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In recent years, due to the discoveries of hyperon spin polarization and vector meson spin alignment in relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments, the spin transports in quark-gluon matter has received intensive studies. The relativistic spin hydrodynamics is one of the important theoretical frameworks to describe the spin transports, which encodes the spin degree of freedom into a hydrodynamic theory. The relativistic spin hydrodynamics have the conservation equations for energy-momentum tensor, currents and total angular momentum. In this article, we give an overview of the recent progresses of the relativistic spin hydrodynamics. We focus on the following topics: 1) The derivation of the relativistic spin hydrodynamic equations, including the phenomenological approach, the effective theory method, and the kinetic approach, 2) Some special properties of spin hydrodynamics, especially the asymmetric energy-momentum tensor and the pseudogauge transformation, and 3) The analytical solutions to the relativistic spin hydrodynamics for systems under Bjorken and Gubser expansion.
[1] Deng W T, Huang X G 2016 Phys. Rev. C 93 064907Google Scholar
[2] Jiang Y, Lin Z W, Liao J 2016 Phys. Rev. C 94 044910Google Scholar
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[7] STAR Collaboration 2023 Nature 614 244Google Scholar
[8] ALICE Collaboration 2022 arXiv: 2204.10171
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[10] Wang X N 2023 Nucl. Sci. Technol. 34 15Google Scholar
[11] Liu Y C, Huang X G 2020 Nucl. Sci. Technol. 31 56Google Scholar
[12] Gao J H, Ma G L, Pu S, Wang Q 2020 Nucl. Sci. Technol. 31 90Google Scholar
[13] 孙旭, 周晨升, 陈金辉, 陈震宇, 马余刚, 唐爱洪, 徐庆华 2023 物理学报 72 072401
Sun X, Zhou C S, Chen J H, Chen Z Y, Ma Y G, Tang A H, Xu Q H 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 072401
[14] 高建华, 黄旭光, 梁作堂, 王群, 王新年 2023 物理学报 72 072501Google Scholar
Gao J H, Huang X G, Liang Z T, Wang Q, Wang X N 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 072501Google Scholar
[15] 江泽方, 吴祥宇, 余华清, 曹杉杉, 张本威 2023 物理学报 72 072504Google Scholar
Jiang Z F, Wu X Y, Yu H Q, Cao S S, Zhang B W 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 072504Google Scholar
[16] 赵新丽, 马国亮, 马余刚 2023 物理学报 Accepted
Zhao X L, Ma G L, Ma Y G 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. Accepted
[17] 盛欣力, 梁作堂, 王群 2023 物理学报 Accepted
Sheng X L, Liang Z T, Wang Q 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. Accepted
[18] 尹伊 2023 物理学报 Accepted
Yin Y 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. Accepted
[19] Hidaka Y, Pu S, Wang Q, Yang D L 2022 Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 127 103989Google Scholar
[20] 高建华, 盛欣力, 王群, 庄鹏飞 2023 物理学报 Accepted
Gao J H, Sheng X L, Wang Q, Zhuang P F 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. Accepted
[21] Takahashi R, Matsuo M, Ono M, et al. 2016 Nat. Phys. 12 52Google Scholar
[22] Jepsen P N, Amato-Grill J, Dimitrova I, Ho W W, Demler E, Ketterle W 2020 Nature 588 403Google Scholar
[23] Hattori K, Hongo M, Huang X G, Matsuo M, Taya H 2019 Phys. Lett. B 795 100Google Scholar
[24] Fukushima K, Pu S 2021 Phys. Lett. B 817 136346Google Scholar
[25] Israel W, Stewart J M 1979 Ann. Phys. 118 341Google Scholar
[26] Becattini F, Bucciantini L, Grossi E, Tinti L 2015 Eur. Phys. J. C 75 191Google Scholar
[27] Glorioso P, Liu H 2016 arXiv: 1612.07705
[28] Glorioso P, Crossley M, Liu H 2017 JHEP 09 096
[29] Son D T, Surowka P 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 191601Google Scholar
[30] Becattini F, Tinti L 2011 Phys. Rev. D 84 025013Google Scholar
