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以轨道再入试验飞行器OREX为研究对象，采用热化学非平衡磁流体动力学模型对高超声速飞行器的表面热流进行数值模拟，分析了不同飞行工况下壁面催化条件对气动热环境影响规律，基础之上，研究了外加磁场条件对热化学非平衡流场影响机制。结果表明：再入过程中，表面热流随催化复合系数的增加呈单调递增分布，壁面催化条件显著影响MHD控制效果，总热流密度与壁面附近原子组分堆积量、扩散梯度及温度梯度密切相关。外加磁场作用下，壁面附近氧原子、氮原子组分堆积量减少；洛伦兹力导致激波脱体距离增大，组分扩散梯度、壁面温度梯度降低。磁控热防护系统“电磁冷却”能力从大到小依次为全催化、有限催化、非催化壁面。During the re-entry process of the vehicle into the atmosphere, the high-temperature environment, induced by the compression of the strong shock wave and viscous retardation, is created around the head of a vehicle. These generate a conductive plasma flow field, which provides a direct working environment for the application of magnetohydrodynaimic (MHD) control technology. Numerical simulations based on thermochemical non-equilibrium MHD model were adopted to analyze the surface heat flux of an orbital reentry experiment (OREX) vehicle. The influence of wall catalytic conditions on the aerothermal environment under different flight conditions was discussed. In addition, the control mechanism of an external magnetic field on high-temperature thermochemical non-equilibrium flow field is analyzed. Results demonstrate that the surface heat flux distributes monotonically increasing with the increase of catalytic recombination coefficient, and the surface heat flux rises and then drops with the decrease in flight altitude. Moreover, the wall catalytic properties significantly affect the efficiency of MHD control technology, and the total heat flux is closely related to the accumulation of atomic components, diffusion gradient and temperature gradient near the wall region. With an external magnetic field applied, the accumulation of oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms near the wall can be decreased. Moreover, the Lorentz force can increase the shock standoff distance, and then decrease the component diffusion gradient and wall temperature gradient. Surface heat flux MHD control capabilities under three types of wall catalytic conditions are ranked from strong to weak as full catalytic, partially catalytic and non-catalytic.
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Keywords:
- Thermochemical non-equilibrium /
- Magnetohydrodynamic /
- Catalytic effect /
- Numerical simulation
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