铁电材料光催化活性的研究进展

吴化平; 令欢; 张征; 李研彪; 梁利华; 柴国钟

doi:10.7498/aps.66.167702

摘要

光催化技术被认为是最有前景的环境污染处理技术，这就使得光催化剂材料备受瞩目.近年来，铁电材料作为新型光催化剂材料受到人们越来越多的关注，其原因在于铁电材料特有的自发极化有望解决催化反应过程中的电子-空穴对复合问题，进而提高光催化活性.本文从两个方面对铁电极化如何影响光催化进行综述：一方面，从铁电极化入手归纳总结其对电子-空穴对分离的影响，进而更深入地从极化引发的退极化场和能带弯曲两个部分来阐述具体的影响机理；另一方面，为了消除静电屏蔽，分别从温度、应力（应变）、电场三个外场因素调控极化入手，归纳总结外场调控极化对电子-空穴对分离的影响，进而影响光催化活性.最后对该领域今后的发展前景进行了展望.

关键词:

Abstract

Photocatalytic technology is considered to be the most promising treatment technology of environmental pollution. In this technology, the electronhole pairs generated by the light-responsive materials under sunlight irradiation will produce the oxidation-reduction reactions with the outside world. At present, there are still a series of problems needed to be solved in the photocatalytic technology, among which the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs is a very important limitation. In recent years, the ferroelectric materials have attracted much attention as a new type of photocatalyst because the spontaneous polarizations of ferroelectric materials are expected to solve the recombination problem of electronhole pairs in the catalytic reaction process. However, there are no systematic analyses of the specific mechanisms for ferroelectric materials. In this paper, we review the effects of ferroelectric polarization of ferroelectric materials on photocatalytic activity from three aspects. Firstly, the polarization can give rise to depolarization field and band bending, thereby affecting the separation rate of electron-hole pairs, and speeding up the transmission rate. Therefore, in the first part, the effects of depolarization field and energy band bending on catalytic activity are summarized. This can conduce to understanding the influence of polarization on catalytic activity more clearly from the intrinsic mechanism. Next, the built-in electric field induced by the polarization of ferroelectric material can increase the separation rate of photogenerated carriers and improve the catalytic activity. However, the static built-in electric field easily leads to free carrier saturation due to the electrostatic shielding, which reduces the carrier separation rate. Thus, in order to eliminate the electrostatic shielding, the effects of three external field including temperature, stress (strain) and electric field, which can regulate polarization, on the separation of electronhole pairs and photocatalytic activity are summarized in the second part. Finally, detailed discussion is presented on how to exert effective external fields, such as strain, temperature, and applied electric field, and how to study the force catalysis or temperature catalysis under the no-light condition according to the piezoelectricity effect and pyroelectric effect of ferroelectric material in the last part.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
浙江工业大学机械工程学院, 特种装备制造与先进技术教育部/浙江省重点实验室, 杭州 310014

通信作者: 吴化平, wuhuaping@gmail.com

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（批准号：11372280，11672269，51475424，51675485）、浙江省科技厅公益工业项目（批准号：2016C31041）和国家重点实验室开放基金（批准号：GZ15205）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Laboratory of Special Purpose Equipment and Advanced Manufacturing Technology(Zhejiang University of Technology), Ministry of Education/Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou 310014, China

Corresponding author: Wu Hua-Ping, wuhuaping@gmail.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11372280, 11672269, 51475424, 51675485), the Project of Public Welfare of Zhejiang Province Technology Department, China (Grant No. 2016C31041), and the National Key Laboratory Open Foundation of China (Grant No. GZ15205).

