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平面波成像因其数据采集速度快，系统结构简单，在无损检测中得到广泛应用。但由于其采用非聚焦发射方式，声能分布分散，成像质量较差。为改善成像质量，复合平面波成像方法通过多角度平面波的相干叠加来提升成像效果，但在图像分辨率、对比度以及伪像抑制方面仍存在不足。为了提高平面波成像质量，本文提出一种基于延迟乘和的复合平面波成像方法(Coherent Plane WaveCompounding-Delay Multiply and Sum，CPWC-DMAS)。首先对多个角度的平面波信号进行相干叠加，实现多角度信息融合。然后在图像输出中引入空间相干性来提高图像质量，实现多角度复合平面波的高质量成像。最后，对钢轨与车轮构件进行实验验证，结果表明： CPWC-DMAS算法与全聚焦和复合平面波算法相比，在API性能方面提升了51.18%、50%，在CR方面提升了50.8%、46.52%，在SNR方面提升了25.14%、21.56%，提高了成像质量和分辨能力。Plane wave imaging has gained widespread application in non-destructive testing due to its fast data acquisition speed and simple system architecture. However, conventional plane wave imaging employs an unfocused transmission scheme, resulting in dispersed acoustic energy distribution, low imaging resolution, and poor image quality. While coherent plane wave compounding (CPWC) improves imaging performance through multi-angle coherent summation, it still exhibits deficiencies in image resolution, contrast, and artifact suppression when detecting defects positioned away from the acoustic axis center. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a coherent plane wave compounding with delay multiply and sum (CPWC-DMAS) method that combines multi-angle plane wave compounding with DMAS beamforming technology to enhance imaging quality and resolution capability. First, coherent summation of multi-angle plane wave signals is performed to achieve comprehensive angular information fusion, ensuring effective coverage of the detection region. Subsequently, the DMAS method is applied to perform cross-multiplication and summation of signals acquired from all angles by different array elements, exploiting the spatial coherence between received signals from different array elements to effectively enhance target echo signals while suppressing incoherent noise and reducing artifacts. Finally, to validate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method, experimental verification was conducted on defects embedded in steel rail and wheel components. The results demonstrate that compared with the total focusing method (TFM) and CPWC algorithms, the proposed CPWC-DMAS algorithm achieves significant improvements of 51.18% and 50% in array performance index (API), 50.8% and 46.52% in contrast ratio (CR), and 25.14% and 21.56% in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), respectively. In summary, the proposed CPWC-DMAS algorithm demonstrates significant advantages over traditional methods in resolution enhancement, contrast improvement, and artifact suppression, achieving high-quality imaging for multi-angle coherent plane wave compounding. This method provides a novel approach for detecting defects both near and away from the acoustic axis center, offering new insights for defect detection in complex structures with broad engineering application prospects.
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Keywords:
- ultrasound imaging /
- coherent plane wave compounding /
- delay multiply and sum /
- defect detection
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