基于等效介质原理的宽角超材料吸波体设计

吴雨明; 王任; 丁霄; 王秉中

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20201488

摘要

超材料吸波体的吸波性能会受到电磁波入射角度的影响, 角度不敏感的吸波材料设计一直是吸波材料设计的难点之一. 本文基于等效介质原理设计了一种宽入射角超材料吸波体. 超材料吸波体单元由竖直放置在理想导体(PEC)上的双面开口谐振环组成, 谐振环开口处加载集总电阻R和集总电容C, 其中电阻R用于调控超材料的等效电磁参数, 电容C用于调控超材料的谐振频率和实现单元小型化. 当TE波(横电波, 电场方向与入射面垂直的平面电磁波)照射时, 电阻R = 4000 Ω, C = 1.5 pF, 在1.59 GHz处, 本文设计的宽角超材料吸波体实现了70°内90%以上的吸波率, 当入射角度达到75°, 也仍然有85%以上的吸波率, 并且基于等效介质原理的理论分析结果和仿真结果及测量结果都基本符合; 当TM波(横磁波, 磁场方向与入射面垂直的平面电磁波)照射时, 电阻R = 1200 Ω, C = 1.5 pF, 此时需将超材料单元旋转90°, 在1.59 GHz处, 本文设计的宽角超材料吸波体实现了70°内90%以上的吸波率, 当入射角度达到75°, 也仍然有85%以上的吸波率. 测试结果基本与仿真结果符合. 此外, 当电容C发生改变而其余参数不改变时, 本文设计的超材料吸波体在新的谐振频率处仍然具有同样的宽角吸波性能, 具有宽频带的工作特性.

关键词:

Abstract

The performances of metamaterial absorbers can be affected by the incidence angle of electromagnetic wave. It is difficult to design the incidence angle-insensitive metamaterial absorbers. In this paper, we propose a metamaterial absorber with wide-angle incidence based on the equivalent medium theory. The absorber unit consists of a double-sided split resonant ring placed vertically on the ground. The resistors and capacitors are loaded at the opening of the resonant ring. The resistor is used to adjust the equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the metamaterial, and the capacitor is used to control the resonant frequency of the metamaterial and miniaturize the unit. When the transverse electric (TE) plane wave impinges on the surface of the absorber, R = 4000 Ohm and C = 1.5 pF, the proposed absorber can achieve an absorptivity greater than 90% at 1.59 GHz up to an incidence angle reaching 70°. Besides, the absorber can achieve an 85% absorptivity under an incidence angle of 75°. when the transverse magnetic (TM) plane wave impinges on the surface of the absorbers, R = 1200 Ω and C = 1.5 pF, the proposed absorber can achieve an absorptivity of greater than 90% at 1.59 GHz up to a 70°incidence angle. Besides, the absorber can also achieve an absorptivity of 85% up to 75°. The results show that the measurement results are basically consistent with the simulation results. In addition, when the capacitance is changed while the other parameters are fixed, the metamaterial absorber proposed in this paper still has the same wide-angle absorbing performance at the new resonant frequency. In other words, the proposed absorber has broadband operating characteristics. A frequency-tunable metamaterial absorber with wide-angle incidence can be designed based on the aforementioned results. The results in this paper provide a method of tuning capacitance. The opening is set at the other end of the split ring, and the same fixed-value resistor and variable capacitor are loaded on the left opening, and the corresponding DC bias feeder is designed. One end of the DC bias line is directly connected to the ground, and the other end needs to be separately connected to the other DC bias feeder of each unit to realize the control of the variable capacitors of each unit.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

电子科技大学, 应用物理研究所, 成都　611731

通信作者: 王秉中, bzwang@uestc.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 61731005, 61901086)、博士后创新人才支持计划(批准号: BX20180057)、中国博士后科学基金(批准号: 2018M640907)和中央高校基本科研业务费(批准号: ZYGX2019J101)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

Institute of Applied Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China

Corresponding author: Wang Bing-Zhong, bzwang@uestc.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61731005, 61901086), the Postdoctoral Innovation Talents Support Program, China (Grant No. BX20180057), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2018M640907), and the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities, China (Grant No. ZYGX2019J101)

