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基于压电材料的薄膜声学超材料隔声性能研究

贺子厚 赵静波 姚宏 蒋娟娜 陈鑫

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基于压电材料的薄膜声学超材料隔声性能研究

贺子厚, 赵静波, 姚宏, 蒋娟娜, 陈鑫

Sound insulation performance of thin-film acoustic metamaterials based on piezoelectric materials

He Zi-Hou, Zhao Jing-Bo, Yao Hong, Jiang Juan-Na, Chen Xin
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  • 针对低频噪声的隔离问题, 设计了一种基于压电材料的可调控薄膜声学超材料, 该材料由压电质量块嵌入弹性薄膜制成. 建立了材料的有限元分析模型, 并且计算了材料的各阶特征频率与20—1200 Hz频段的传输损失曲线, 并通过实验验证了有限元计算的真实性. 计算结果表明: 此声学超材料在20—1200 Hz频段内隔声性能良好, 存在两个50 dB以上的隔声峰与一个可调式的隔声峰. 通过分析简单结构的首阶共振模态并构建其等效模型, 从理论上探究了结构参数对薄膜声学超材料隔声性能的影响, 并通过有限元计算验证了其等效模型的正确性; 综合分析材料的特征频率与传输损失曲线, 进一步讨论了结构的隔声机理, 分析结果表明, 在特征频率处, 薄膜的“拍动”会导致声波在其后的传播过程中干涉相消, 实现声波的衰减; 通过Fano共振理论, 探究了各共振点处传输损失曲线特征不同的原因; 压电质量块与外接电路组成LC振荡电路, 在电路的共振频率处, 压电材料的振动可以吸收声波的能量从而造成一个隔声峰, 同时可以改变外接电路的参数来调整电路的共振频率, 从而实现对隔声性能的调控. 最后, 探究了压电质量块偏心量对材料性能的影响, 并通过有限元计算验证了材料隔声性能的可调性. 研究结果为可调式薄膜声学超材料的设计提供了理论参考.
    Aiming at the isolation of low-frequency sound, a kind of thin-film acoustic metamaterialis designed and obtained by implanting PZT into thin film. The finite element method (FEM) of the structure is built, and 1st–14th order eigenfrequencies and transmission loss between 20–1200 Hz are calculated. The reliability of finite element calculation is verified experimentally and the existence of adjustable sound insulation peak is monitored in the experiment. The results show that the acoustic metamaterial has good sound insulation performance in a frequency range between 20 and 1200 Hz, and has two sound insulation peaks of more than 50 dB, and there is a sound insulation peak which can be changed by adjusting the parameters of the outer circuit. By analyzing the first resonance mode of simple structure and building its equivalent model, the effect of structural parameter on the sound insulation performance of thin film acoustic metamaterial is investigated theoretically, and the rationality of the equivalent model is verified by the finite element calculation. The sound insulation mechanism of the structure is further illustrated by taking into consideration the eigenfrequencies, transmission loss curve and vibration mode diagrams at various frequencies. It is found that at the resonance frequency, the flapping motion of the film will cause the sound wave in the subsequent propagation to cancell the interference, therefore realizing the attenuation of the sound wave. Based on Fano resonance theory, the reasons for the different characteristics of transmission loss curves at different resonance points are investigated. The PZT and outer circuit can form a LC oscillator. At the resonant frequency of the oscillator, the vibration of the piezoelectric material can absorb the energy of sound wave to cause a sound insolation peak. The resonant frequency of the circuit can be adjusted by changing the parameters of the outer circuit, thereby realizing the adjustability of the sound insulation performance. The influence of eccentricity of piezoelectric mass block on sound insulation performance of material is explored, proving that the sound insulation performance can be further optimized by improving structure. And through the finite element calculation, it is proved that the sound insulation performance of material is adjustable by changing the parameters of the outer circuit. The results provide a theoretical reference for designing the thin film acoustic metamaterials.
      通信作者: 赵静波, chjzjb@163.com
    • 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11504429)资助的课题.
      Corresponding author: Zhao Jing-Bo, chjzjb@163.com
    • Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11504429).
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    Zhang S, Guo S X, Yao H, Zhao J B, Jiang J N, He Z H 2018 Piezoelectr. Acoustoopt. 40 754Google Scholar

