扭转双层石墨烯物理性质、制备方法及其应用的研究进展

林奎鑫; 李多生; 叶寅; 江五贵; 叶志国; Qinghua Qin; 邹伟

doi:10.7498/aps.67.20181432

摘要

石墨烯是一种准二维蜂窝网状结构新型纳米材料，石墨烯的层数和构型对其性能产生重要影响.固体中准粒子的量子状态由其本身的对称性质所决定，扭转双层石墨烯打破了对称性，引起了强烈的层间耦合作用，改变了扭转双层石墨烯的电子能带、声子色散、形成能垒等物性，产生了独特的性能，如可以连续调控带隙0–250 meV，光电效应的响应度相比于单层石墨烯提高了80倍，因此对扭转双层石墨烯功能化研究有重大意义.本文同时还论述了扭转双层石墨烯向类金刚石转变的理论与实验研究进展，发现扭转双层石墨烯呈现出具有类金刚石结构与性能特征.进一步阐述调控扭转双层石墨烯的扭转角度对其内在性能的影响，揭示这种新型纳米结构在原子层次的行为特征.最后介绍了如何调控制备扭转双层石墨，分析其调控机理，讨论了各种制备工艺的不足与发展趋势.因此本文从扭转双层石墨烯的输运性质、晶体结构转变、制备三个方面展开阐述，并对其在先进电子器件领域的潜在应用进行了展望.

关键词:

Abstract

Graphene is a novel quasi-two-dimensional honeycomb nanomaterial. It exhibits excellent properties and modification options, and the layer-number and configuration of graphene have an important influence on its performance. The quantum state of a quasi-particle in a solid is determined by its own symmetrical nature. The twisted bilayer graphene breaks the symmetry and produces a long-period Moiré pattern due to the slight misalignment between the honeycomb lattices of each layer, which leads to a strong coupling between the layers, and thus changing some physical properties of graphene such as electronic energy band, phonon dispersion, and energy barrier and presents unique performance. For example, the superconductor phase transition can be excited by the gate voltage. The band gap can be continuously controlled in a range of 0-250 meV, and the responsiveness of the photoelectric effect is 80 times higher than that of the single-layer graphene. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the functionalization of twisted bilayer graphene. At the same time, the theoretical and experimental research progress of the transformation of the twisted bilayer layered graphene into the diamond-like carbon is also discussed, which presents the structure and performance of diamond-like carbon. It is found that hydrogenated twisted bilayer graphene bonds between layers and forms sp³ hybrid bonds, which transforms into a diamond-like structure. The number and distribution of sp³ hybrid bonds have an important influence on its performance. The twist angle of twisted bilayer graphene affects its phase transition structure and energy barrier. The effect of the twist angle of the twisted bilayer graphene on its intrinsic properties is further evaluated and reveals the behavioral characteristics of this novel nanomaterial. The unique properties of twisted bilayer graphene give rise to a wide range of applications. It is the key to the application of twisted bilayer graphene with a large area, high quality and controlled twist angle. The mechanical exfoliation method can prepare angle-controlled twisted bilayer graphene, but there are problems such as low efficiency and inability to prepare large-area twisted bilayer graphene. The large-area twisted bilayer graphene can be prepared directly by epitaxial growth and chemical vapor deposition methods, but the twist angle cannot be precisely controlled.
Finally, we mention how to control the preparation of twisted bilayer graphene, analyze its regulation mechanism, and discuss the shortcomings and development trends of those processes. Therefore, in this paper, the three aspects of the transport properties, crystal structure transformation and preparation of twisted bilayer graphene are expounded, and its potential application in the field of advanced electronic devices is also prospected.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1. 南昌航空大学材料科学与工程学院, 南昌 330063;

2. 南昌航空大学航空制造与工程学院, 南昌 330063;

3. Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（批准号：51562027，11772145）、江西省优势科技创新团队计划（批准号：20181BCB24007）、江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目（批准号：GJJ170586）、和江苏省精密与微细制造技术重点实验室开放基金（批准号：JKL2015001）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China;

2. School of Aeronautical Manufacturing and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China;

3. Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51562027, 11772145), the Advantage Technology Innovation Team of Jiangxi Province, China (Grant No. 20181BCB24007), the Technology Project of Department of Education of Jiangxi Province, China (Grant No. GJJ170586), and the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Precision and Micro Manufacturing Technology Foundation, China (Grant No. JKL2015001).

