高能质子在散裂靶中的能量沉积计算与实验验证

周斌; 于全芝; 胡志良; 陈亮; 张雪荧; 梁天骄

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20201504

摘要

高能质子在散裂靶中的能量沉积是散裂靶中子学研究的重要内容之一, 准确掌握高能质子在散裂靶中引起的能量沉积分布与瞬态变化是开展散裂靶热工流体设计的重要前提. 本文采用MCNPX, PHITS与FLUKA三种蒙特卡罗模拟程序, 计算并比较了高能质子入射重金属铅靶、钨靶的能量沉积分布及不同粒子对总能量沉积的占比贡献; 针对高能质子入射金属钨靶的能量沉积实验数据空白, 采用热释光探测器阵列测量了250 MeV质子束入射厚钨靶的能量沉积分布, 实验结果表明蒙特卡罗模拟程序在散裂靶中能量沉积的计算结果具有较高的可靠性.

关键词:

Abstract

Energy deposition in spallation target induced by energetic protons is the foundation and the premise of the spallation target research. In this paper, several intra-nuclear cascade models including BERTINI, ISABEL, CEM2K and INCL4 contained in MCNPX package, together with FLUKA and PHITS Monte Carlo codes are used to calculate the energy deposition in lead (Pb) and tungsten (W) spallation target impinged by 800, 1000, and 1200 MeV protons. The contributions of different particles to the total energy deposition in the Pb target are obtained and compared with each other as well. The energy deposition distribution caused by 250 MeV protons in the W target is measured with thermoluminescence detectors (TLDs). The results indicate that the calculations from the MCNPX accord with experimental data, verifying that the Monte Carlo code has a high reliability for energy deposition simulation.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
散裂中子源科学中心, 东莞　523803

2.
中国科学院物理研究所, 北京　100190

3.
中国科学院近代物理研究所, 兰州　730000

通信作者: 于全芝, qzhyu@iphy.ac.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 91226107, 11575289)和中国科学院关键技术人才项目资助的课题

Authors and contacts

1.
Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China

2.
Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

3.
Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

Corresponding author: Yu Quan-Zhi, qzhyu@iphy.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91226107, 11575289) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Technology Talent Program

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	Wang F W, Liang T J, Yin W, Yu Q Z, He L H, Tao J Z, Zhu T, Jia X J, Zhang S Y 2013 Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 56 2410 Google Scholar
[2]	詹文龙, 徐瑚珊 2012 中国科学院院刊 27 375 Google Scholar Zhan W L, Xu H S 2012 Bul. Ch. Acad. Sci. 27 375 Google Scholar
[3]	于全芝, 殷雯, 梁天骄 2011 物理学报 60 052501 Google Scholar Yu Q Z, Yin W, Liang T J 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 052501 Google Scholar
[4]	Pelowitz D B 2005 MCNPX User’s Manual version 2.5.0 (Los Alamos: Los Alamos National Laboratory)
[5]	Tatsuhiko S, Koji N, Norihiro M, Shintaro H, Yosuke I, Shusaku N, Tatsuhiko O, Hiroshi I, Hiroshi N, Tokio F, Keisuke O, Tetsuya K, Satoshi C 2013 J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 50 913 Google Scholar
[6]	Alfredo F, Paola R S, Alberto F, Johannes R FLUKA: A Multi-particle Transport Code (Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) and European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN))
[7]	Belyakov-Bodin V I, Kazaritsky V D, Povarov A L, Chuvilo I V, Sherstnev V A 1990 Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 295 140 Google Scholar
[8]	Belyakov-Bodin V I, Andreev A M, Dubinsky V D, Kazaritsky V D, Povarov A L, Chuvilo I V, Sherstnev V A 1992 Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 314 508 Google Scholar
[9]	Belyakov-Bodin V I, Andreev A M, Dubinsky V D, Chuvilo I V, Sherstnev V A 1993 Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 335 30 Google Scholar
[10]	Belyakov-Bodin V I, Azhgirey I L, Degtyarev I I 2007 Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 572 935 Google Scholar
[11]	Bauer G S, Spitzer H, Holzen G V, Ni L, Hastings J 1998 14th Meeting of the Int. Collaboration on Advanced Neutron Sources, Uitica I L USA, June 14–19, 1998 p229
[12]	Filges D, Neef R D, Schaal H 1998 Proc. of the Fourth Workshop on Simulating Accelerator Radiation Environments, Konxville TN USA, September 14–16, 1998 p221
[13]	Tietze A 2001 Ph. D. Dissertation (Wuppertal: University of Wuppertal)
[14]	Xia J W, Zhan W L, Wei B W, Yuan Y J, Song M T, Zhang W Z, Yang X D, Yuan P, Gao D Q, Zhao H W, Yang X T, Xiao G Q, Man K T, Dang J R, Cai X H, Wang Y F, Tang J Y, Qiao W M, Rao Y N, He Y, Mao L Z, Zhou Z Z 2002 Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 488 11 Google Scholar
[15]	Detlef F, Frank G 2009 Handbook of Spallation Research: Theory, Experiments and Applications (Weinheim: WILEY-VCH)
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[17]	赵建兴, 王峰, 唐开勇, 李海俊, 刘大海, 肖无云, 崔辉 2011 核技术 34 103 Zhao J X, Wang F, Tang K Y, Li H J, Liu D H, Xiao W Y, Cui H 2011 J. Nucl. Tech. 34 103
[18]	Massillon-JL G, Gamboa-deBuen I, Brandan M E 2007 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 40 2584 Google Scholar
[19]	Bilski P, Berger T, Hajek M, Reitz G 2011 Radi Meas. 46 1728 Google Scholar
[20]	James F Z, http://www.srim.org [2009]

