AlGaN/GaN肖特基二极管阳极后退火界面态修复技术

武鹏; 李若晗; 张涛; 张进成; 郝跃

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20230553

摘要

AlGaN/GaN异质结构材料在较强自发极化和压电极化的作用下, 会产生高面密度和高迁移率的二维电子气, 保障了基于该异质结构的GaN肖特基二极管器件具有高输出电流密度和低导通电阻特性. 阳极作为GaN肖特基二极管的核心结构, 对器件的开启电压、反向漏电、导通电阻、击穿电压等核心参数具有重要影响. 因此, 制备低界面态密度肖特基结是实现高性能GaN肖特基二极管的前提. 本文基于低功函数金属钨阳极AlGaN/GaN肖特基二极管结构, 通过采用阳极后退火技术促进阳极金属与下方GaN材料反应成键, 有效抑制了阳极金-半界面的界面态密度, 经阳极后退火处理后, 器件阳极界面态密度由9.48×10¹⁵ eV^–1·cm^–2降低至1.77×10¹³ eV^–1·cm^–2. 得益于良好的阳极低界面态特性, 反向偏置下, 阳极隧穿路径被大幅度抑制, 器件反向漏电降低了2个数量级. 另外, 器件正向导通过程中, 载流子受界面陷阱态影响的输运机制也被抑制, 器件微分导通电阻从17.05 Ω·mm降低至12.57 Ω·mm. 实验结果表明, 阳极后退火技术可以有效抑制阳极金-半界面态密度, 大幅度提高GaN肖特基二极管的器件特性, 是制备高性能GaN肖特基二极管器件的核心关键技术.

关键词:

Abstract

Owing to the high density and high mobility of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) induced by strong spontaneous polarization and piezoelectric polarization effect, AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with high output current density and low on-resistance have proved to be a promising candidate. Anode of GaN SBD is the core structure, which affects the device performance such as turn-on voltage, reverse current, on-resistance, and breakdown voltage. Therefore, idealized Schottky junction with low interface state density is very important in achieving high-performance GaN SBD. In this work, AlGaN/GaN SBD with low work-function metal W as anode is fabricated, and the post-anode-annealing (PAA) treatment is found to be effective in promoting the bonding reaction between anode metal and GaN in the anode region. Comparing with GaN SBDs without PAA treatment, the interface state density decreases from 9.48×10¹⁵ eV^–1·cm^–2 to 1.77×10¹³ eV^–1·cm^–2 after PAA treatment. The reverse leakage current is reduced by two orders, which ascribes to the idealized anode interface with low interface state density. Meanwhile, the influence of interface state on carriers in the forward conduction process is also suppressed, and the differential on-resistance of the fabricated GaN SBDs decreases from 17.05 Ω·mm to 12.57 Ω·mm. It is obvious that the PAA process proves to be an effective method to suppress the interface states density at M/S interface, thus significantly improving the performance of GaN SBD, which is the key technology in fabricating the high-performance GaN device.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
西安电子科技大学, 宽禁带半导体器件与集成技术全国重点实验室, 西安　710071

2.
西安微电子技术研究所, 西安　710054

通信作者: 张涛, zhangtao@xidian.edu.cn ; 张进成, jchzhang@xidian.edu.cn ;

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 62104185)、国家杰出青年科学基金(批准号: 61925404)、中央高校基本科研业务费(批准号: QTZX23076)和青年人才托举工程(批准号: 2022QNRC001)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
State Key Laboratory of Wide-Bandgap Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China

2.
Xi’an Microelectrics Technology Institute, Xi’an 710054, China

Corresponding author: Zhang Tao, zhangtao@xidian.edu.cn ; Zhang Jin-Cheng, jchzhang@xidian.edu.cn ;

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62104185), the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (Grant No. 61925404), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant No. QTZX23076), and the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST, China (Grant No. 2022QNRC001).

文章全文

参考文献

[1]	Liu X K, Liu Q, Li C, Wang J F, Yu W J, Xu K, Ao J P 2017 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 56 026501 Google Scholar
[2]	Bajaj S, Akyol F, Krishnamoorthy S, Zhang Y W, Rajan S 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 133508 Google Scholar
[3]	武鹏, 张涛, 张进成, 郝跃 2022 物理学报 71 158503 Google Scholar Wu P, Zhang T, Zhang J C, Hao Y 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 158503 Google Scholar
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施引文献

图 1 平面阳极结构AlGaN/GaN SBD器件截面图

Fig. 1. Schematic cross-sectional of AlGaN/GaN SBD with planar anode.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 PAA SBD与Ref SBD器件的正向导通特性(a)和反向漏电特性(b)

Fig. 2. Forward I-V characteristics (a) and reverse I-V characteristics (b) of the fabricated PAA SBD and Ref SBD.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 对数坐标下, 器件正向特性随温度的变化　(a) PAA SBD; (b) Ref SBD

Fig. 3. Temperature-dependent forward I-V characteristics of devices in semi-log scale: (a) PAA SBD; (b) Ref SBD.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 PAA SBD和Ref SBD器件势垒高度随温度的变化

Fig. 4. Extracted Schottky barrier height of the fabricated PAA SBD and Ref SBD as a function of the measured temperature.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 不同频率下器件的电容随阳极偏压的变化　 (a) PAA SBD; (b) Ref SBD

Fig. 5. Frequency-dependent C-V curves of device: (a) PAA SBD; (b) Ref SBD.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 (a)陷阱态评估等效电路图; (b) PAA SBD和Ref SBD电导随角频率的变化