参考文献

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[39]	Schultz A M, Zhang Y L, Salvador P A, Rohrer G S 2011 ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 3 1562
[40]	Ji W, Yao K, Lim Y F, Liang Y C, Suwardi A 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 062901
[41]	Cui Y F, Goldup S M, Dunn S 2015 RSC Adv. 5 30372
[42]	Li L, Rohrer G S, Salvador P A 2012 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 95 1414
[43]	Li L, Zhang Y L, Schultz A M, Liu X, Salvador P A, Rohrer G S 2012 Cat. Sci. Tec. 2 1945
[44]	Zhang Y L, Schultz A M, Salvador P A, Rohrer G S 2011 J. Mater. Chem. 21 4168
[45]	Li H D, Sang Y H, Chang S J, Huang X, Zhang Y, Yang R S, Jiang H D, Liu H, Wang Z L 2015 Nano Lett. 15 2372
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[49]	Wu H P, Ma X F, Zhang Z, Zeng J, Wang J, Chai G Z 2016 AIP Adv. 6 015309
[50]	Wu H P, Ma X F, Zhang Z, Zhu J, Wang J, Chai G Z 2016 J. Appl. Phys. 119 104421
[51]	Wu H P, Chai G Z, Xu B, Li J Q, Zhang Z 2013 Appl. Phys. A 113 155
[52]	Lin H, Wu Z, Jia Y M, Li W J, Zheng R K, Luo H S 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 162907