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	Landy N I, Sajuyigbe S, Mock J J, Smith D R, Padilla W J 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 207402 Google Scholar
[2]	Wang B X, Zhai X, Wang G Z, Huang W Q, Wang L L 2015 IEEE Photonics J. 7 4600108 Google Scholar
[3]	Ding F, Cui X, Ge C, Jin Y, He S L 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 103506 Google Scholar
[4]	Lin X Q, Mei P, Zhang P C, Chen Z Z D, Fan Y 2016 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 64 4910 Google Scholar
[5]	Hao J P, Lheurette E, Burgnies L, Okada E, Lippens D 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 081102 Google Scholar
[6]	Deng T W, Li Z W, Chen Z N 2017 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 65 5886 Google Scholar
[7]	Shang Y P, Shen Z X, Xiao S Q 2013 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 61 6022 Google Scholar
[8]	Rozanov K N 2000 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 48 1230 Google Scholar
[9]	Chen H T 2012 Opt. Express 20 7165 Google Scholar
[10]	顾超, 屈绍波, 裴志斌, 徐卓, 林宝勤, 周航, 柏鹏, 顾巍, 彭卫东, 马华 2011 物理学报 60 087802 Google Scholar Gu C, Qu S B, Pei Z B, Xu Z, Lin B Q, Zhou H, Bai P, Gu W, Peng W D, Ma H 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 087802 Google Scholar
[11]	程用志, 聂彦, 龚荣洲, 王鲜 2013 物理学报 62 044103 Google Scholar Chen Y Z, Nie Y, Gong R Z, Wang X 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 044103 Google Scholar
[12]	熊益军, 王岩, 王强, 王春齐, 黄小忠, 张芬, 周丁 2018 物理学报 67 084202 Google Scholar Xiong Y J, Wang Y, Wang Q, Wang C Q, Huang X Z, Zhang F, Zhou D 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 084202 Google Scholar
[13]	李宇涵, 邓联文, 罗衡, 贺龙辉, 贺君, 徐运超, 黄生祥 2019 物理学报 68 095201 Google Scholar Li YH, Deng L W, Luo H, He L H, He J, Xu Y C, Huang S X 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 095201 Google Scholar
[14]	Tao H, Bingham C M, Strikwerda A C, Pilon D, Shrekenhamer, Landy N I, Fan K, Zhang X, Padilla, Averitt 2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 241103 Google Scholar
[15]	Wang B N, Koschny T, Soukouli Costa M 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 033108 Google Scholar
[16]	Lee D, Hwang J G, Lim D, Hara T, Lim S 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 27155 Google Scholar
[17]	Nguyen T T, Lim S 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 3204 Google Scholar
[18]	Lim D, Lee D, Lim S 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 39686 Google Scholar
[19]	Wang J Y, Yang R C, Tian J P, Wei C X, Zhang W M 2018 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 17 1242 Google Scholar
[20]	Amiri M, Tofigh F, Shariati N, Lipman J, Abolhasan M 2020 Sci. Rep. 10 13638 Google Scholar
[21]	Assimonis S D, Fusco V 2019 Sci. Rep. 9 2082 Google Scholar
[22]	Huang X T, Lu C H, Rong C C, Liu M H 2018 Opt. Mater. Exp. 8 2520 Google Scholar
[23]	Singh H S 2020 Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett. 62 718 Google Scholar
[24]	Abdulkarim Y, Deng L W, Luo H, Huang S X, He L H, Han L Y, Muhammadsharif F F, Altintas O, Sabah C, Karaaslan M 2020 Bull. Mater. Sci. 43 116 Google Scholar
[25]	Ji S J, Jiang C X, Zhao J, Yang J L, Wang J L, Dai H D 2019 Curr. Appl. Phys. 19 1164 Google Scholar
[26]	Jin Y, Xiao S S, Mortensen N A, He S L 2011 Opt. Express 19 11114 Google Scholar
[27]	Feng S M, Halterman K 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86 165103 Google Scholar
[28]	Zhong S M, He S L 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 2083 Google Scholar
[29]	吴雨明, 丁霄, 王任, 王秉中 2020 物理学报 69 054202 Google Scholar Wu Y M, Ding X, Wang R, Wang B Z 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 054202 Google Scholar
[30]	Chen X D, Grzegorczyk T M, Wu B I, Pacheco J, Kong J A 2004 Phys. Rev. E 70 016608 Google Scholar