Fig. 6. (a) Equivalent circuit for the trap state evaluation; (b) frequency-dependent G/ω-ω curves of the fabricated PAA SBD and Ref SBD.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 不同频率下器件的电导随阳极偏压的变化　(a) PAA SBD; (b) Ref SBD

Fig. 7. Frequency-dependent G/ω-V curves of device: (a) PAA SBD; (b) Ref SBD.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 PAA SBD (a)和Ref SBD (b)的界面态密度随测试频率的变化

Fig. 8. Variation of N_SS as a function of the measured frequency of (a) PAA SBD and (b) Ref SBD.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 (a) PAA SBD与Ref SBD器件击穿特性; (b)器件阳极界面陷阱漏电的能带结构示意图

Fig. 9. (a) Reverse breakdown characteristics of the fabricated PAA SBD and Ref SBD; (b) energy band diagram of trap induced leakage current in anode contact.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

[1]	Liu X K, Liu Q, Li C, Wang J F, Yu W J, Xu K, Ao J P 2017 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 56 026501 Google Scholar
[2]	Bajaj S, Akyol F, Krishnamoorthy S, Zhang Y W, Rajan S 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 133508 Google Scholar
[3]	武鹏, 张涛, 张进成, 郝跃 2022 物理学报 71 158503 Google Scholar Wu P, Zhang T, Zhang J C, Hao Y 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 158503 Google Scholar
[4]	崔艺馨, 马英起, 上官士鹏, 康玄武, 刘鹏程, 韩建伟 2022 物理学报 71 136102 Google Scholar Cui Y X, Ma Y Q, Shangguan S P, Kang X W, Liu P C, Han J W 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 136102 Google Scholar
[5]	陈睿, 梁亚楠, 韩建伟, 王璇, 杨涵, 陈钱, 袁润杰, 马英起, 上官士鹏 2021 物理学报 70 116102 Google Scholar Chen R, Liang Y N, Han J W, Wang X, Yang H, Chen Q, Yuan R J, Ma Y Q, Shangguan S P 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 116102 Google Scholar
[6]	Nela L, Erp R V, Kampitsis G, Yildirim H K, Ma J, Matioli E 2021 IEEE T. Power Electr. 36 1269 Google Scholar
[7]	Nela L, Kampitsis G, Ma J, Matioli E 2020 IEEE Electron Dev. Lett. 41 99 Google Scholar
[8]	Li X D, Geens K, Guo W M, You S Z, Zhao M, Fahle D, Odnoblyudov V, Groeseneken G, Decoutere S 2019 IEEE Electron Dev. Lett. 40 1499 Google Scholar
[9]	Bahat-Treidel E, Hilt O, Zhytnytska R, Wentzel A, Meliani C, Wurfl J, Trankle G 2012 IEEE Electron Dev. Lett. 33 357 Google Scholar
[10]	Hsin Y M, Ke T Y, Lee G Y, Chyi J I, Chiu H C 2012 Phys. Status Solidi C 9 949 Google Scholar
[11]	Han S W, Yang S, Li R, Wu X K, Sheng K 2019 IEEE T. Power Electr. 34 5012 Google Scholar
[12]	Xu R, Chen P, Liu M H, Zhou J, Li Y M, Cheng K, Liu B, Chen D J, Xie Z L, Zhang R, Zheng Y D 2021 IEEE Electron Dev. Lett. 42 208 Google Scholar
[13]	Zhang T, Zhang J C, Zhou H, Wang Y, Chen T S, Zhang K, Zhang Y C, Dang K, Bian Z K, Zhang J F, Xu S R, Duan X L, Ning J, Hao Y 2019 IEEE Electron Dev. Lett. 40 1583 Google Scholar
[14]	Zhu M D, Song B, Qi M, Hu Z Y, Nomoto K, Yan X D, Cao Y, Johnson W, Kohn E, Jena D, Xing H L G 2015 IEEE Electron Dev. Lett. 36 375 Google Scholar
[15]	Tsou C W, Wei K P, Lian Y W, Hsu S S H 2016 IEEE Electron Dev. Lett. 37 70 Google Scholar
[16]	Gao J N, Jin Y F, Xie B, Wen C P, Hao Y L, Shen B, Wang M J 2018 IEEE Electron Dev. Lett. 39 859 Google Scholar
[17]	Zhang T, Zhang J C, Zhou H, Chen T S, Zhang K, Hu Z Z, Bian Z K, Dang K, Wang Y, Zhang L, Ning J, Ma P J, Hao Y 2018 IEEE Electron Dev. Lett. 39 1548 Google Scholar
[18]	Zhang T, Wang Y, Zhang Y N, Lü Y G, Ning J, Zhang Y C, Zhou H, Duan X L, Zhang J C, Hao Y 2021 IEEE Trans. Electron Dev. 68 2661 Google Scholar
[19]	Chen J B, Bian Z K, Liu Z H, Zhu D, Duan X L, Wu Y H, Jia Y Q, Ning J, Zhang J C, Hao Y 2021 J. Alloy Compd. 853 156978 Google Scholar
[20]	Du L L, Xin Q, Xu M S, Liu Y X, Mu W X, Yan S Q, Wang X Y, Xin G M, Jia Z T, Tao X T, Song A M 2019 IEEE Electron Dev. Lett. 40 451 Google Scholar
[21]	Bilkan Ç, Gümüş A, Altındal Ş 2015 Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process 39 484 Google Scholar

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AlGaN/GaN肖特基二极管阳极后退火界面态修复技术