[31] Becattini F, Tinti L 2013 Phys. Rev. D 87 025029Google Scholar
[32] Becattini F, Florkowski W, Speranza E 2019 Phys. Lett. B 789 419Google Scholar
[33] Kovtun P 2012 J. Phys. A 45 473001Google Scholar
[34] Fukuda M, Ichikawa K, Senami M, Tachibana A 2016 AIP Adv. 6 025108Google Scholar
[35] Crossley M, Glorioso P, Liu H 2017 JHEP 09 095
[36] Hongo M, Huang X G, Kaminski M, Stephanov M, Yee H U 2021 JHEP 11 150
[37] Gallegos A D, Gürsoy U, Yarom A 2021 SciPost Phys. 11 41Google Scholar
[38] Gallegos A D, Gürsoy U, Yarom A 2022 arXiv: 2203.05044
[39] Peng H H, Zhang J J, Sheng X L, Wang Q 2021 Chin. Phys. Lett. 38 116701Google Scholar
[40] Heinz U W 1983 Phys. Rev. Lett. 51 351Google Scholar
[41] Elze H T, Gyulassy M, Vasak D 1986 Nucl. Phys. B 276 706Google Scholar
[42] Vasak D, Gyulassy M, Elze H T 1987 Annals Phys. 173 462Google Scholar
[43] Sheng X L 2019 arXiv: 1912.01169
[44] Sheng X L, Wang Q, Huang X G 2020 Phys. Rev. D 102 025019Google Scholar
[45] Yang D L, Hattori K, Hidaka Y 2020 JHEP 07 070
[46] Weickgenannt N, Speranza E, Sheng X L, Wang Q, Rischke D H 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 052301Google Scholar
[47] Sheng X L, Weickgenannt N, Speranza E, Rischke D H, Wa ng Q 2021 Phys. Rev. D 104 016029Google Scholar
[48] Wang Z Y, Zhuang P F 2021 arXiv: 2105.00915
[49] Fang S, Pu S, Yang D L 2022 Phys. Rev. D 106 016002Google Scholar
[50] Gao J H, Liang Z T 2019 Phys. Rev. D 100 056021Google Scholar
[51] Weickgenannt N, Sheng X L, Speranza E, Wang Q, Rischke D H 2019 Phys. Rev. D 100 056018Google Scholar
[52] Hattori K, Hidaka Y, Yang D L 2019 Phys. Rev. D 100 096011Google Scholar
[53] Wang Z, Guo X, Shi S, Zhuang P F 2019 Phys. Rev. D 100 014015Google Scholar
[54] Liu Y C, Mameda K, Huang X G 2020 Chin. Phys. C 44 094101Google Scholar
[55] Becattini F, Chandra V, Del Zanna L, Grossi E 2013 Ann. Phys. 338 32Google Scholar
[56] Romatschke P, Romatschke U 2019 Relativistic Fluid Dynamics In and Out of Equilibrium (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
[57] Bhadury S, Florkowski W, Jaiswal A, Kumar A, Ryblewski R 2021 Phys. Rev. D 103 014030Google Scholar
[58] Wang D L, Fang S, Pu S 2021 Phys. Rev. D 104 114043Google Scholar
[59] Wang D L, Xie X Q, Fang S, Pu S 2022 Phys. Rev. D 105 114050Google Scholar
[60] Gubser S S, Yarom A 2011 Nucl. Phys. B 846 469Google Scholar
[61] Gubser S S 2010 Phys. Rev. D 82 085027Google Scholar
[62] Montenegro D, Torrieri G 2019 Phys. Rev. D 100 056011Google Scholar
[63] Montenegro D, Tinti L, Torrieri G 2017 Phys. Rev. D 96 056012AGoogle Scholar
[64] Florkowski W, Friman B, Jaiswal A, Speranza E 2018 Phys. Rev. C 97 041901Google Scholar
[65] Florkowski W, Kumar A, Ryblewski R 2019 Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 108 103709Google Scholar
[66] Li S, Yee H U 2019 Phys. Rev. D 100 056022Google Scholar
[67] Bhadury S, Florkowski W, Jaiswal A, Kumar A, Ryblewski R 2021 Phys. Lett. B 814 136096Google Scholar
[68] Montenegro D, Torrieri G 2020 Phys. Rev. D 102 036007Google Scholar
[69] Li S, Stephanov M A, Yee H U 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 082302Google Scholar
[70] Shi S, Gale C, Jeon S 2021 Phys. Rev. C 103 044906Google Scholar
[71] She D, Huang A, Hou D F, Liao J F 2022 Sci. Bull. 67 2265Google Scholar
[72] Hu J 2021 Phys. Rev. D 103 116015Google Scholar
[73] Hu J 2022 Phys. Rev. D 105 076009Google Scholar
[74] Hongo M, Huang X G, Kaminski M, Stephanov M, Yee H U 2022 JHEP 08 263
[75] Singh R, Shokri M, Mehr S M A T 2022 arXiv: 2202.11504
[76] Daher A, Das A, Florkowski W, Ryblewski R 2022 arXiv: 2202.12609