施引文献

[1]	Fujishima A, Honda K 1972 Nature 238 37
[2]	Wang Y Z, Hu C 1998 Chin. J. Environ. (in Chinese)[王怡中, 胡春1998环境科学]
[3]	Legrini O, Oliveros E, Braun A M 1993 Chem. Rev. 93 671
[4]	Cui Y M, Dan D J, Zhu Y R 2001 Chin. J. Inorg. Chem. 17 401 (in Chinese)[崔玉民, 单德杰, 朱亦仁2001无机化学学报17 401]
[5]	Hadjiivanov K, Vasileva E, Kantcheva M, Klissursri D 1991 Mater. Chem. Phys. 28 367
[6]	Gao Y M, Lee W, Trehan R, Kershaw R, Dwight K, Wold A 1991 Mater. Res. Bull. 26 1247
[7]	Grosso D, Boissiere C, Smarsly B, Brezesinski T, Pinna N, Albouy P A, Amenitsch H, Antonietti M, Sanchez C 2004 Nature Mater. 3 787
[8]	Mohan S, Subramanian B 2013 RSC Adv. 3 23737
[9]	Wang H C, Lin Y H, Feng Y N, Shen Y 2013 J. Electroceram. 31 271
[10]	Humayun M, Zada A, Li Z J, Xie M Z, Zhang X L, Yang Q, Raziq F, Jing L Q 2016 Appl. Catal. B:Environ. 180 219
[11]	Giocondi J L, Rohrer G S 2001 Chem. Mater. 13 241
[12]	Saito K, Koga K, Kudo A 2011 Dalton T. 40 3909
[13]	Shi J, Zhao P, Wang X D 2013 Adv. Mater. 25 916
[14]	Zheng Y, Wang B, Woo C H 2009 Acta Mech. Solida Sin. 22 524
[15]	Dong H F, Wu Z G, Wang S Y, Duan W H, Li J B 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 072905
[16]	Shuai J L, Liu X X, Yang B 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 118101 (in Chinese)[帅佳丽, 刘向鑫, 杨彪2016物理学报65 118101]
[17]	Sakar M, Balakumar S, Saravanan P, Bharathkumar S 2016 Nanoscale 8 1147
[18]	Dunn S, Stock M 2012 Mrs Online Proceeding Library 1446
[19]	Park S, Lee C W, Kang M G, Kim S, Kim H J, Kwon J E, Park S Y, Kang C Y, Hong K S, Nam K T 2014 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16 10408
[20]	Cui Y F, Briscoe J, Dunn S 2013 Chem. Mater. 25 4215
[21]	Li L, Salvador P A, Rohrer G S 2013 Nanoscale 6 24
[22]	Dunn S, Shaw C P, Huang Z, Whatmore R W 2002 Nanotechnology 13 456
[23]	He H Q, Yin J, Li Y X, Zhang Y, Qiu H S, Xu J B, Xu T, Wang C Y 2014 Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 156 35
[24]	Stock M, Dunn S 2012 J. Phys. Chem. C 116 20854
[25]	Yang X L, Su X D, Shen M R, Zheng F G, Xin Y, Zhang L, Hua M C, Chen Y J, Harris V G 2012 Adv. Mater. 24 1202
[26]	Popescu D G, Husanu M A, Trupina L, Hrib L, Pintilie L, Barinov A, Lizzit S, Lacovig P, Teodorescu C M 2015 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17 509
[27]	Yu H, Wang X H, Hao W C, Li L T 2015 RSC Adv. 5 72410
[28]	Yang W, Rodriguez B J, Gruverman A, Nemanich R J 2005 J. Phys. Condens. Mater. 17 1415
[29]	Kalinin S V, Bonnell D A, Alvarez T, Lei X, Hu Z, Ferris J H, Zhang Q, Dunn S 2002 Nano Lett. 2 589
[30]	Dunn S, Jones P M, Gallardo D E 2007 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 8724
[31]	Kalinin S V, Bonnell D A, Alvarez T, Lei X, Hu Z, Ferris J H, Zhang Q, Dunn S 2002 Nano Lett. 2 589
[32]	Yan F, Chen G N, Lu L, Spanier J E 2012 ACS Nano 6 2353
[33]	Yang W, Yu Y, Starr M B, Yin X, Li Z, Kvit A, Wang S, Zhao P, Wang X 2015 Nano Lett. 15 7574
[34]	Giocondi J L, Rohrer G S 2001 J. Phys. Chem. B 105 8275
[35]	Benedek N A, Fennie C J 2013 J. Phys. Chem. C 117 13339
[36]	Bowen C R, Kim H A, Weaver P M, Dunn S 2014 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 25
[37]	Sakar M, Balakumar S, Saravanan P, Bharathkumar S 2015 Nanoscale 7 10667
[38]	Bowen C R, Kim H A, Weaver P M, Dunn S 2013 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 25
[39]	Schultz A M, Zhang Y L, Salvador P A, Rohrer G S 2011 ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 3 1562
[40]	Ji W, Yao K, Lim Y F, Liang Y C, Suwardi A 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 062901
[41]	Cui Y F, Goldup S M, Dunn S 2015 RSC Adv. 5 30372
[42]	Li L, Rohrer G S, Salvador P A 2012 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 95 1414
[43]	Li L, Zhang Y L, Schultz A M, Liu X, Salvador P A, Rohrer G S 2012 Cat. Sci. Tec. 2 1945
[44]	Zhang Y L, Schultz A M, Salvador P A, Rohrer G S 2011 J. Mater. Chem. 21 4168
[45]	Li H D, Sang Y H, Chang S J, Huang X, Zhang Y, Yang R S, Jiang H D, Liu H, Wang Z L 2015 Nano Lett. 15 2372
[46]	Gutmann E, Benke A, Gerth K, Bottcher H, Mehner E, Klein C, Krause-Buchholz U, Bergmann U, Pompe W, Meyer D C 2012 J. Phys. Chem. C 116 5383
[47]	Su R, Shen Y J, Li L L, Zhang D W, Yang G, Gao C B, Yang Y D 2015 Small 11 202
[48]	Zhang G H, Zhu J, Jiang G L, Wang B, Zheng Y 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 107701 (in Chinese)[张耿鸿, 朱佳, 姜格蕾, 王彪, 郑跃2016物理学报65 107701]
[49]	Wu H P, Ma X F, Zhang Z, Zeng J, Wang J, Chai G Z 2016 AIP Adv. 6 015309
[50]	Wu H P, Ma X F, Zhang Z, Zhu J, Wang J, Chai G Z 2016 J. Appl. Phys. 119 104421
[51]	Wu H P, Chai G Z, Xu B, Li J Q, Zhang Z 2013 Appl. Phys. A 113 155
[52]	Lin H, Wu Z, Jia Y M, Li W J, Zheng R K, Luo H S 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 162907

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