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In the last two decades, several unique phenomena in triaxially deformed nuclei, such as chiral doublet bands and wobbling motion have been revealed. Up to now, there are still many open questions which require further experimental and theoretical studies. To explore the collective motion in 131Ba, an experiment was performed using the XTU Tandem accelerator in the Legnaro laboratory, Italy. High-spin states of 131Ba have been populated via the heavy-ion fusion-evaporation 122Sn(13C, 4n) reaction. γ-rays, charged particles and neutrons emitted from the residues were detected by the GALILEO array, EUCLIDES silicon ball, and the Neutron Wall, respectively. A total of 1.2 $ \times $ 109 triple- or higher-fold events were collected by the GALILEO data acquisition system. The γ-γ-γ coincidence events were sorted into a three-dimensional histogram (cube) and the analysis was carried out with the RADWARE and GASPWARE software packages.Through analysis of the coincidences between γ-rays, the most comprehensive level schemes of 131Ba to date was deduced from the present work. The extended level-scheme consists of 15 rotational bands, and newly observed transitions are marked in red. Three nearly degenerate pairs of doublet bands (Band 3–8) are identified in 131Ba. Two pairs of chiral doublets (Band 3–6) with configuration $ {\textit{\pi}}h_{11/2}(g_{7/2},d_{5/2}){\otimes}{\nu}h_{11/2} $ are interpreted as a set of pseudospin-chiral quartet bands. The quartet bands are fed by another pair of chiral doublet bands (Band 7–8) built on a$ {\textit{\pi}}h^2_{11/2}{\otimes}{\nu}h_{11/2} $ configuration via a series of enhanced E1 transitions. We extracted the energy displacement δE and the B(E1)/B(E2) branching ratios between the positive-parity band 3 and the negative-parity band 7 in 131Ba and in comparison with those in 124Ba, 224Th, 133Ce and 135Nd. The energy displacement δE and the B(E1)/B(E2) branching ratios in 131Ba are comparable with those in 124Ba but deviate appreciably from those in 224Th which has been reported to have stable octupole deformation. The results indicate the existence of octupole correlations in 131Ba without stable octupole deformation. A new rotational band (Band 10) discovered in the low-spin region exhibits a level structure similar to a wobbling band. Assuming it as a wobbling band, the wobbling frequency was extracted and compared with other reported wobbling bands in the neighboring nuclei. The wobbling frequency of this band decreases with increasing angular momentum, and even exhibits negative value at the highest spin. Considering that the wobbling phonon should contribute a positive amount to the excitation energy, this band is unlikely to be explained by this mechanism. The band may originate from other collective excitation mechanisms such as γ vibration. The newly identified rotational band (Band 9) composed of M1 transitions is tentatively assigned as a magnetic rotational band through a systematic analysis of the level structure. Finally, the configurations of other 4 bands, Band 12-15, are also suggested based on previous researches and the extracted quasiparticle alignments.-
Keywords:
- high-spin states /
- chirality /
- pseudospin /
- octupole correlation /
- wobbling motion
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图 1 131Ba中的部分能级纲图, 箭头宽度表示γ跃迁强度, 跃迁能量单位为keV, 本工作新发现的γ跃迁用红色表示
Figure 1. Partial level schemes of 131Ba deduced from the present work. Transition energies are given in keV and their measured relative intensities are proportional to the widths of the arrows. Newly observed transitions are marked in red.
图 2 典型的二重符合开门谱, 本工作新鉴别的γ跃迁用红色表示
Figure 2. Typical double-gated coincidence spectra for the new structures in 131Ba. Newly observed levels are marked in red
图 3 带1—15的转动能级相对于刚性转子的激发能
Figure 3. The excitation energies of Band 1–15 of 131Ba are shown relative to a rotating rigid rotor reference.
图 4 131Ba与130Ba中转动带准粒子顺排, 对于131Ba, Harris参数取$ {\cal{J}}_0 $$ = 11.9{\hbar}^2\;{\mathrm{MeV }}^{-1} $, $ {\cal{J}}_1 $$ { = 21.1\hbar^4\;{\mathrm{MeV}}}^{-3} $${} $. 对于130Ba, Harris参数取$ {\cal{J}}_0 $$ = 10 {\hbar}^2\; {\mathrm{MeV}}^{-1}$, $ {\cal{J}}_1 $$ = $$ 55{\hbar}^4\; {\mathrm{MeV}} ^{-3} $.
Figure 4. The alignments of rotational bands in 131Ba and 130Ba. The Harris parameters used to obtain the alignments are $ {\cal{J}}_0 $$ = 11.9{\hbar}^2\; {\mathrm{MeV}} ^{-1} $ and $ {\cal{J}}_1 $$ = 21.1 {\hbar}^4\;{\mathrm{MeV}} ^{-3} $ for bands in 131Ba, and $ {\cal{J}}_0 $$ = 10 {\hbar}^2 \;{\mathrm{MeV}} ^{-1}$ and $ {\cal{J}}_1 $$ = 55{\hbar}^4 \;{\mathrm{MeV}}^{-3} $ in 130Ba.
图 5 131Ba, 124Ba[24], 224Th[38], 133Ce[39]和135Nd[36]中(a)能量移动$ {\text{δ}}E $和(b)正负宇称带间的约化跃迁分支比$ B(E1)/B(E2) $随自旋变化
Figure 5. (a) The experimental energy displacement δE and (b) B(E1)/B(E2) ratios between the positive- and negative-parity bands as a function of spin in 131Ba, together with those in 124Ba[24], 224Th[38], 133Ce[39] and 135Nd[36]
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