施引文献

图 1 (a)不同模拟程序对铅靶总能量沉积计算的对比; (b) 铅靶中能量沉积线性密度的轴向分布

Fig. 1. (a) Comparison of total energy deposition in lead target calculated by different Monte Carlo codes; (b) axial distribution of linear density of energy deposition in lead target.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 (a)不同模拟程序对钨靶总能量沉积计算的对比; (b)钨靶中能量沉积线性密度分布

Fig. 2. (a) Comparison of total energy deposition in tungsten target calculated by different Monte Carlo code; (b) axial distribution of linear density of energy deposition in tungsten target.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 质子在钨靶中的能量沉积测量示意图

Fig. 3. Schematic of the energy deposition measurement in a tungsten target incident by protons.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 第一层TLD的剂量读出值

Fig. 4. TLD dose readouts at the first layer.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 不同深度的钨靶中质子的平均能量与水等效LET值

Fig. 5. Average proton energy in the tungsten target and equivalent LET in water.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 钨靶中TLD的能量沉积测量值与计算值

Fig. 6. Energy deposition comparison between measurement and calculation of TLD in tungsten target.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 CEM2K级联模型计算质子入射铅靶产生的不同粒子对总能量沉积的占比贡献

Table 1. The calculated contribution of different particles to the total energy deposition in lead target by CEM2K-Cascade-Mode

粒子	800 MeV		1000 MeV		1200 MeV
粒子	沉积能量/MeV	对总能量沉积值的占比/%	沉积能量/MeV	对总能量沉积值的占比/%	沉积能量/MeV	对总能量沉积值的占比/%
全部粒子	497.9	100	572.0	100	648.7	100
质子	413.9	83.13	435.6	76.15	455.0	70.15
光子	47.5	9.54	74.8	13.08	104.0	16.03
π₀	0.2	0.04	0.4	0.06	0.5	0.08
带电π介子(± π)	6.6	1.33	13.7	2.39	21.9	3.37
氘	13.7	2.75	21.2	3.71	29.0	4.47
氚	5.0	1.01	8.5	1.48	12.3	1.90
氦–3	2.8	0.57	5.1	0.90	8.0	1.23
α粒子	6.1	1.23	10.1	1.77	14.6	2.26
中子	2.0	0.40	2.7	0.47	3.3	0.51
初级质子电离作用	268.8	52.73	247.9	48.63	233.1	45.72

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 BERTINI, ISABEL, CEM2K与INCL4级联模型计算1000 MeV质子入射铅靶产生的不同粒子对总能量沉积值的占比贡献

Table 2. The calculated contribution of different particles to the total energy deposition in lead target by 1000 MeV protons with BERTINI, ISABEL, CEM2K, and INCL4 cascade mode.

