太赫兹波生物效应

彭晓昱; 周欢

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20211996

摘要

太赫兹波能被生物组织中的水强烈吸收, 能与生物组织中生物大分子和这些分子间的弱相互作用产生共振, 因而太赫兹波在生物医学中有许多潜在的应用. 尽管单个太赫兹光子能量很低, 对生物组织没有电离损伤作用, 但是随着强度增大, 太赫兹波会对生物细胞和组织产生一系列生物效应. 由于太赫兹波参数和受辐照生物材料等辐照条件不同, 将导致不同的生物学效应, 包括以热效应为主和以非热效应为主导致的生物学效应. 本文讨论了这两种效应的物理机理, 介绍了适合用于生物效应研究的现今主要的强太赫兹辐射源种类, 综述了典型的太赫兹波的生物效应具体表现和已有的研究进展, 展望了太赫兹波生物效应的潜在应用以及面临的挑战.

关键词:

Abstract

There are numerous applications of terahertz (THz) waves in biomedicine due to their properties that can be absorbed strongly by water in biological systems and resonant with biological macromolecules and weak interactions among them in the biological systems. Though there is no direct ionization damage to the biological tissues due to their low photon energy, the THz waves can give rise to a series of biological effects on the biological cells and tissues with the increase of the intensity of the THz beam. Different irradiation conditions such as the different parameters of the THz waves and the different biological systems will result in different biological effects, including mainly the thermal effects and non-thermal effects. In this paper, we discuss first the physical mechanisms of these two kinds of effects, then introduce the existing main THz sources suitable for studying the biological effects, and summarize the typical biological effects in detail and the research progress in this field. Finally we prospect the potential applications and challenges of the THz wave biological effects.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

彭晓昱^1,2,
周欢^1,2,3

1.
中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院, 太赫兹技术研究中心, 重庆　400714

2.
中国科学院大学重庆学院, 重庆　400714

3.
重庆大学, 重庆　400044

通信作者: 彭晓昱, xypeng@cigit.ac.cn

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(批准号: 2017YFA0701000)和NSAF联合基金(批准号: U2030119)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Center for Terahertz Technology Research, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China

2.
Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chongqing 400714, China

3.
Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China

Corresponding author: Peng Xiao-Yu, xypeng@cigit.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0701000) and the NSAF Joint Fund, China (Grant No. U2030119).

文章全文

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施引文献

图 1 DNA/RNA其中3种碱基的太赫兹波吸收光谱^[8]　(a) 腺嘌呤; (b)鸟嘌呤 ; (c) 胞嘧啶

Fig. 1. Absorption spectra of three DNA/RNA nucleobases ^[8]: (a) Adenine; (b) Guanine; (c) Cytosine.

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图 2 肿瘤分别受频率为(a) 0.203 THz和(b) 0.107 THz的太赫兹波辐照后与对照肿瘤的生长曲线图^[19]

Fig. 2. Growth curves of the tumors after the irradiation at (a) 0.203 THz and (b) 0.107 THz compared with that of the control tumors, respectively ^[19].

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图 3 小鼠干细胞受太赫兹辐照后发生形态变化的显微镜照片　(a)对照组; (b) 宽带太赫兹波辐照2 h; (c) 宽带太赫兹波辐照9 h; (d) 单频连续波太赫兹波辐照2 h; 图(c)中的箭头表示细胞中含有大量的脂滴包涵含物 ^[43]

Fig. 3. Light microscopy image: (a) Control cultures; mouse stem cells after (b) 2 h and (c) 9 hours of pulsed broad-band irradiation; (d) mouse stem cells after 2 h of irradiation from the CW laser source. The arrows in panel (c) indicate cells with an elevated number of lipid droplets inclusions ^[43].

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图 4 PC12细胞受太赫兹波辐照10 min后纳米球的摄入情况. 共聚焦激光扫描显微图像显示受太赫兹波辐照的细胞中摄入了纳米球, 而未受辐照的对照组细胞没有摄入任何纳米球^[14]

Fig. 4. Nanosphere internalization of PC12 cells following a 10 min exposure of THz radiation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images illustrate the uptake of silica nanospheres by the THz treated cells whereas the untreated control does not exhibit any nanosphere uptake^[14].

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图 5 太赫兹波辐照效应对精子细胞内钙浓度的影响^[50]

Fig. 5. Effect of terahertz irradiation on the intracellular calcium concentration in sperm^[50].

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图 6 样品中存活细胞、早凋亡细胞、晚凋亡细胞与太赫兹波辐照时间的关系^[13]

Fig. 6. Number of live cells and cells at early and late stages of apoptosis in the sample in relation of the THz radiation exposure time^[13].

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图 7 强太赫兹脉冲诱导的人类皮肤的基因表达. 维恩图概括了EpiDermFT组织受1.0 μJ或者0.1 μJ太赫兹脉冲辐照后基因表达的变化^[57]

Fig. 7. Intense THz-pulse-induced gene expression in human skin. Venn diagrams summarizing differentially-expressed genes in EpiDermFT tissues exposed to either 1.0 μJ or 0.1 μJ THz pulses^[57].

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图 8 黑色素瘤细胞内DNA去甲基化程度随太赫兹波辐照时间的变化曲线^[63]

Fig. 8. THz demethylation dependence on exposure time in M-293T DNA^[63].

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图 9 包括太赫兹波主要生物效应的本文逻辑结构图

Fig. 9. Logical structure diagram including the main bio-effects of THz waves summarized in this paper.

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