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Optical quantum memory plays a critical role in fields such as quantum computing, quantum sensing, and quantum communication. Cold atomic systems, owing to their excellent quantum coherence, controllability, and exceptional capability in handling weak optical fields, have emerged as one of the key platforms for faithful optical quantum state storage. Among these, cigarette-shaped, with up to 2 cm or more, cold atomic ensembles exhibit over 85 % storage effciency due to their optical depth reaching 100 or more. However, further applications are significantly hindered by the limited storage lifetimes caused by inhomogeneous residual magnetic fields along the long atomic cloud. This study analyzes the issue of atomic spin decoherence induced by non-uniform magnetic field with linear gradient, and obtain the result that storage lifetime dramatically decreases with this increasing linear gradient. Further, we demonstrate that in our two-dimensional magneto-optical trap system with a longitudinal atom-light interaction length of 2.7 cm, a DC magnetic field can provide a quantization axis, suppress the effects of inhomogeneous fields,and regulate the cycles of spin dephasing and rephasing. With the proper setting for optical pumping process of magnetic quantum levels, adjusting the pump laser power effectively controls the atomic population distribution, thereby precisely optimizes the light storage effciency at different time bins, as shown in Fig. 7(a). Based on these findings, we propose a scheme for storage of time-bin entangled photon pairs, who are prepared at two different time slots of DLCZ process. A bias magnetic field on the generation MOT (left panel of Fig. 7) induces modulation on the storage time as (a), so that read pulse exerted on rj reads only wj (j= 1, 2). Therefore, the two photonic time bins becomes distingushable and orthogonal. The retrieved photon pairs thus have fully controllable time bins for both photons. Compared to other degrees of freedom, the time encrypted photonic entanglement remains robust in long-distance network.
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Keywords:
- Optical quantum storage /
- Cold atomic ensemble /
- Larmor precession /
- Atomic spin wave
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