[77] Weickgenannt N, Wagner D, Speranza E, Rischke D H 2022 Phys. Rev. D 106 096014Google Scholar
[78] Bhadury S, Florkowski W, Jaiswal A, Kumar A, Ryblewski R 2022 Phys. Rev. Lett. 129 192301Google Scholar
[79] Cao Z, Hattori K, Hongo M, Huang X G, Taya H 2022 PTEP 2022 071D
[80] Liu Y C, Huang X G 2022 Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 65 272011Google Scholar
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[1] Deng W T, Huang X G 2016 Phys. Rev. C 93 064907Google Scholar
[2] Jiang Y, Lin Z W, Liao J 2016 Phys. Rev. C 94 044910Google Scholar
[3] Liang Z T, Wang X N 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 102301Google Scholar
[4] Liang Z T, Wang X N 2005 Phys. Lett. B 629 20Google Scholar
[5] Adamczyk L, Adkins J K, Agakishiev G, et al. 2017 Nature 548 62Google Scholar
[6] Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams J R, et al. 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 126 162301Google Scholar
[7] STAR Collaboration 2023 Nature 614 244Google Scholar
[8] ALICE Collaboration 2022 arXiv: 2204.10171
[9] Ma Y G 2023 Nucl. Sci. Technol. 34 16Google Scholar
[10] Wang X N 2023 Nucl. Sci. Technol. 34 15Google Scholar
[11] Liu Y C, Huang X G 2020 Nucl. Sci. Technol. 31 56Google Scholar
[12] Gao J H, Ma G L, Pu S, Wang Q 2020 Nucl. Sci. Technol. 31 90Google Scholar
[13] 孙旭, 周晨升, 陈金辉, 陈震宇, 马余刚, 唐爱洪, 徐庆华 2023 物理学报 72 072401
Sun X, Zhou C S, Chen J H, Chen Z Y, Ma Y G, Tang A H, Xu Q H 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 072401
[14] 高建华, 黄旭光, 梁作堂, 王群, 王新年 2023 物理学报 72 072501Google Scholar
Gao J H, Huang X G, Liang Z T, Wang Q, Wang X N 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 072501Google Scholar
[15] 江泽方, 吴祥宇, 余华清, 曹杉杉, 张本威 2023 物理学报 72 072504Google Scholar
Jiang Z F, Wu X Y, Yu H Q, Cao S S, Zhang B W 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 072504Google Scholar
[16] 赵新丽, 马国亮, 马余刚 2023 物理学报 Accepted
Zhao X L, Ma G L, Ma Y G 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. Accepted
[17] 盛欣力, 梁作堂, 王群 2023 物理学报 Accepted
Sheng X L, Liang Z T, Wang Q 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. Accepted
[18] 尹伊 2023 物理学报 Accepted
Yin Y 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. Accepted
[19] Hidaka Y, Pu S, Wang Q, Yang D L 2022 Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 127 103989Google Scholar
[20] 高建华, 盛欣力, 王群, 庄鹏飞 2023 物理学报 Accepted
Gao J H, Sheng X L, Wang Q, Zhuang P F 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. Accepted
[21] Takahashi R, Matsuo M, Ono M, et al. 2016 Nat. Phys. 12 52Google Scholar
[22] Jepsen P N, Amato-Grill J, Dimitrova I, Ho W W, Demler E, Ketterle W 2020 Nature 588 403Google Scholar
[23] Hattori K, Hongo M, Huang X G, Matsuo M, Taya H 2019 Phys. Lett. B 795 100Google Scholar
[24] Fukushima K, Pu S 2021 Phys. Lett. B 817 136346Google Scholar
[25] Israel W, Stewart J M 1979 Ann. Phys. 118 341Google Scholar
[26] Becattini F, Bucciantini L, Grossi E, Tinti L 2015 Eur. Phys. J. C 75 191Google Scholar
[27] Glorioso P, Liu H 2016 arXiv: 1612.07705
[28] Glorioso P, Crossley M, Liu H 2017 JHEP 09 096
[29] Son D T, Surowka P 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 191601Google Scholar
[30] Becattini F, Tinti L 2011 Phys. Rev. D 84 025013Google Scholar
[31] Becattini F, Tinti L 2013 Phys. Rev. D 87 025029Google Scholar
[32] Becattini F, Florkowski W, Speranza E 2019 Phys. Lett. B 789 419Google Scholar
[33] Kovtun P 2012 J. Phys. A 45 473001Google Scholar
[34] Fukuda M, Ichikawa K, Senami M, Tachibana A 2016 AIP Adv. 6 025108Google Scholar
[35] Crossley M, Glorioso P, Liu H 2017 JHEP 09 095
[36] Hongo M, Huang X G, Kaminski M, Stephanov M, Yee H U 2021 JHEP 11 150
