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## Characteristics and control of fiber ring resonator

Song Li-Jun, Zhang Peng-Fei, Wang Xin, Wang Chen-Xi, Li Gang, Zhang Tian-Cai
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• #### 摘要

基于可调分束比的光纤分束器, 制作了光纤环形谐振腔并通过调节分束比实现了对光纤环形谐振腔的欠耦合、临界耦合和过耦合的状态控制. 实验测量了腔最小反射率与腔损耗之间的关系, 获得光纤环形谐振腔的腔内衰减率为${\kappa _0}{\rm{ = }}2{\text{π}} \times \left( {1.60 \pm 0.03} \right)\;{\rm{ MHz}}$, 品质因子为$Q = \left( {1.10 \pm 0.02} \right) \times {10.8}$. 在此基础上, 结合了压电陶瓷拉伸光纤以控制腔长和Pound-Drever-Hall锁频两大技术优势, 克服了之前温度反馈控制等方法的反馈带宽窄、噪声大和稳定性差等问题, 实现了对光纤环形谐振腔共振频率的快速、灵敏的控制和锁定. 结果表明, 锁频过程中相位调制功率与相位调制引起腔反射光的强度调制之间的关系为线性关系, 进而通过降低相位调制信号的功率以减小相位调制对腔反射光强度调制的影响. 当调制功率设定最低为–9 dBm时, 光纤环形谐振腔仍能被稳定锁定. 该光纤环形谐振腔为其与原子、金刚石色心等发光粒子相互作用的腔量子电动力学实验研究奠定了坚实的基础.

#### Abstract

Optical resonators play an active role in fundamental research and applications in atomic fine spectra, laser generation, precision measurements, and quantum information processing because of their high-resolution spectra and strong optical field enhancement. The fiber ring resonators, as a derivative of the resonant resonators, have the advantages of simple structure, small size, stable performance and easy integration. The fiber ring resonators are widely used in fiber lasers, optical communication devices, optical fiber sensing, etc. In this paper, we demonstrate the characteristics of a fiber ring resonator based on a tunable fiber beam splitter experimentally. Control of under-coupling, critical coupling and over-coupling state of the fiber ring resonator can be achieved by adjusting the splitting ratio of the tunable fiber beam splitter. The relationship between the minimum resonator reflectance and resonator loss is given. The intrinsic decay rate of the fiber ring resonator is ${\kappa _0}{\rm{ = }}2{\text{π}} \times \left( {1.60 \pm 0.03} \right)\;{\rm{ MHz}}$, and the quality factor is $Q = \left( {1.10 \pm 0.02} \right) \times {10.8}$. The resonance frequency of the fiber ring resonator is controlled by stretching the fiber. The fiber resonator is kept straight and fixed on a self-made U-shaped holder by gluing two points. A piezoelectric transducer is used to change the distance between the two glued points. The fiber ring resonator length is changed and controlled when the fiber is stretched. The Pound-Drever-Hall technique is used to lock the resonator to resonance with the laser. The phase of the laser beam is modulated by using an electro-optical modulator, and two sidebands of the laser frequency are generated. Due to the phase sensitivity of the fiber resonator, the reflected light of the fiber resonator with an intensity modulation is observed when the fiber ring resonator is locked. The intensity modulation is caused by the interference between the resonance frequency and the sidebands of the fiber ring resonator. The reflected spectrum of the fiber ring resonator carries the same-frequency modulation as the phase modulation. This is a disadvantage for the usage of the fiber ring resonator. Thus, we reduce the phase modulation power to reduce the intensity modulation of the resonator reflectance. The linear relationship between the phase modulation power and the intensity modulation of the resonator reflectance caused by the phase modulation is obtained. The fiber ring resonator can be locked when the phase modulation power decreases to –9 dBm. The fiber ring resonator has laid a solid experimental foundation for experimental research on the interaction between the fiber ring resonator and quantum emitters such as atoms and color centers in diamond.

#### 作者及机构信息

###### 通信作者: 张鹏飞, zhangpengfei@sxu.edu.cn ; 张天才, tczhang@sxu.edu.cn
• 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11574187, 11634008, 11674203, 61227902)和山西省“1331工程”重点学科建设计划资助的课题.

#### Authors and contacts

###### Corresponding author: Zhang Peng-Fei, zhangpengfei@sxu.edu.cn ; Zhang Tian-Cai, tczhang@sxu.edu.cn
• Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos. 11574187, 11634008, 11674203, 61227902) and Shanxi Province “1331 Project” Key Discipline Construction Plan.

#### 施引文献

• 图 1  (a) 光纤环形谐振腔及其光谱测量实验装置; (b)光纤拉伸支架

Fig. 1.  (a) Fiber ring resonator and spectrum experiment device; (b) fiber tensile holder.

图 2  PDH锁定实验装置示意图

Fig. 2.  Schematic of PDH stabilization experiment device.

图 3  可调谐分束器的分束比与旋钮旋转角度关系

Fig. 3.  Splitting ratio as a function of angle of knob of fiber splitter.

图 4  (a) 不同耦合态下的光纤环形谐振腔反射谱; (b) 最低反射率T随总衰减率κ的关系

Fig. 4.  (a) Fiber ring resonator reflectance spectra with different coupling states; (b) minimum reflectance T as a function of κ.

图 5  相位调制功率为12 dBm (a)和–9 dBm(b)的锁定结果

Fig. 5.  Locking results when modulation power of phase is 12 dBm (a) and –9 dBm(b).

图 6  (a)腔反射信号的频谱分析; (b)腔反射最大调制强度与无调制时的比值随相位调制功率的变化

Fig. 6.  (a) Frequency spectra analysis of resonator reflectance; (b) power ratio of resonator reflectance modulated at maximum intensity and without modulation as a function of phase modulation power.

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##### 出版历程
• 收稿日期:  2018-12-29
• 修回日期:  2019-02-04
• 上网日期:  2019-04-01
• 刊出日期:  2019-04-05

## 光纤环形谐振腔的频率锁定及其特性

• 1. 山西大学光电研究所, 量子光学与光量子器件国家重点实验室, 太原　030006
• 2. 山西大学, 极端光学协同创新中心, 太原　030006
• ###### 通信作者: 张鹏飞, zhangpengfei@sxu.edu.cn ; 张天才, tczhang@sxu.edu.cn
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11574187, 11634008, 11674203, 61227902)和山西省“1331工程”重点学科建设计划资助的课题.

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