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施引文献

[1]	Li D S, Ye Y, Liao X J, Qin Q H 2018 Nano Res. 11 1642
[2]	Li D S, Zuo D W, Xiang B K, Chen R F, Lu W Z, W M 2008 Solid State Ion. 179 1263
[3]	Kroto H W, Heath J R, O'Brien S C, Curl R F, Smalley R E 1985 Nature 318 162
[4]	Iijima S 1991 Nature 354 56
[5]	Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D A, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666
[6]	Novoselov K S, Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Morozov S V, Stormer H L, Zeitler U, Geim A K 2007 Science 315 1379
[7]	Qiao Z, Ren W, Chen H, Bellaiche L, Zhang Z, MacDonald A H, Niu Q 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 116404
[8]	Peng Y, Lu B, Chen S https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/adma.201801995 [2018-9-17]
[9]	Ding R, Li W H, Wang X, Gui T J, Li B J, Han P, Tian H W, Liu A, Wang X, Liu X J, Gao X, Wang W, Song L Y 2018 J. Alloy. Compd. 764 1039
[10]	Dai S, Xiang Y, Srolovitz D J 2016 Nano Lett. 16 5923
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[13]	Haering R R 1958 Can. J. Phys. 36 352
[14]	Gao Y, Cao T, Cellini F, Berger C, de Heer W A, Tosatti E, Bongiorno A 2018 Nature Nanotech. 13 133
[15]	Liu M, Artyukhov V I, Lee H, Xu F, Yakobson B I 2013 ACS Nano 7 10075
[16]	Martins L G P, Matos M J, Paschoal A R, Freire P T, Andrade N F, Aguiar A L, Kong J, Neves Bernardo R A, Oliveira do A B, Souza Filho A G 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 96
[17]	Manaf M N, Santoso I, Hermanto A 2015 The 5th International Conference on Mathematics and Natural Sciences Bandung, Indonesia, Novembe 2–3, 2014 p070004
[18]	Cao Y, Fatemi V, Fang S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kaxiras E, Jarillo-Herrero P 2018 Nature 556 43
[19]	Cao Y, Fatemi V, Demir A, Fang S, Tomarken S L, Luo J Y, Ashoori R C 2018 Nature 556 80
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[23]	Roy B, Juricic 2018 arXiv: 1803.11190v2 [cond-mat.mes-hall]
[24]	González J, Stauber T 2018 arXiv: 1807.01275v1 [cond-mat.mes-hall]
[25]	Po H C, Zou L, Vishwanath A, Senthil T 2018 arXiv: 1803.09742v2 [cond-mat.str-el]
[26]	Lian B, Wang Z, Bernevig B A 2018 arXiv: 1807.04382v2 [cond-mat.mes-hall]
[27]	Wang Y, Ni Z, Liu L, Liu Y, Cong C, Yu T, Shen Z 2010 ACS Nano 4 4074
[28]	Moon P, Koshino M 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 205404
[29]	Yin J, Wang H, Peng H, Tan Z, Liao L, Lin L, Liu Z 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 10699
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[32]	Muniz A R, Maroudas D 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86 075404
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[34]	Coletti C, Riedl C, Lee D S, Krauss B, Patthey L, von Klitzing K, Starke U 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 235401
[35]	Varykhalov A, Scholz M R, Kim T K, Rader O 2010 Phys. Rev. B 82 121101
[36]	Zhang Y, Tang T T, Girit C, Hao Z, Martin M C, Zettl A, Wang F 2009 Nature 459 820
[37]	Sboychakov A O, Rozhkov A V, Rakhmanov A L, Nori F 2017 arXiv:1707.08886v1 [cond-mat.str-el]
[38]	Li H, Ying H, Chen X, Nika D L, Cocemasov A I, Cai W, Chen S 2014 Nanoscale 6 13402
[39]	Cocemasov A I, Nika D L, Balandin A A 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 035428
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[41]	Limbu T B, Hahn K R, Mendoza F, Sahoo S, Razink J J, Katiyar R S, Weiner B R, Morell G 2017 Carbon 117 367
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[44]	Zhang Y, Tan Y W, Stormer H L, Kim P 2005 Nature 438 201
[45]	Lee D S, Riedl C, Beringer T, Neto A C, von Klitzing K, Starke U, Smet J H 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 216602
[46]	Moon P, Koshino M 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 195458
[47]	Löfwander T, San-Jose P, Prada E 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 205429
[48]	Marchenko D, Varykhalov A, Scholz M R, Bihlmayer G, Rashba E I, Rybkin A, Rader O 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 1232
[49]	Vlassiouk I, Regmi M, Fulvio P, Dai S, Datskos P, Eres G, Smirnov S 2011 ACS Nano 5 6069
[50]	Kawarada H 1996 Surf. Sci. Rep. 26 205
[51]	Harpale A, Chew H B 2017 Carbon 117 82
[52]	Boukhvalov D W, Katsnelson M I, Lichtenstein A I 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 035427
[53]	Frenklach M 1989 J. Appl. Phys. 65 5142
[54]	Sofo J O, Chaudhari A S, Barber G D 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 153401
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[56]	Zhu L, Hu H, Chen Q, Wang S, Wang J, Ding F 2011 Nanotechnology 22 185202
[57]	Ao Z M, Hernández-Nieves A D, Peeters F M, Li S 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 233109
[58]	Luo Z, Yu T, Kim K J, Ni Z, You Y, Lim S, Lin J 2009 ACS Nano 3 1781
[59]	Zhou J, Wang Q, Sun Q, Chen X S, Kawazoe Y, Jena P 2009 Nano Lett. 9 3867
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[63]	Shallcross S, Sharma S, Pankratov O A 2008 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 20 454224
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[65]	Zhang Y Y, Wang C M, Cheng Y, Xiang Y 2011 Carbon 49 4511
[66]	Machado A S, Maroudas D, Muniz A R 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 013113
[67]	Muniz A R, Machado A S, Maroudas D 2015 Carbon 81 663
[68]	Kim K, Yankowitz M, Fallahazad B, Kang S, Movva H C, Huang S, Banerjee S K 2016 Nano Lett. 16 1989
[69]	Cao Y, Luo J Y, Fatemi V, Fang S, Sanchez-Yamagishi J D, Watanabe K, Jarillo-Herrero P 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 116804
[70]	Kim K, DaSilva A, Huang S, Fallahazad B, Larentis S, Taniguchi T, Tutuc E 2017 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 114 3364
[71]	Riedl C, Coletti C, Starke U 2010 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 43 374009
[72]	Emtsev K V, Bostwick A, Horn K, Jobst J, Kellogg G L, Ley L, Rotenberg E 2009 Nat. Mater. 8 203
[73]	Al-Temimy A, Riedl C, Starke U 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 231907
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