[37] Gallegos A D, Gürsoy U, Yarom A 2021 SciPost Phys. 11 41Google Scholar
[38] Gallegos A D, Gürsoy U, Yarom A 2022 arXiv: 2203.05044
[39] Peng H H, Zhang J J, Sheng X L, Wang Q 2021 Chin. Phys. Lett. 38 116701Google Scholar
[40] Heinz U W 1983 Phys. Rev. Lett. 51 351Google Scholar
[41] Elze H T, Gyulassy M, Vasak D 1986 Nucl. Phys. B 276 706Google Scholar
[42] Vasak D, Gyulassy M, Elze H T 1987 Annals Phys. 173 462Google Scholar
[43] Sheng X L 2019 arXiv: 1912.01169
[44] Sheng X L, Wang Q, Huang X G 2020 Phys. Rev. D 102 025019Google Scholar
[45] Yang D L, Hattori K, Hidaka Y 2020 JHEP 07 070
[46] Weickgenannt N, Speranza E, Sheng X L, Wang Q, Rischke D H 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 052301Google Scholar
[47] Sheng X L, Weickgenannt N, Speranza E, Rischke D H, Wa ng Q 2021 Phys. Rev. D 104 016029Google Scholar
[48] Wang Z Y, Zhuang P F 2021 arXiv: 2105.00915
[49] Fang S, Pu S, Yang D L 2022 Phys. Rev. D 106 016002Google Scholar
[50] Gao J H, Liang Z T 2019 Phys. Rev. D 100 056021Google Scholar
[51] Weickgenannt N, Sheng X L, Speranza E, Wang Q, Rischke D H 2019 Phys. Rev. D 100 056018Google Scholar
[52] Hattori K, Hidaka Y, Yang D L 2019 Phys. Rev. D 100 096011Google Scholar
[53] Wang Z, Guo X, Shi S, Zhuang P F 2019 Phys. Rev. D 100 014015Google Scholar
[54] Liu Y C, Mameda K, Huang X G 2020 Chin. Phys. C 44 094101Google Scholar
[55] Becattini F, Chandra V, Del Zanna L, Grossi E 2013 Ann. Phys. 338 32Google Scholar
[56] Romatschke P, Romatschke U 2019 Relativistic Fluid Dynamics In and Out of Equilibrium (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
[57] Bhadury S, Florkowski W, Jaiswal A, Kumar A, Ryblewski R 2021 Phys. Rev. D 103 014030Google Scholar
[58] Wang D L, Fang S, Pu S 2021 Phys. Rev. D 104 114043Google Scholar
[59] Wang D L, Xie X Q, Fang S, Pu S 2022 Phys. Rev. D 105 114050Google Scholar
[60] Gubser S S, Yarom A 2011 Nucl. Phys. B 846 469Google Scholar
[61] Gubser S S 2010 Phys. Rev. D 82 085027Google Scholar
[62] Montenegro D, Torrieri G 2019 Phys. Rev. D 100 056011Google Scholar
[63] Montenegro D, Tinti L, Torrieri G 2017 Phys. Rev. D 96 056012AGoogle Scholar
[64] Florkowski W, Friman B, Jaiswal A, Speranza E 2018 Phys. Rev. C 97 041901Google Scholar
[65] Florkowski W, Kumar A, Ryblewski R 2019 Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 108 103709Google Scholar
[66] Li S, Yee H U 2019 Phys. Rev. D 100 056022Google Scholar
[67] Bhadury S, Florkowski W, Jaiswal A, Kumar A, Ryblewski R 2021 Phys. Lett. B 814 136096Google Scholar
[68] Montenegro D, Torrieri G 2020 Phys. Rev. D 102 036007Google Scholar
[69] Li S, Stephanov M A, Yee H U 2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 082302Google Scholar
[70] Shi S, Gale C, Jeon S 2021 Phys. Rev. C 103 044906Google Scholar
[71] She D, Huang A, Hou D F, Liao J F 2022 Sci. Bull. 67 2265Google Scholar
[72] Hu J 2021 Phys. Rev. D 103 116015Google Scholar
[73] Hu J 2022 Phys. Rev. D 105 076009Google Scholar
[74] Hongo M, Huang X G, Kaminski M, Stephanov M, Yee H U 2022 JHEP 08 263
[75] Singh R, Shokri M, Mehr S M A T 2022 arXiv: 2202.11504
[76] Daher A, Das A, Florkowski W, Ryblewski R 2022 arXiv: 2202.12609
[77] Weickgenannt N, Wagner D, Speranza E, Rischke D H 2022 Phys. Rev. D 106 096014Google Scholar
[78] Bhadury S, Florkowski W, Jaiswal A, Kumar A, Ryblewski R 2022 Phys. Rev. Lett. 129 192301Google Scholar
[79] Cao Z, Hattori K, Hongo M, Huang X G, Taya H 2022 PTEP 2022 071D
[80] Liu Y C, Huang X G 2022 Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 65 272011Google Scholar
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