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    Mei J, Ma G C, Yang M, Yang Z Y, Wen W J, Shen P 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 756Google Scholar

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    梅军, 马冠聪, 杨旻 2012 物理 41 425Google Scholar

    Mei J, Ma G C, Yang M 2012 Physics 41 425Google Scholar

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    Chen Y, Huang G, Zhou X, Hu G, Sun C 2014 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 136 969Google Scholar

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    Langfeldt F, Gleine W, von Estorff O 2015 JSV 349 315Google Scholar

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    张佳龙, 姚宏, 杜军, 赵静波, 董亚科, 祁鹏山 2016 人工晶体学报 45 2549Google Scholar

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    Zhou Y, Wu W G, Wen Y F 2017 Tech. Acoust. 36 297

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    邢拓, 李贤徽, 盖晓玲, 张斌, 谢鹏 2016 声学技术 35 2

    Xing T, Li X H, Gai X L, Zhang B, Xie P 2016 Tech. Acoust. 35 2

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    Zhang Y, Wen J 2012 JASA 131 3372

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    Preumont A 2011 Vibration Control of Active Structures (Berlin: Springer) pp21–59

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    Chen S B, Wen J H, Yu D L, Wang G, Wen X 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 014301Google Scholar

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    Zhang H, Wen J, Xiao Y, Wang G, Wen X 2015 JSV 343 104Google Scholar

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    董亚科, 姚宏, 杜军, 赵静波, 姜久龙 2018 压电与声光 40 860Google Scholar

    Dong Y K, Yao H, Du J, Zhao J B, Jiang J L 2018 Piezoelectr. Acoustoopt. 40 860Google Scholar

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    Chen S B 2014 Ph. D. Dissertation (Changsha: National University of Defense Technology)(in Chinese)

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    Wang C H, Zhao Z Y 1981 Acta Acust. 4 263

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    贺子厚, 赵静波, 姚宏, 蒋娟娜, 张帅 2019 压电与声光 41 40Google Scholar

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  • 图 1  材料结构 (a)结构示意图; (b)结构参数

    Fig. 1.  Material structure: (a) Structural sketch; (b) structure parameter.

    图 2  腔体结构

    Fig. 2.  Cavity structure.

    图 3  传输损失曲线

    Fig. 3.  Transmission loss curve.

    图 4  实验示意图 (a)样件结构; (b)实验装置; (c)样件实物图

    Fig. 4.  Experimental schematic diagram: (a) Sample structure; (b) experimental facility; (c) physical samples.

    图 5  大电感 (a)电路图; (b)实物图

    Fig. 5.  Large inductance: (a) Circuit diagram; (b) physical diagram.

    图 6  传输损失曲线

    Fig. 6.  Transmission loss curve.

    图 7  简化结构示意图

    Fig. 7.  Simplified structure sketch.

    图 8  贝塞尔函数曲线

    Fig. 8.  Bessel function curve.

    图 9  等效模型示意图

    Fig. 9.  Schematic diagram of equivalent model.

    图 10  首阶特征频率

    Fig. 10.  First natural frequency.

    图 11  消声原理图

    Fig. 11.  Anechoic schematic diagram.

    图 12  隔声峰处的振动模式图 (a) 185 Hz; (b) 485.6 Hz; (c) 896 Hz

    Fig. 12.  Vibration mode diagram at sound insulation peak: (a) 185 Hz; (b) 485.6 Hz; (c) 969 Hz.

    图 13  隔声谷处的振动模式图 (a) 115 Hz; (b) 457Hz

    Fig. 13.  Vibration mode diagram at sound insulation peak: (a) 115 Hz; (b) 457Hz.