粒子	BERTINI		ISABEL		CEM2 K		INCL4
粒子	沉积能量/MeV	对总能量沉积值的占比/%	沉积能量/MeV	对总能量沉积值的占比/%	沉积能量/MeV	对总能量沉积值的占比/%	沉积能量/MeV	对总能量沉积值的占比/%
全部粒子	580.3	100	603.0	100	572.0	100.00	594.5	100
质子	474.0	81.67	493.0	81.76	435.6	76.15	500.6	84.20
光子	63.7	10.98	76.2	12.64	74.8	13.08	60.7	10.21
π₀	0.3	0.05	0.3	0.05	0.3	0.06	0.3	0.04
带电π介子(± π)	14.9	2.56	13.9	2.31	13.7	2.39	15.5	2.60
氘	6.4	1.10	3.7	0.62	21.2	3.71	4.0	0.67
氚	3.0	0.52	1.9	0.32	8.5	1.48	1.8	0.30
氦–3	0.4	0.06	0.1	0.02	5.1	0.90	0.2	0.03
α粒子	14.8	2.56	11.8	1.96	10.1	1.77	9.1	1.53
中子	2.9	0.49	1.9	0.32	2.7	0.47	2.5	0.42
初级质子电离作用	245.1	48.06	243.6	47.79	247.9	48.63	245.0	48.06

下载: 导出CSV

[1]	Wang F W, Liang T J, Yin W, Yu Q Z, He L H, Tao J Z, Zhu T, Jia X J, Zhang S Y 2013 Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 56 2410 Google Scholar
[2]	詹文龙, 徐瑚珊 2012 中国科学院院刊 27 375 Google Scholar Zhan W L, Xu H S 2012 Bul. Ch. Acad. Sci. 27 375 Google Scholar
[3]	于全芝, 殷雯, 梁天骄 2011 物理学报 60 052501 Google Scholar Yu Q Z, Yin W, Liang T J 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 052501 Google Scholar
[4]	Pelowitz D B 2005 MCNPX User’s Manual version 2.5.0 (Los Alamos: Los Alamos National Laboratory)
[5]	Tatsuhiko S, Koji N, Norihiro M, Shintaro H, Yosuke I, Shusaku N, Tatsuhiko O, Hiroshi I, Hiroshi N, Tokio F, Keisuke O, Tetsuya K, Satoshi C 2013 J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 50 913 Google Scholar
[6]	Alfredo F, Paola R S, Alberto F, Johannes R FLUKA: A Multi-particle Transport Code (Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) and European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN))
[7]	Belyakov-Bodin V I, Kazaritsky V D, Povarov A L, Chuvilo I V, Sherstnev V A 1990 Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 295 140 Google Scholar
[8]	Belyakov-Bodin V I, Andreev A M, Dubinsky V D, Kazaritsky V D, Povarov A L, Chuvilo I V, Sherstnev V A 1992 Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 314 508 Google Scholar
[9]	Belyakov-Bodin V I, Andreev A M, Dubinsky V D, Chuvilo I V, Sherstnev V A 1993 Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 335 30 Google Scholar
[10]	Belyakov-Bodin V I, Azhgirey I L, Degtyarev I I 2007 Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 572 935 Google Scholar
[11]	Bauer G S, Spitzer H, Holzen G V, Ni L, Hastings J 1998 14th Meeting of the Int. Collaboration on Advanced Neutron Sources, Uitica I L USA, June 14–19, 1998 p229
[12]	Filges D, Neef R D, Schaal H 1998 Proc. of the Fourth Workshop on Simulating Accelerator Radiation Environments, Konxville TN USA, September 14–16, 1998 p221
[13]	Tietze A 2001 Ph. D. Dissertation (Wuppertal: University of Wuppertal)
[14]	Xia J W, Zhan W L, Wei B W, Yuan Y J, Song M T, Zhang W Z, Yang X D, Yuan P, Gao D Q, Zhao H W, Yang X T, Xiao G Q, Man K T, Dang J R, Cai X H, Wang Y F, Tang J Y, Qiao W M, Rao Y N, He Y, Mao L Z, Zhou Z Z 2002 Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 488 11 Google Scholar
[15]	Detlef F, Frank G 2009 Handbook of Spallation Research: Theory, Experiments and Applications (Weinheim: WILEY-VCH)
[16]	奥伯霍弗, 沙尔曼著 (张彤译) 1988 应用热释光剂量学(北京: 中国计量出版社) Oberhofer M, Scharmann A (translated by Zhang T) 1988 The Applied Thermoluminescence Dosimetry (Beijing: China Metrology Press)(in Chinese)
[17]	赵建兴, 王峰, 唐开勇, 李海俊, 刘大海, 肖无云, 崔辉 2011 核技术 34 103 Zhao J X, Wang F, Tang K Y, Li H J, Liu D H, Xiao W Y, Cui H 2011 J. Nucl. Tech. 34 103
[18]	Massillon-JL G, Gamboa-deBuen I, Brandan M E 2007 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 40 2584 Google Scholar
[19]	Bilski P, Berger T, Hajek M, Reitz G 2011 Radi Meas. 46 1728 Google Scholar
[20]	James F Z, http://www.srim.org [2009]

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