极紫外飞秒光学频率梳的产生与研究进展

郑立; 刘寒; 汪会波; 王阁阳; 蒋建旺; 韩海年; 朱江峰; 魏志义

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20200851

摘要

飞秒光学频率梳对光学频率精密测量和超快科学的发展起到了至关重要的作用, 而将其拓展至极紫外波段, 即可作为阿秒脉冲、紫外非线性光学、电子跃迁光谱探测以及量子电动力学等研究的有力工具. 极紫外飞秒光学频率梳需要通过高重复频率、高峰值功率的飞秒激光驱动高次谐波间接产生. 本文从极紫外飞秒光学频率梳的产生原理出发, 首先对其驱动源参数要求以及获取方式进行了介绍, 分别对比了啁啾脉冲放大技术、光参量啁啾脉冲放大技术、光纤放大技术和飞秒共振增强放大技术用于驱动极紫外飞秒光学频率梳产生的优缺点及适用性. 其次, 针对共线和非共线产生高次谐波的两种方式, 详细阐述了国际上常用的几种极紫外飞秒光学频率梳的耦合输出方法. 最后, 从基于飞秒共振增强腔、光参量啁啾脉冲放大器和由振荡器直接产生的极紫外飞秒光学频率梳三个角度出发, 对其研究进展进行了综述, 并对目前尚待优化的问题进行了总结.

关键词:

Abstract

Femtosecond optical frequency combs have revolutionized the precision measurement of optical frequency and ultrafast science. Furthermore, the frequency combs expended to extreme ultraviolet (XUV) wavelength could provide an effective tool in attosecond pulse generation, nonlinear optics in ultraviolet, spectroscopy of electronic transitions and experiment of quantum electrodynamics. XUV femtosecond optical frequency combs need to be indirectly obtained by means of high-harmonic generation (HHG) drived by femtosecond pulses with high-repetition rate and extremely high peak power. In this review, firstly, the generation principle and the driving laser source requirements of femtosecond pulses generation in XUV spectral range are introduced. Basing on the requirements of driving laser sources, the several femtosecond laser amplification techniques are described, such as chirped pulse amplification (CPA), optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA), double cladding pumped fiber amplifier and femtosecond enhancement cavity (fsEC). Meanwhile, the relative merits and applicability of which for XUV femtosecond optical frequency combs generation are compared. Secondly, in the HHG process, the XUV is generated collinearly or non-collinearly with the optical driving field. For the collinear generation process, one of the fundamental challenges is the design of a high-efficiency XUV output coupler. Here, three methods for out-coupling the XUV are expounded. Also, the theory of non-collinear XUV generation is mentioned. Finally, some typical research progress of XUV femtosecond optical frequency combs generation based on fsEC, OPCPA and femtosecond oscillators are reviewed respectively, as well as the current problems that need to be optimized are summarized.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
西安电子科技大学物理与光电工程学院, 西安　710071

2.
中国科学院物理研究所北京凝聚态物理国家实验室, 北京　100190

通信作者: 韩海年, hnhan@iphy.ac.cn ; 朱江峰, jfzhu@xidian.edu.cn ;

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11774277, 60808007)、中央高校基本科研业务费(批准号: JB190501, ZD2006)和陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(批准号: 2019JCW-03)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China

2.
Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Corresponding author: Han Hai-Nian, hnhan@iphy.ac.cn ; Zhu Jiang-Feng, jfzhu@xidian.edu.cn ;

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11774277, 60808007), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Nos.JB190501, ZD2006), and the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi, China (Grant No.2019JCW-03)

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施引文献

图 1 高次谐波与XUV飞秒光学频率梳光谱

Fig. 1. Spectrum of High-Harmonic generation and XUV optical frequency comb

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图 2 啁啾脉冲放大技术

Fig. 2. Chirped pulse amplification

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图 3 光参量啁啾脉冲放大技术

Fig. 3. Optical parametric chirped pulse amplification

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图 4 F-P腔的相干脉冲放大：(a)时域中; (b)频域中

Fig. 4. Coherent pulse amplification in F-P cavity: (a)Time domain; (b)frequency domain.

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图 5 布儒斯特片以及衍射光栅镜耦合输出XUV：(a)布儒斯特片;(b)衍射光栅镜

Fig. 5. XUV output coupling by Brewster plate and grating mirror: (a)Brewster plate; (b)grating mirror.

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图 6 高次谐波通过腔镜中的一个小孔耦合输出

Fig. 6. The output coupling of high-harmonic light from a small aperture in one of the cavity mirrors.

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图 7 (a)XUV输出耦合器照片; (b)镜子表面小孔的近距离照片^[51]

Fig. 7. (a)Photograph of a XUV output coupler; (b)close-up photograph of aperture in the mirror surface^[51].

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图 8 飞秒共振增强腔中的非共线高次谐波产生

Fig. 8. Non-collinear high harmonic generation in femtosecond enhancement cavity

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图 9 fsEC腔内高次谐波产生实验装置^[43]

Fig. 9. Schematic setup of high-harmonic generation in fsEC^[43]

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图 10 OPCPA系统驱动XUV飞秒光学频率梳产生^[9]

Fig. 10. XUV femtosecond optical frequency comb generation drived by OPCPA system^[9]

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图 11 薄片振荡器内产生高次谐波实验装置^[82]

Fig. 11. Experimental setup of HHG in a thin-disk laser oscillator^[82]

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