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High-power fiber laser oscillators have been widely used in industrial processing, material processing, biomedical and other fields due to their compact structure, simple logic and strong power scalability. With the increasing demand for laser performance in industrial applications, bidirectional output fiber laser based on a single resonator structure has a broad application prospect. In this work, we first establish a theoretical model for a 1050-nm bidirectional output fiber laser oscillator based on the steady-state rate equation, and simulate the relationship between the length of the gain fiber and output power, efficiency, and the intensity of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). A high-power bidirectional output fiber laser with a central wavelength of 1050 nm is built using an ytterbium-doped fiber with a core/cladding diameter of 20/400 μm. The output characteristics of the 1050-nm bidirectional output fiber laser oscillator under different pump methods (unidirectional pump, bidirectional pump) are experimentally studied in detail. With a total pump power of 5262 W, A-end output power reaches 1419 W and B-end output power reaches 3051 W. Therefore, a total output power of 4470 W with an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 84.9% is achieved. The corresponding beam qualities (M2 factor) of both ends are 1.27 and 1.31 when the output powers reach 1458 W and 2733 W, respectively. By further optimizing the length of the gain fiber, the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and SRS are effectively suppressed. With a total pump power of 5262 W, the Raman suppression ratios at A-end and B-end are enhanced by ~6.6 dB and ~8.1 dB, respectively. It is expected that higher output power can be achieved by increasing the pump power and optimizing the laser structure in the future.
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Keywords:
- bidirectional output /
- fiber laser oscillator /
- near-single-mode /
- stimulated Raman scattering
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图 1 双端输出光纤振荡器仿真简化结构示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the simulation simplified structure of bidirectional output fiber oscillator.
图 2 (a) 输出功率及效率随YDF长度变化情况; (b) 双向泵浦下两端输出光谱; (c) 不同增益光纤长度下光谱对比
Figure 2. (a) Output power and optical efficiency versus with the length of the YDF; (b) output spectrum under bidirectional pump; (c) spectral comparison at different gain fiber lengths.
图 3 1050 nm双端输出光纤激光振荡器实验结构
Figure 3. Experimental setup of 1050 nm bidirectional output fiber laser oscillator.
图 4 A端泵浦方式下的实验结果 (a) 输出功率及效率; (b) 时域信号, 插图为傅里叶频谱图
Figure 4. Experimental results under A-end pump: (a) Output power and efficiency; (b) temporal signal (inset: Fourier spectrum).
图 5 双向泵浦方式下的实验结果 (a) 输出功率及效率; (b) 时域信号和频谱图; (c) 两端输出光谱; (d) 两端光束质量
Figure 5. Experimental results under bidirectional pump: (a) Output power and efficiency; (b) temporal signal and Fourier spectrum; (c) output spectra of two ends; (d) beam quality of two ends.
图 6 (a) 双向泵浦下结构优化前后输出功率及效率对比; (b) 双向泵浦方式下两端输出光谱
Figure 6. (a) Comparison of output power and efficiency before and after structure optimization under bidirectional pump; (b) output spectrum of both ends under bidirectional pump.
表 1 速率方程主要参数
Table 1. Main parameters of the rate equation.
物理量 物理意义 物理量 物理意义 R 反射率 ${N_2}$ 激发态粒子数 Z 增益光纤纵向坐标 ${N_1}$ 基态粒子数 $m$ 泵浦光波长序数 ${N_0}$ 掺杂离子浓度 $n$ 信号光波长序数 ${g_{\text{R}}}$ 拉曼增益系数 ${A_{{\text{eff}}}}$ 纤芯有效面积 $\sigma _n^{{\text{es}}}$ 第n个信号光吸收截面 ${\varGamma _{\text{s}}}$ 信号光填充因子 $\sigma _n^{{\text{as}}}$ 第n个信号光发射截面 ${\varGamma _{\text{p}}}$ 泵浦光填充因子 $\alpha _n^{\text{p}}(\lambda _n^{\text{p}})$ 信号光损耗系数 
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表 2 仿真主要参数
Table 2. Simulation parameter.