施引文献

图 1 单元模型和理论模型　(a)宽角超材料吸波体单元模型; (b)理论分析模型

Fig. 1. Unit cell and theoretical model: (a) Wide-angle metamaterial absorber unit cell; (b) theoretical model.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 超材料吸波体的谐振频率随电容的变化　(a) TE波照射; (b) TM波照射

Fig. 2. Resonant frequency of metamaterial absorber varies with capacitance: (a) TE wave; (b) TM wave.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 超材料的等效磁导率虚部和实部以及超材料吸波体反射系数随电阻R的变化　(a) TE波照射时磁导率实部; (b) TE波照射时磁导率虚部; (c) TM波照射时磁导率实部; (d) TM波照射时虚部; (e) TE波照射超材料吸波体反射系数随电阻R的变化; (f) TM波照射超材料吸波体反射系数随电阻R的变化

Fig. 3. The imaginary parts and real parts of the equivalent permeability of the metamaterial and the reflection coefficient of the absorber varies with the resistor: (a) Real parts of the equivalent permeability under TE wave; (b) imaginary parts of the equivalent permeability under TE wave; (c) real parts of the equivalent permeability under TM wave; (d) imaginary parts of the equivalent permeability under TM wave; (e) the reflection coefficient of the absorber varies with the resistor under TE wave; (f) the reflection coefficient of the absorber varies with the resistor under TM wave.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 等效磁导率　(a) TE波照射; (b) TM波照射

Fig. 4. The equivalent permeability (a) TE wave; (b) TM wave.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 超材料吸波体反射系数随角度的变化　(a) TE波照射; (b) TM波照射

Fig. 5. The reflection coefficient of the absorber varies with incidence angle (a) TE wave; (b) TM wave

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 理论计算结果与TE波照射下R = 4000 Ω, C = 1.5 pF和TM波照射下R = 1200 Ω, C = 1.5 pF的仿真结果对比

Fig. 6. Comparison of theoretical results and simulation results when R = 4000 Ω, C = 1.5 pF under TE wave and R = 1200 Ω, C = 1.5 pF under TM wave.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 测量系统

Fig. 7. Measurement system.

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图 8 实物和实测场景　(a)样品; (b)测试场景

Fig. 8. Sample and Measurement scene: (a) Sample; (b) measurement scene.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 测量结果　(a) TE波照射; (b) TM波照射

Fig. 9. Measurement results: (a) TE wave; (b) TM wave.

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图 10 不同容值下的宽角吸波效果　(a) TE波照射; (b) TM波照射

Fig. 10. Performance of wide-angle absorber with different capacitance: (a) TE wave; (b) TM wave.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 频率可调超材料吸波结构

Fig. 11. Frequency-tunable metamaterial absorber.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 频率可调超材料吸波结构不同电容值下的反射系数　(a) TE波; (b) TM波

Fig. 12. Reflection coefficient of frequency-tunable metamaterial absorber with different capacitance capacitors: (a) TE wave; (b) TM wave.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 文献工作性能比较

Table 1. Performance comparison among this work and other literatures.

参考文献	中心频率/ GHz	单元尺寸	剖面高度	θ = 70°时的吸收率
[17]	9.26	0.31λ × 0.31λ	0.025λ	92%(TE)95%(TM)
[18]	11.3	0.3λ × 0.3λ	0.013λ	70%(TE)99%(TM)
[20]	5.17	0.31λ × 0.31λ	0.028λ	85%(TE)92%(TM)
[25]	3.88	0.174λ × 0.174λ	0.0134λ	68%(TE)94%(TM)
[28]	1.74	0.024λ × 0.024λ	0.011λ	93%(TM)
本文工作	1.59	0.024λ × 0.024λ	0.0148λ	91%(TE)95%(TM)

