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单斜氧化镓(β-Ga2O3)材料因其独特而优异的光电特性在日盲紫外探测领域具有广阔的应用前景, 受到国内外研究者的广泛关注. 本研究工作采用射频磁控溅射技术, 在c面蓝宝石衬底上制备了未掺杂和氮(N)掺杂β-Ga2O3薄膜, 研究了N掺杂对β-Ga2O3薄膜结构及光学特性的影响; 在此基础上, 构筑了未掺杂和N掺杂β-Ga2O3薄膜基金属-半导体-金属(metal-semiconductor-metal, MSM)型日盲紫外探测器, 并讨论了N掺杂影响器件性能的物理机制. 结果表明, N掺杂会导致β-Ga2O3薄膜表面形貌变得相对粗糙, 且会促使β-Ga2O3薄膜由直接带隙向间接带隙转变. 所有器件均表现出较高的稳定性和日盲特性, 相比之下, N掺杂β-Ga2O3薄膜器件能展现出较低的暗电流和更快的光响应速度(响应时间和恢复时间分别为40和8 ms), 与氧空位相关缺陷的抑制密切相关. 本研究对开发新型的高性能日盲紫外探测器具有一定的借鉴意义.β-Ga2O3-based deep-ultraviolet photodetector (PD) has versatile civil and military applications especially due to its inherent solar-blindness. In this work, pristine and N-doped β-Ga2O3 thin films are prepared on c-plane sapphire substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The influences of N impurity on the micromorphology, structural and optical properties of β-Ga2O3 film are investigated in detail by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectra. The introduction of N impurities not only degrades the crystal quality of β-Ga2O3 films, but also affects the surface roughness. The β-Ga2O3 films doped with N undergoes a transition from a direct optical band gap to an indirect optical band gap. Then, the resulting metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) PD is constructed. Comparing with the pure β-Ga2O3-based photodetector, the introduction of N impurities can effectively depress dark current and improve response speed of the β-Ga2O3 device. The N-doped β-Ga2O3-based photodetector achieves a dark current of 1.08 × 10–11 A and a fast response speed (rise time of 40 ms and decay time of 8 ms), which can be attributed to the decrease of oxygen vacancy related defects. This study demonstrates that the acceptor doping provides a new opportunity for producing ultraviolet photodetectors with fast response for further practical applications.
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Keywords:
- β-Ga2O3 films /
- N-doped /
- deep-ultraviolet photodetectors /
- fast response
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图 1 N掺杂β-Ga2O3薄膜的表面形貌和晶体结构 (a)—(d) SEM图; (e) XRD图谱; (f) Raman光谱
Fig. 1. Surface morphology and crystal structure of N-doped β-Ga2O3 films: (a)−(d) SEM; (e) XRD; (f) Raman spectra.
图 2 (a)不同浓度N掺杂β-Ga2O3薄膜的透射光谱; (b), (c) 在直接和间接带隙下利用Tauc公式外推光学带隙图
Fig. 2. (a) Transmission spectra of β-Ga2O3 films doped with different N concentrations; (b), (c) Tauc plots for samples under assumptions of an indirect bandgap and a direct bandgap.
图 3 (a)不同浓度N掺杂β-Ga2O3薄膜的室温光致发光谱; (b)局部放大图 (350−500 nm)
Fig. 3. (a) Room temperature PL spectra of N-doped β-Ga2O3 films; (b) local enlarged view ranging from 350 to 500 nm.
图 4 β-Ga2O3薄膜MSM型日盲紫外器件的光电特性 (a), (b) I-V特性曲线; (c), (d) 瞬态光响应特性曲线(偏压为10 V); (e), (f) 光响应时间拟合曲线
Fig. 4. Photoresponse performance of the β-Ga2O3 film MSM photodetectors: (a), (b) I-V curves of the MSM photodetector; (c), (d) transient light response characteristic curve under the bias voltage of 10 V; (e), (f) exponential fitting of a single cycle at 10 V illuminated with 254 nm light.
图 5 在254 nm光照下MSM型光电探测器的光响应能带示意图 (a)—(c)器件A; (d)—(f)器件C
Fig. 5. Schematic energy band diagrams of MSM photodetector of samples A and C under 254 nm light illumination: (a)−(c) device A; (d)−(f) device C.
表 1 不同N掺杂浓度β-Ga2O3薄膜的(–201)衍射峰和201.4 cm–1拉曼特征峰的半高宽
Table 1. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) of XRD diffraction peak and Raman peak.
Sample FWHM of (–201) peak/(°) FWHM of 201.4 cm–1
peak/cm–1A 0.38 2.6 B 0.51 3.08 C 0.39 2.9 D 0.58 3.14 
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表 2 国内外Ga2O3薄膜基光电探测器的主要性能指标对比
Table 2. Comparison of the representative photoresponse metrics based on Ga2O3 film photodetectors.
Samples Growth Idark/nA τr/s τd/s Ref. β-Ga2O3 Sputtering 0.11 (10 V) 0.31/1.52 0.05/0.91 [9] β-Ga2O3 MOCVD 34 (10 V) 7.30 8.05 [40] β-Ga2O3 PLD ~1.2 0.59/2.4 0.15/1.6 [41] a-Ga2O3 Sputtering 0.3386 (10 V) 0.41/2.04 0.02/0.35 [42] Ga2O3:Zn Sputtering 45 (10 V) 17.2/1.23 4.03/46.10 [38] Ga2O3:Zn MOCVD 23 (30 V) 3.2 1.4 [43] Ga2O3:N CVD ~0.1 (5 V) 0.01 0.01 [24] Ga2O3:Mg Sputtering 0.0041 (10 V) 0.33/8.84 0.02 [34] Ga2O3:Ce PLD — 0.87/10.81 0.54/13.98 [32] α/β-Ga2O3 Sol–gel 0.125 (15 V) 0.04/0.87 0.02/1.00 [44] β-Ga2O3 Sputtering 0.56 (10 V) 0.51/3.04 0.07/0.08 This work Ga2O3:N Sputtering 0.0108 (10 V) 0.04/2.38 0.008/0.29 This work
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[1] Pearton S J, Yang J C, Cary I V P H, Ren F, Kim J, Tadjer M J, Mastor M A 2018 Appl. Phys. Rev. 5 011301
[2] 郭道友, 李培刚, 陈政委, 吴真平, 唐为华 2019 物理学报 68 078501
Google Scholar
Guo D Y, Li P G, Chen Z W, Wu Z P, Tang W H 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 078501
Google Scholar
[3] Chen X, Ren F, Gu S, Ye J 2019 Photonics Res. 7 381
Google Scholar
[4] Xu J, Zheng W, Huang F 2019 J. Mater. Chem. C 7 8753
Google Scholar
[5] Cicek E, McClintock R, Cho C Y, Rahnema B, Razeghi M 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 191108
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[6] Kim J H, Han C Y, Lee K H, An K S, Song W, Kim J, Oh M S, Do Y R, Yang H 2014 Chem. Mater. 27 197
[7] Liao M Y, Sang L, Teraji T, Imura M, Alvarez J, Koide Y 2012 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 51 090115
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