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Infrared electrochromic device is a kind of device whose infrared emissivity can change reversibly under electric field excitation. This kind of device has important applications in the fields of adaptive infrared camouflage and intelligent thermal control, and has become a research frontier and hot spot in the field of infrared radiation control. In this paper, the working principle, research status and progress of infrared electrochromic devices based on metal oxides, conductive polymers, graphene and metals are summarized, and the development trend of infrared electrochromic device is analyzed.
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Keywords:
- infrared emissivity /
- dynamic regulation /
- adapted infrared camouflage /
- intelligent thermal control of spacecraft
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图 1 不同类型的WO3电致发射率动态调控器件 (a)多孔电极式[13]; (b)半导体电极式[19]; (c)金属网格电极式[18]; (d)超材料电极式[27]; (e) ITO电极式[29]
Fig. 1. Several WO3 infrared electrochromic devices: (a) Device with porous electrode[13]; (b) device with semiconductor electrode[19]; (c) device with metal grid electrode[18]; (d) device with metamaterials electrode[27]; (e) device with ITO electrode[29].
图 7 (a)多壁碳纳米管器件结构示意图[61]; (b)多壁碳纳米管微观结构示意图[61]; (c)柔性器件的红外伪装效果[61]; (d)不同掺杂程度器件的红外热图[61]
Fig. 7. (a) Structure diagram of multi-walled CNT device[61]; (b) schematic diagram of microstructure of multi-walled CNT[61]; (c) infrared camouflage effect of flexible multi-walled CNT device[61]; (d) infrared thermal maps of multi-walled CNT devices in different states[61].
图 9 (a)基于石墨烯电极的器件的结构及红外热图[70]; (b) 基于Pt电极刚性器件的工作过程及不同通电时间下的反射率曲线[71]; (c)基于Pt电极柔性器件的红外伪装效果及不同通电时间下柔性器件的反射率曲线[71]
Fig. 9. (a) Schematic diagram of device structure and thermal maps based on graphene electrode[70]; (b) diagram of working process and the reflectivity curves of rigid device based on Pt electrode at different times of energization[71]; (c) infrared camouflage effect and reflectivity curves of flexible device at different times of energization[71].
表 1 几类红外发射率动态调控器件的主要性能最优值[17,27,32,34,39,45,56,61,71]
Table 1. The optimum values of main performance of several kinds of IR emissivity adjustable devices[17,27,32,34,39,45,56,61,71].
主要性能 金属氧化物类 导电聚合物类 石墨烯类 金属类 调控量 0.800 (7—12 μm) 0.553 (8—14 μm) 0.550 (7.5—13 μm) 0.770 (8—14 μm) 响应时间/s 1.6 1.0 1$ \times $10–9 10 循环寿命/次 100000 900 3500 400 多波段兼容性 红外 可见光-红外 可见光-红外-微波 可见光-红外 工艺复杂程度 较复杂 简单 复杂 简单 制备成本 较高 较低 高 较高 -
[1] Lin S, Ai L, Zhang J, Bu T, Li H, Huang F, Zhang J, Lu Y, Song W 2019 Sol. Energy Mater Sol. Cells 203 110135
Google Scholar
[2] Kim D G, Han K I, Choi J H, Kim T K 2016 J. Mech. Sci. Technol. 30 4801
Google Scholar
[3] Hong S, Shin S, Chen R 2020 Adv. Funct. Mater. 30 1909788
Google Scholar
[4] Morin S A, Shepherd R F, Kwok S W, Stokes A A, Nemiroski A, Whitesides G M 2012 Science 337 828
Google Scholar
[5] Aliasi G, Mengali G, Quarta A A 2013 J. Guid. Control. Dynam. 36 1544
Google Scholar
[6] Tao X, Liu D Q, Yu J S, Cheng H F 2021 Adv. Optial. Mater. 9 2001847
Google Scholar
[7] Kumar S, Pickett M D, Strachan J P, Gibson G, Nishi Y, Williams R S 2013 Adv. Mater. 25 6128
Google Scholar
[8] Xu C Y, Stiubianu G T, Gorodetsky A A 2018 Mater. Sci. 359 1495
Google Scholar
[9] Leung E M, Colorado Escobar M, Stiubianu G T, Jim S R, Vyatskikh A L, Feng Z, Garner N, Patel P, Naughton K L, Follador M, Karshalev E, Trexler M D, Gorodetsky A A 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 1947
Google Scholar
[10] Xu G, Zhang L, Wang B, Chen X, Dou S, Pan M, Ren F, Li X, Li Y 2020 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 208 110356