下载: 导出CSV

[1]	Landy N I, Sajuyigbe S, Mock J J, Smith D R, Padilla W J 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 207402 Google Scholar
[2]	Wang B X, Zhai X, Wang G Z, Huang W Q, Wang L L 2015 IEEE Photonics J. 7 4600108 Google Scholar
[3]	Ding F, Cui X, Ge C, Jin Y, He S L 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 103506 Google Scholar
[4]	Lin X Q, Mei P, Zhang P C, Chen Z Z D, Fan Y 2016 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 64 4910 Google Scholar
[5]	Hao J P, Lheurette E, Burgnies L, Okada E, Lippens D 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 081102 Google Scholar
[6]	Deng T W, Li Z W, Chen Z N 2017 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 65 5886 Google Scholar
[7]	Shang Y P, Shen Z X, Xiao S Q 2013 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 61 6022 Google Scholar
[8]	Rozanov K N 2000 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 48 1230 Google Scholar
[9]	Chen H T 2012 Opt. Express 20 7165 Google Scholar
[10]	顾超, 屈绍波, 裴志斌, 徐卓, 林宝勤, 周航, 柏鹏, 顾巍, 彭卫东, 马华 2011 物理学报 60 087802 Google Scholar Gu C, Qu S B, Pei Z B, Xu Z, Lin B Q, Zhou H, Bai P, Gu W, Peng W D, Ma H 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 087802 Google Scholar
[11]	程用志, 聂彦, 龚荣洲, 王鲜 2013 物理学报 62 044103 Google Scholar Chen Y Z, Nie Y, Gong R Z, Wang X 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 044103 Google Scholar
[12]	熊益军, 王岩, 王强, 王春齐, 黄小忠, 张芬, 周丁 2018 物理学报 67 084202 Google Scholar Xiong Y J, Wang Y, Wang Q, Wang C Q, Huang X Z, Zhang F, Zhou D 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 084202 Google Scholar
[13]	李宇涵, 邓联文, 罗衡, 贺龙辉, 贺君, 徐运超, 黄生祥 2019 物理学报 68 095201 Google Scholar Li YH, Deng L W, Luo H, He L H, He J, Xu Y C, Huang S X 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 095201 Google Scholar
[14]	Tao H, Bingham C M, Strikwerda A C, Pilon D, Shrekenhamer, Landy N I, Fan K, Zhang X, Padilla, Averitt 2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 241103 Google Scholar
[15]	Wang B N, Koschny T, Soukouli Costa M 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 033108 Google Scholar
[16]	Lee D, Hwang J G, Lim D, Hara T, Lim S 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 27155 Google Scholar
[17]	Nguyen T T, Lim S 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 3204 Google Scholar
[18]	Lim D, Lee D, Lim S 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 39686 Google Scholar
[19]	Wang J Y, Yang R C, Tian J P, Wei C X, Zhang W M 2018 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 17 1242 Google Scholar
[20]	Amiri M, Tofigh F, Shariati N, Lipman J, Abolhasan M 2020 Sci. Rep. 10 13638 Google Scholar
[21]	Assimonis S D, Fusco V 2019 Sci. Rep. 9 2082 Google Scholar
[22]	Huang X T, Lu C H, Rong C C, Liu M H 2018 Opt. Mater. Exp. 8 2520 Google Scholar
[23]	Singh H S 2020 Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett. 62 718 Google Scholar
[24]	Abdulkarim Y, Deng L W, Luo H, Huang S X, He L H, Han L Y, Muhammadsharif F F, Altintas O, Sabah C, Karaaslan M 2020 Bull. Mater. Sci. 43 116 Google Scholar
[25]	Ji S J, Jiang C X, Zhao J, Yang J L, Wang J L, Dai H D 2019 Curr. Appl. Phys. 19 1164 Google Scholar
[26]	Jin Y, Xiao S S, Mortensen N A, He S L 2011 Opt. Express 19 11114 Google Scholar
[27]	Feng S M, Halterman K 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86 165103 Google Scholar
[28]	Zhong S M, He S L 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 2083 Google Scholar
[29]	吴雨明, 丁霄, 王任, 王秉中 2020 物理学报 69 054202 Google Scholar Wu Y M, Ding X, Wang R, Wang B Z 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 054202 Google Scholar
[30]	Chen X D, Grzegorczyk T M, Wu B I, Pacheco J, Kong J A 2004 Phys. Rev. E 70 016608 Google Scholar

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[19]	顾超, 屈绍波, 裴志斌, 徐卓, 马华, 林宝勤, 柏鹏, 彭卫东. 一种极化不敏感和双面吸波的手性超材料吸波体. 物理学报, 2011, 60(10): 107801. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.107801
[20]	顾超, 屈绍波, 裴志斌, 徐卓, 刘嘉, 顾巍. 准全向平板超材料吸波体的设计. 物理学报, 2011, 60(3): 037801. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.037801

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