主要参数 值 信号光中心波长/nm 1050 泵浦光中心波长/nm 976 总泵浦功率/W 6000 纤芯/内包层/μm 20/400 泵浦吸收系数 0.44 dB/m@915 nm 增益光纤长度/m 16.6/14.6/12.6/10.6/8.6 FBG-A的反射率/% 10 FBG-B的反射率/% 10 FBG-A的半高全宽/nm 2 FBG-B的半高全宽/nm 2
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[1] Richardson D J, Nilsson J, Clarkson W A 2010 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27 B63
Google Scholar
[2] Zervas, Michalis N 2014 Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 28 1442009
Google Scholar
[3] 王小林, 张汉伟, 杨保来, 奚小明, 王鹏, 史尘, 王泽锋, 周朴, 许晓军, 陈金宝 2021 中国激光 48 0401004
Google Scholar
Wang X L, Zhang H W, Yang B L, Xi X M, Wang P, Shi C, Wang Z F, Zhou P, Xu X J, Chen J B 2021 Chin. J. Lasers 48 0401004
Google Scholar
[4] Zhu J J, Zhou P, Ma Y X, Xu X J, Liu Z J 2011 Opt. Express 19 18645
Google Scholar
[5] Jauregui C, Limpert J, Tünnermann A 2013 Nat. Photonics 7 861
Google Scholar
[6] Zervas M N 2019 Opt. Express 27 19019
Google Scholar
[7] Augst S J, Ranka J K, Fan T Y, Sanchez A 2007 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 24 1707
Google Scholar
[8] 辛国锋, 皮浩洋, 沈力, 瞿荣辉, 蔡海文, 方祖捷, 陈高庭 2010 激光与光电子学进展 47 17
Google Scholar
Xin G F, Pi H Y, Shen L, Ju R H, Cai H W, Fang Z J, Chen G T 2010 Laser Optoelectron. Prog. 47 17
Google Scholar
[9] 王小林, 曾令筏, 叶云, 刘佳琪, 吴函烁, 王鹏, 杨保来, 奚小明, 张汉伟, 史尘, 习锋杰, 王泽锋, 周朴, 许晓军, 陈金宝 2024 中国激光 51 223
Google Scholar
Wang X L, Zeng L F, Ye Y, Liu J Q, Wu H S, Wang P, Yang B L, Xi X M, Zhang H W, Shi C, Xi F J, Wang Z F, Zhou P, Xu X J, Chen J B 2024 Chin. J. Laser 51 223
Google Scholar
[10] Zeng L F, Ding X Y, Liu J Q, Wang X L, Ye Y, Wu H S, Wang P, Xi X M, Zhang H W, Shi C, Xi F J, Xu X J 2024 Micromachines-Basel 15 153
Google Scholar
[11] Schmidt O, Wirth C, Rhein S, Rekas M, Kliner A, Schreiber T, Tünnermann R E, Andreas 2011 The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Munich, Germany, May 22–26, 2011 p1
[12] Roman Y, Nikolai P, Alexander Y, Valentin P G 2016 Proc. SPIE San Francisco, March 9, 2016 p972807
[13] 孙殷宏, 柯伟伟, 冯昱骏, 王岩山, 彭万敬, 马毅, 李腾龙, 王小军, 唐淳, 张凯 2016 中国激光 43 0601003
Google Scholar
Sun Y H, Ke W W, Feng Y J, Wang Y S, Peng W J, Ma Y, Li T L, Wang X J, Tang C, Zhang K 2016 Chin. J. Laser 43 0601003
Google Scholar
[14] Chu Q H, Shu Q, Liu Y 2020 Opt. Lett. 45 6502
Google Scholar
[15] Xu Y, Sheng Q, Wang P 2021 Appl. Opt. 60 3740
Google Scholar
[16] Zheng Y H, Han Z G, Li Y L 2022 Opt. Express 30 12670
Google Scholar
[17] Liu Z J, Ma P F, Tao R M, Wang X L, Zhou P 2015 Ieee J. Quantum Elect. 51 1
Google Scholar
[18] Silva A, Boller K, Lindsay I D 2011 Opt. Express 19 10511
Google Scholar
[19] Liu C H, Galvanauskas A, Ehlers B, Doerfel F, Heinemann S, Carter A, Tankala K, Farroni J 2004 Advanced Solid-State Photonics Santa Fe, New Mexico, February 1–4, 2004 p17
[20] 王小林, 叶云, 奚小明, 史尘, 张汉伟, 韩凯, 王泽锋, 许晓军, 周朴, 司磊, 陈金宝 2018 中国专利201821644646.3
Wang X L, Ye Y, Xi X M, Shi C, Zhang H W, Han K, Wang Z F, Xu X J, Zhou P, Si L, Chen J B 2018 CN Patent 201821644646.3
[21] Zhong P L, Wang L, Yang B L 2022 Opt. Lett. 47 2806
Google Scholar
[22] Liu J Q, Zeng L F, Wang X L, Shi C, Wu H S, Wang P, Xi X M, Zhang H W, Ning Y, Xi F J 2024 Opt. Laser Technol. 169 110031
Google Scholar
[23] Li F C, Ding X Y, Wang P, Yang B L, Xi X M, Zhang H W, Wang X L, Chen J B 2023 Photonics-Basel 10 912
Google Scholar
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