    图 14  隔声谷与传输损失突变处的振动模式图 (a) 687 Hz; (b) 969 Hz; (c) 1129 Hz; (d) 1136 Hz

    Fig. 14.  Vibration mode diagram at TL peak and TL sudden change: (a) 687 Hz; (b) 969 Hz; (c) 1129 Hz; (d) 1136 Hz

    图 15  传输损失突变处的振动模式图 (a) 229 Hz; (b) 235 Hz

    Fig. 15.  Vibration mode diagram at TL sudden change: (a) 229 Hz; (b) 235 Hz.

    图 16  Fano共振

    Fig. 16.  Fano resonance.

    图 17  传输损失曲线m = 0.001, 0.004, 0.006 m

    Fig. 17.  TL curve m = 0.001, 0.004, 0.006 m.

    图 18  特征频率

    Fig. 18.  Eigen frequencies.

    图 19  第五阶共振模态 (a) m = 0.002 m; (b) m = 0.004 m; (c) m = 0.006 m

    Fig. 19.  Fifth order vibration: (a) m = 0.002 m; (b) m = 0.004 m; (c) m = 0.006 m.

    图 20  电路参数不同时隔声量的变化 (a)不同电阻; (b)不同电感

    Fig. 20.  TL with different circuit parameters: (a) Different resistors; (b) different inductances.

    表 1  压电材料参数

    Table 1.  Piezoelectric material parameters.

    ρ/kg·m–3$s_{11}^{\rm{E}}/{{\rm{m}}^3} \cdot {{\rm{N}}^{ - 1}}$d31/C·m–2$\varepsilon _{33}^{\rm{T}}/{\rm{F}} \cdot {{\rm{m}}^{ - 1}}$
    75001.65 × 10–11–2.74 × 10–103.01 × 10–8
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 2  材料参数

    Table 2.  Material parameters.

    Materialρ/kg·m–3E/1010 PaPossion rate
    Silastic13001.175 × 10–50.469
    Steel778021.060.3
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 3  模态图

    Table 3.  Modal diagram.

    阶数频率/Hz模态图阶数频率/Hz模态图
    1111.778689.74
    2135.849793.01
    3147.6710835.10
    4185.6311842.97
    5201.6512945.92
    6231.2113981.43
    7458.62141148.40
    下载: 导出CSV
  • [1]

    邓吉宏, 王柯, 陈国平 2008 航空学报 29 1581Google Scholar

    Deng J H, Wang K, Chen G P 2008 Acta Aeronaut. Astronaut. Sin. 29 1581Google Scholar

    [2]

    Bolton J S, Shiau N M, Kang Y 1996 JSV 191 317Google Scholar

    [3]

    Liu Z, Zhang X X, Chan C T, Sheng P 2000 Science 289 1734Google Scholar

    [4]

    张思文, 吴九汇 2013 物理学报 62 134302Google Scholar

    Zhang S W, Wu J H 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 134302Google Scholar

    [5]

    张帅, 郭书祥, 姚宏, 赵静波, 蒋娟娜, 贺子厚 2018 压电与声光 40 754Google Scholar

    Zhang S, Guo S X, Yao H, Zhao J B, Jiang J N, He Z H 2018 Piezoelectr. Acoustoopt. 40 754Google Scholar

    [6]

    赵甜甜, 林书玉, 段祎林 2018 物理学报 67 224207Google Scholar

    Zhao T T, Lin S Y, Duan W L 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 224207Google Scholar

    [7]

    王莎, 林书玉 2019 物理学报 68 024303

    Wang S, Lin S Y 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 024303

    [8]

    张振方, 郁殿龙, 刘江伟, 温激鸿 2018 物理学报 67 074301Google Scholar

    Zhang Z F, Yu D L, Liu J W, Wen J H 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 074301Google Scholar

    [9]

    杜春阳, 郁殿龙, 刘江伟, 温激鸿 2017 物理学报 66 140701Google Scholar

    Du C Y, Yu D L, Liu J W, Wen J H 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 140701Google Scholar

    [10]

    Mei J, Yang M, Yang Z Y, Chan N H, Shen P 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 204301

    [11]

    Mei J, Ma G C, Yang M, Yang Z Y, Wen W J, Shen P 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 756Google Scholar