Google Scholar
[11] Xu G, Zhang L, Wang B, Ren Z, Chen X, Dou S, Ren F, Wei H, Li X, Li Y 2020 J. Mater. Chem. C 8 13336
Google Scholar
[12] Reid C D, Mcalister E D 1959 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 49 78
Google Scholar
[13] Huchler M, Natusch A, Rothmund W 1995 25th International Conference on Environmental Systems San Diego, California July 10−13, 1995 p1203
[14] Huang Y S, Zhang Y Z, Zeng X T, Hu X F 2002 Appl. Surf. Sci. 202 104
Google Scholar
[15] Bergeron B V, White K C, Boehme J L, Gelb A H, Joshi P B 2008 J. Phys. Chem. C 112 832
Google Scholar
[16] Kislov N, Groger H, Ponnappan R, Caldwell E, Douglas D, Swanson T 2004 Space Technology and Applications International Forum {minus}. Proceedings July 25−29, 1998 p699
[17] Franke E, Neumann H, Schubert M, Trimble C L, Yan L, Woollam J A 2002 Surf. Coat. Technol. 151 285
Google Scholar
[18] Franke E B, Trimble C L, Schubert M, Woollam J A, Hale J S 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 930
Google Scholar
[19] Franke E B, Trimble C L, Hale J S, Schubert M, Woollam J A 2000 J. Phys. D 88 5777
Google Scholar
[20] Cogan S F, David R, Klein J D, Nguyen N M, Jones R B, Plante T D 1997 J. Electrochem. Soc. 144 956
Google Scholar
[21] Trimble C L, Franke E, Hale J S, Woollam J A 2000 AIP Conf. Proc. 504 797
Google Scholar
[22] Kislov N, Groger H, Ponnappan R 2003 AIP Conf. Proc. 654 172
Google Scholar
[23] Larsson A L, Niklasson G A 2004 Mater.Lett. 58 2517
Google Scholar
[24] Sauvet K, Rougier A, Sauques L 2008 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 92 209
Google Scholar
[25] Sauvet K, Sauques L, Rougier A 2010 J. Phys. Chem. Solids 71 696
Google Scholar
[26] Demiryont H 2008 SPIE 10.1117
[27] Demiryont H, Moorehead D 2009 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 93 2075
Google Scholar
[28] Cox J L, Shannon III K C, Motaghedi P, Sheets J, Groger H, Williams A 2009 Sensors and Systems for Space Applications III St. Petersburg, 2009 p7330
[29] Zhang X, Tian Y, Li W, Dou S, Wang L, Qu H, Zhao J, Li Y 2019 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 200 109916
Google Scholar
[30] Li M, Gould T, Su Z, Li S, Pan F, Zhang S 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 115 073902
Google Scholar
[31] Joshi Y, Saksena A, Hadjixenophontos E, Schneider J M, Schmitz G 2020 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12 10616
Google Scholar
[32] Mandal J, Du S, Dontigny M, Zaghib K, Yu N, Yang Y 2018 Adv. Funct. Mater. 28 1802180
Google Scholar
[33] Freeman E, Stone G, Shukla N, Paik H, Moyer J A, Cai Z, Wen H, Herbert R, Schlom D G, Gopalan V, Datta S 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 263109
Google Scholar
[34] Xiao L, Ma H, Liu J, Zhao W, Jia Y, Zhao Q, Liu K, Wu Y, Wei Y, Fan S, Jiang K 2015 Nano Lett. 15 8365
Google Scholar
[35] Zhu S S, Swager T M 1997 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119 12568
Google Scholar
[36] Hellström S, Henriksson P, Kroon R, Wang E, Andersson M R 2011 Org. Electron. 12 1406
Google Scholar
[37] Meisel T, Braun R 1992 SPIE 200 1728
Google Scholar
[38] Topart P, Hourquebie P 1999 Thin Solid Films 352 243
Google Scholar
[39] Chandrasekhar P, Zay B J, Birur G C, Rawal S, Pierson E A, Kauder L, Swanson T 2002 Adv. Funct. Mater. 12 95
Google Scholar
[40] Chandrasekhar P, Zay B J, McQueeney T, Birur G C, Sitaram V, Menon R, Coviello M, Elsenbaumer R L 2005 Synth. Met. 155 623
Google Scholar
[41] Tian Y, Zhang X, Dou S, Zhang L, Zhang H, Lv H, Wang L, Zhao J, Li Y 2017 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 170 120
Google Scholar
[42] Zhang L, Xia G, Li X, Xu G, Wang B, Li D, Gavrilyuk A, Zhao J, Li Y 2019 Synth. Met. 248 88
