金属表面等离激元耦合理论研究进展

朱旭鹏; 张轼; 石惠民; 陈智全; 全军; 薛书文; 张军; 段辉高

doi:10.7498/aps.68.20191369

摘要

金属表面等离激元作为一种微纳米结构中自由电子在光场作用下的集体振荡效应, 由于其振荡电场被强烈地束缚在亚波长尺度范围内, 可以作为未来微纳米光子回路及器件的信息载体, 同时也可以在微纳米尺度上增强光与物质的相互作用. 本文首先系统地从理论上总结金属与入射电磁波相互作用时的光学行为及性质, 然后简述激发金属中不同等离激元模式的物理本质、金属表面等离激元振荡动力学过程及当前表面等离激元耦合理论的最新进展.

关键词:

Abstract

Metal surface plasmon is a collective oscillation effect of free electrons at the micro-nanostructure surface under the stimulation of incident light. Since the corresponding oscillating electric field is strongly bound below the sub-wavelength scale, it can be used as an information carrier for future micro-nano photonic circuit and device, and can also be used to enhance the interaction between light and matter on a micro-nano scale, such as surface enhanced photoluminescence, Raman scattering, nonlinear signal generation, surface enhanced catalysis, photothermal conversion, photovoltaic conversion, etc. How to theoretically understand the unique optical behavior dominated by the plasmon oscillation mode is one of the hot research spots in the field of surface plasmon photonics. In recent years, the theory of surface plasmon has been continuously improved with the support of a large number of experimental researches. In this paper, we first systematically summarize the optical behaviors and properties of metal under the excitation of incident electromagnetic waves, and then briefly describe the plasmonic modes existing in the metal and their corresponding physical natures, the oscillation dynamics process and the currently prevailing surface plasmon coupling theories. We hope that this paper can provide a theoretical basis for those researchers who have just dabbled in the field of surface plasmons and help them to master the relevant basic knowledge quickly.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
岭南师范学院物理科学与技术学院, 湛江　524048

2.
湖南大学机械与运载工程学院, 长沙　410082

3.
广州大学机械与电气工程学院, 广州　510006

通信作者: 朱旭鹏, zhuxp18@lingnan.edu.cn ; 张军, zhangjun@lingnan.edu.cn ;

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11574078, 61674073)、湖南省自然科学基金(批准号: 2015JJ1008, 2015RS4024)、广东省科技计划(批准号: 2017A050506056)、广东省重点基础与应用研究项目(批准号: 2016KZDXM021)、大学物理教学团队(批准号: 114961700249)和岭南师范学院科学研究项目(批准号: ZL1937)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Physics Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China

2.
College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China

3.
School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China

Corresponding author: Zhu Xu-Peng, zhuxp18@lingnan.edu.cn ; Zhang Jun, zhangjun@lingnan.edu.cn ;

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11574078, 61674073), the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (Grant Nos. 2015JJ1008, 2015RS4024), the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2017A050506056), the Key Basic and Applied Research Project of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2016KZDXM021), the College Physics Teaching Team (Grant No. 114961700249), and the Scientific Research Project of Lingnan Normal University, China (Grant No. ZL1937)

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施引文献

图 1 (a)传播表面等离激元示意图; (b)局域表面等离激元示意图^[35]

Fig. 1. (a) Propagating plasmon (surface plasmon polaritons); (b) localized surface plasmon^[35].

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图 2 支持SPP传输的金属-介质界面示意图

Fig. 2. Metal-medium interface that supports SPP transmission.

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图 3 (a)金属全频色散关系; (b)金属和电介质的介电常数与入射频率之间的关系(借鉴中国科学院大学董国艳老师《纳米光学》第十讲图)

Fig. 3. (a) Full frequency dispersion relation of metal materials; (b) relationship between incident frequency and dielectric constant of metal and dielectric, respectively (from the tenth lecture of 《Nano Optics》, Dong Guoyan, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

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图 4 静电场中的金属微纳米球

Fig. 4. Metal micro-nanospheres in an electrostatic field.

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图 5 (a)衰减通道示意图; (b)衰减动力学过程

Fig. 5. (a) Attenuation channels; (b) attenuation dynamics.

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图 6 (a)谐振子间耦合示意图^[73]; (b)谐振子与其镜像耦合示意图^[73]; (c)耦合的简谐振子^[74]; (d)三次谐波产生对应的等离激元非线性谐振模型^[75]

Fig. 6. (a) Inter-coupling of harmonic oscillators^[73]; (b) harmonic oscillator coupled with its mirror image^[73]; (c) two coupled harmonic oscillators^[74]; (d) a nonlinear harmonic oscillators model of the plasmon third harmonic generation^[75].

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图 7 (a)表面等离激元共振模式杂化过程图; (b)堆叠式金属带的透射光谱及表面等离激元杂化示意图^[77]; (c)单一劈裂盘阵列的透射光谱及其对应的共振模式杂化图^[10]; (d)双层月牙形结构的模式杂化^[78]; (e)杂化模式成像^[79]

Fig. 7. (a) Hybridization process between two surface plasmon resonance modes; (b) the transmission spectrum of stacked cut-wire metamaterials and its corresponding plasmon hybridization process; (c) the transmission spectra and plasmon hybridization process of single split-disk; (d) the plasmon hybridization of stacked double crescents arrays; (e) the super-resolution imaging of hybrid plasmon mode.

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图 8 (a) Simpson-Peterson模型物理量分布图; (b)不同角度的耦合及对应的消光光谱^[72]; (c)不同排布金纳米棒的耦合及潜在应用^[89]; (d)不同偶极中心偏移量下耦合能量随角度的变化曲线^[90]

Fig. 8. (a) Relationship of physical quantity in Simpson-Peterson model; (b) the coupling at different angles and their corresponding extinction spectra^[72]; (c) the coupling and potential applications of different arrangements in gold nanorods system^[89]; (d) coupling energy versus angle for different dipole center offsets^[90].

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图 9 (a)表面等离激元共振诱导Fano共振的过程示意图; (b)固体金属球的米氏散射^[96]; (c)不同结构配置的透射系数谱及标定位置对应的电场分布^[99]; (d) Fano参数与相移关系及对应的Fano响应函数^[100]

Fig. 9. (a) Process of surface plasmon resonance inducing Fano resonance; (b) Mie scattering against a solid metallic sphere^[96]; (c) the transmission coefficient spectra of different structural configurations and the electric field distribution corresponding to the calibration position^[99]; (d) Fano parameter versus phase shift and the Fano response function^[100].

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