    [12]

    梅军, 马冠聪, 杨旻 2012 物理 41 425Google Scholar

    Mei J, Ma G C, Yang M 2012 Physics 41 425Google Scholar

    [13]

    Chen Y, Huang G, Zhou X, Hu G, Sun C 2014 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 136 969Google Scholar

    [14]

    Langfeldt F, Gleine W, von Estorff O 2015 JSV 349 315Google Scholar

    [15]

    张佳龙, 姚宏, 杜军, 赵静波, 董亚科, 祁鹏山 2016 人工晶体学报 45 2549Google Scholar

    Zhang J L, Yao H, Du J, Zhao J B, Dong Y K, Qi P S 2016 J. Synth. Cryst. 45 2549Google Scholar

    [16]

    叶超, 苏继龙 2017 噪声与振动控制 37 163Google Scholar

    Ye C, Su J L 2017 Noise Vibr. Control 37 163Google Scholar

    [17]

    周榕, 吴卫国, 闻轶凡 2017 声学技术 36 297

    Zhou Y, Wu W G, Wen Y F 2017 Tech. Acoust. 36 297

    [18]

    邢拓, 李贤徽, 盖晓玲, 张斌, 谢鹏 2016 声学技术 35 2

    Xing T, Li X H, Gai X L, Zhang B, Xie P 2016 Tech. Acoust. 35 2

    [19]

    Zhang Y, Wen J 2012 JASA 131 3372

    [20]

    Preumont A 2011 Vibration Control of Active Structures (Berlin: Springer) pp21–59

    [21]

    Chen S B, Wen J H, Yu D L, Wang G, Wen X 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 014301Google Scholar

    [22]

    Zhang H, Wen J, Xiao Y, Wang G, Wen X 2015 JSV 343 104Google Scholar

    [23]

    董亚科, 姚宏, 杜军, 赵静波, 姜久龙 2018 压电与声光 40 860Google Scholar

    Dong Y K, Yao H, Du J, Zhao J B, Jiang J L 2018 Piezoelectr. Acoustoopt. 40 860Google Scholar

    [24]

    廖涛, 孙小伟, 宋婷, 田俊红, 康太凤, 孙伟彬 2018 物理学报 67 214208Google Scholar

    Liao T, Sun X W, Song T, Tian J H, Kang T F, Sun W B 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 214208Google Scholar

    [25]

    孙炜海, 张超群, 鞠桂玲, 潘晶雯 2018 物理学报 67 194303Google Scholar

    Sun W H, Zhang C Q, Jü G L, Pan J W 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 194303Google Scholar

    [26]

    Yubao S, Leping F, Jihong W, Dianlong Y, Xisen W 2015 Phys. Lett. A 379 1449Google Scholar

    [27]

    陈圣兵 2014 博士学位论文(长沙: 国防科技大学)

    Chen S B 2014 Ph. D. Dissertation (Changsha: National University of Defense Technology)(in Chinese)

    [28]

    汪承灏, 赵哲英 1981 声学学报 4 263

    Wang C H, Zhao Z Y 1981 Acta Acust. 4 263

    [29]

    贺子厚, 赵静波, 姚宏, 蒋娟娜, 张帅 2019 压电与声光 41 40Google Scholar

    He Z H, Zhao J B, Yao H, Jiang J N, Zhang S 2019 Piezoelectr. Acoustoopt. 41 40Google Scholar

    [30]

    Fano U 1961 Phys. Rev. 124 1866Google Scholar

    [31]

    潘庭婷, 曹文, 邓彩松, 王鸣, 夏巍, 郝辉 2018 物理学报 67 157301Google Scholar

    Pan T T, Cao W, Deng C S, Wang M, Xia W, Hao H 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 157301Google Scholar

    [32]

    Mikhail F, Mikhail V, Alexander N, Yuri S 2017 Nat. Photon. 11 543Google Scholar

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2019-02-25
  • 修回日期:  2019-04-02
  • 上网日期:  2019-07-01
  • 刊出日期:  2019-07-05

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