Google Scholar
[43] Zhang L, Wang B, Li X, Xu G, Dou S, Zhang X, Chen X, Zhao J, Zhang K, Li Y 2019 J. Phys. Chem. C 7 9878
Google Scholar
[44] Groenendaal L B, Freitag J, Pielartzik H, Reynolds J R 2000 Adv. Mater. 12 481
Google Scholar
[45] Holt A L, Wehner J G A, Hammp A, Morse D E 2010 Macromol. Chem. Phys. 211 1701
Google Scholar
[46] Kim B, Koh J K, Park J, Ahn C, Ahn J, Kim J H, Jeon S 2015 Nano Converg. 2 19
Google Scholar
[47] Brooke R, Mitraka E, Sardar S, Sandberg M, Sawatdee A, Berggren M, Crispin X, Jonsson M P 2017 J. Mater. Chem. C 5 5824
Google Scholar
[48] Petroffe G, Beouch L, Cantin S, Aubert P H, Plesse C, Dudon J P, Vidal F, Chevrot C 2018 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 177 23
Google Scholar
[49] Petroffe G, Beouch L, Cantin S, Chevrot C, Aubert P H, Dudon J P, Vidal F 2019 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 200 110035
Google Scholar
[50] Liu M, Yin X, Ulin-Avila E, Geng B, Zentgraf T, Ju L, Wang F, Zhang X 2011 Nature 474 64
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[52] Zhang B Y, Liu T, Meng B, Li X, Liang G, Hu X, Wang Q J 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 1811
Google Scholar
[53] Nair R R, Grigorenko A N, Novoselov K S, Booth T J, Stauber T, Peres N M R, Geim A K 2008 Science 320 1308
Google Scholar
[54] Brar V W, Sherrott M C, Jang M S, Kim S, Kim L, Choi M, Sweatlock L A, Atwater H A 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 7032
Google Scholar
[55] Wang Y, Liu H, Wang S, Cai M, Ma L 2019 Crystals 9 354
Google Scholar
[56] Salihoglu O, Uzlu H B, Yakar O, Aas S, Balci O, Kakenov N, Balci S, Olcum S, Suzer S, Kocabas C 2018 Nano Lett. 18 4541
Google Scholar
[57] Ergoktas M S, Bakan G, Steiner P, Bartlam C, Malevich Y, Yenigun E O, He G, Karim N, Cataldi P, Bissett M A, Kinloch I A, Novoselov K S, Kocabas C 2020 Nano Lett. 20 5346
Google Scholar
[58] Ergoktas M S, Bakan G, Kovalska E, Le Fevre L W, Fields R P, Steiner P, Yu X, Salihoglu O, Balci S, Fal’ko V I, Novoselov K S, Dryfe R A W, Kocabas C 2021 Nat. Photonics 10 1038
Google Scholar
[59] Gladush Y, Mkrtchyan A A, Kopylova D S, Ivanenko A, Nyushkov B, Kobtsev S, Kokhanovskiy A, Khegai A, Melkumov M, Burdanova M, Staniforth M, Lloyd-Hughes J, Nasibulin A G 2019 Nano Lett. 19 5836
Google Scholar
[60] Wang F, Itkis M E, Bekyarova E, Haddon R C 2013 Nat. Photonics 7 459
Google Scholar
[61] Sun Y, Chang H, Hu J, Wang Y, Weng Y, Zhang C, Niu S, Cao L, Chen Z, Guo N, Liu J, Chi J, Li G, Xiao L 2020 Adv. Optical Mater. 9 2001216
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[63] Zhang Y, Tan Y W, Stormer H L, Kim P 2005 Nature 438 201
Google Scholar
[64] Yao Y, Kats M A, Genevet P, Yu N, Song Y, Kong J, Capasso F 2013 Nano Lett. 13 1257
Google Scholar
[65] Zeng B, Huang Z, Singh A, Yao Y, Azad A K, Mohite A D, Taylor A J, Smith D R, Chen H T 2018 Light Sci. Appl. 7 51
Google Scholar
[66] Zaromb S 1962 J. Electrochem. Soc. 109 912
Google Scholar
[67] Zaromb S 1962 J. Electrochem. Soc. 109 906
Google Scholar
[68] Camlibel I, Singh S, Stocker H J, VanUitert L G, Zydzik G J 1978 Appl. Phys. Lett. 33 793
Google Scholar
[69] Barile C J, Slotcavage D J, Hou J, Strand M T, Hernandez T S, McGehee M D 2017 Joule 1 133
Google Scholar
[70] Li M Y, Liu D Q, Cheng H F, Peng L, Zu M 2020 J. Mater. Chem. C 8 8538
Google Scholar
[71] Li M Y, Liu D Q, Cheng H F, Peng L, Zu M 2021 Sci. Adv. 6 3494
Google Scholar
[72] Yin X, Chen Q, Pan N 2013 Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 46 211
Google Scholar
[73] Wu G, Yu D 2013 Prog. Org. Coat. 76 107
Google Scholar
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