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Optical Stokes vector skyrmions, as novel fully Poincaré spherical vector beams, hold broad application prospects in optical communication, optical computing, multiplexing, and super-resolution imaging. However, existing research primarily focuses on the controllable generation of single optical skyrmions, with limited exploration of continuous modulation of different skyrmion configurations and insufficient investigation into generation in the terahertz frequency band. This paper proposes a multilayer metasurface that generates higher-order topological configurations of Stokes vector skyrmions through rotation. For instance, a two-layer structure enables rotational control of two skyrmion types, while a three-layer design achieves control over four skyrmion types. A twist-tunable double-layer Moiré metasurface design is simultaneously developed, where the two metasurface layers are designed with complementary Moiré phases to achieve continuous modulation of the radial skyrmion order. By synergistically modulating the geometric and dynamic phases of the metasurface, the topological invariance of free-space propagating skyrmions is preserved while maintaining beam intensity. The paper presents detailed theoretical analysis and numerical results, validated through full-wave simulation studies. This multilayer metasurface design enables dynamic control of Stokes vector and skyrmion configurations solely by adjusting the relative rotation angles between layers, eliminating the need to alter incident light or external conditions. This approach breaks through the limitations of traditional phase modulation methods reliant on phase-change materials. Furthermore, the dual-layer Moiré metasurface design significantly enhances device integration, offering a highly integrated and flexible technical pathway for realizing multidimensional light field manipulation and long-distance terahertz optical communication systems.
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Keywords:
- THz metasurfaces /
- Skyrmions /
- Phase modulation /
- Moiré metasurface
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