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自旋原子团与里德堡原子系综通过位置依赖的非共振偶极交换相互作用相耦合，构成具有偶极交换诱导透明的复合量子系统。飞行自旋原子团与目标里德堡原子系综具有宏观相对运动，诱导目标里德堡原子系综产生光学非互易性。涡旋光束不仅携带轨道角动量且具有复杂的三维空间结构，其与位置依赖的相干原子系统的耦合有望展现出新颖的物理现象。本文深入探讨了受飞行自旋原子团控制的里德堡原子系综中涡旋光束非互易传播的动态调控。通过分步傅里叶传播方法，对探测光束在系综中的空间演化进行了详细分析，结果表明自旋原子团运动速度以及探测场失谐是影响涡旋光束非互易性的关键因素。通过对二者进行协同调节，可以灵活控制涡旋光束二维波阵面经非互易传输后的强度和相位分布。本研究不仅拓宽了非互易光学器件设计和优化思路，同时指出此类光学非互易调控可作为二维涡旋光束整形的潜在技术手段，其在光信息处理和量子通信等领域具有潜在应用价值。This paper investigates the dynamic control of non-reciprocal propagation for vortex beams in a Rydberg atomic ensemble mediated by flying spin atomic clusters. The system comprises a target Rydberg atomic ensemble with a five-level N-type structure and two flying spin atomic clusters moving at velocity v, coupled via position-dependent non-resonant dipole-exchange interactions to form a hybrid quantum system exhibiting dipole-exchange-induced transparency. The macroscopic relative motion between the flying spin clusters and the stationary target ensemble induces optical non-reciprocity. Utilizing the split-step Fourier propagation method combined with the superatom model, we perform numerical simulations to analyze the spatial evolution of a probe Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) vortex beam. To quantify nonreciprocity, we introduce the LG nonreciprocity index CLG, defined via the normalized mean absolute intensity difference between output spots for left and right incidence. Our findings show that the spin cluster velocity v and the probe detuning (∆p) are key parameters governing the non-reciprocal response. By tuning v and ∆p, we can flexibly manipulate both the intensity and phase profile of the transmitted two-dimensional vortex wavefront. In the presence of dipole-exchange interaction, the output spot undergoes marked stretching deformation, departing from an ideal annular shape, and its stretching direction (e.g., along x or y) can be precisely switched via parameter adjustment. Moreover, the input direction of the probe beam influences the output phase pattern, producing counterclockwise phase rotation for left incidence and clockwise rotation for right incidence. This work reveals a dynamic control mechanism for non-reciprocal propagation of structured light via macroscopic motion of spin clusters and underscores the potential of dipole-exchange-induced transparent systems for designing nonreciprocal optical devices. The results provide a theoretical foundation for optical information processing and quantum communication, and suggest a viable technique for two-dimensional vortex beam shaping with broad application prospects.
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Keywords:
- Flying Rydberg spin /
- dipole-exchange interaction /
- structured optical field /
- optical non-reciprocity
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