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Plasmonic nanostructure can efficiently manipulate light on a subwavelength scale, which can break through the optical diffraction limit and significantly enhance the interaction between light and matter. In the study of photoelectric devices based on the plasmonic mechanism, the absorption of light in surface plasmons is usually considered as loss, which needs to be suppressed. However, based on the photothermal effect, the light absorption of plasmonic nanostructure can be effectively utilized and converted into heat. The research of this new type of nano-heat source is a hot topic in the field of plasmonics. In this paper, we review the recent progress of the study of photothermal effects of plasmonic nanostructure, focusing on the physical process of heating effects, and the methods to control the temperature distribution in both the process of heat generation and the process of delivery of heat. Finally, the applications of nano-heat source in the fields of nano-fabrication and broad-spectrum photothermal conversion are also presented.
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图 1 表面等离激元弛豫产生热的过程及相应时间域 (a)−(d) 分别是表面等离激元激发(t = 0 s)、朗道阻尼(t = 1—100 fs)、热载流子弛豫(t = 100 fs—1 ps)及热耗散的过程(t = 100 ps—10 ns)[22]
Fig. 1. Process and time scale of heat generation from SPs decaying: (a)−(d) Illustrates the process of heat generation by excitation of SPs (t = 0 s), Landau damping (t = 1–100 fs), decaying of hot carriers (t = 100 fs–1 ps), and final heat diffusion to surroundings (t = 100 ps–10 ns)[22].
图 2 (a) 直径为40 nm金纳米球; (b) 金纳米球电场分布特性, (c) 金纳米球热源密度分布; (d)金纳米球稳态条件下的温度场分布, 其中入射光波长为525 nm
Fig. 2. (a) The gold nanosphere with a diameter of 40 nm; (b) electromagnetic distribution of the gold nanosphere, (c) thermal density distribution of the gold nanosphere; (d) steady-state temperature field distribution of the gold nanosphere (the incident light wavelength is 525 nm).
图 3 (a) 纳米光刻技术构建的多孔和无孔金三角板的热分布[28]; (b), (c) 金纳米球二聚体结构在不同偏振下的电磁分布和对应的热分布[29]; (d)不同激励波长下, 叠层银纳米板的热分布[30]; (e) 纳米星结构的热分布仿真结果[35]; (f), (g) 金纳米棒二聚体结构的热分布及相应的局域电场分布[28]
Fig. 3. (a) Thermal distribution of porous and non-porous gold nanoplates constructed by e-beam lithography[28]; (b), (c) electromagnetic distribution and corresponding thermal distribution of gold nanosphere dimers under different polarizations[29]; (d) thermal distribution of the tandem silver nanoplates at different excitation wavelengths[30]; (e) simulation of thermal distribution of star-shaped nanostructure[35]; (f), (g) thermal distribution and corresponding electromagnetic distribution of gold nanorod dimers[28].
图 4 (a), (b) 金纳米壳(棒)、金纳米壳(棒)@氧化石墨烯(GO)以及金纳米壳(棒)@还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)的红外温度像及不同辐照时间下温度提升速率[46]; (c)−(e)金@硅多层壳结构、局域电场及其温度场分布[49]
Fig. 4. (a), (b) Infrared temperature images of gold nanoshells (nanorods), gold nanoshells (nanorods)@graphene oxide (GO), and gold nanoshells (nanorods)@reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and the temperature-rising rate under different irradiation time[46]; (c)−(e) gold@silicon multilayer shells structure and their electromagnetic distribution and temperature field distributions[49].
图 5 (a)−(c) 飞秒激光诱导的光热微纳结构“塑形”, (a) 光谱线宽变化及(b), (c) 金纳米棒塑形后形貌基本保持不变[59]; (d)−(f) “热点”自组装机制及高分辨透射电镜成像[60]
Fig. 5. (a)−(c) The “shaping” of the nanostructure induced by femtosecond laser, (a) the spectral line width changes and (b), (c) the morphology of the gold nanorods remained basically unchanged after shaping[59]; (d)−(f) “hot spot” self-assembly process and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging[60].
图 6 (a) 宽谱光吸收原理图; (b) 金纳米星@多孔硅复合结构的宽谱光热转换器件[66]; (c) 金纳米球/三维多孔氧化铝复合结构的宽谱光吸收器件[67]
Fig. 6. (a) The scheme of broad-spectrum optical absorption; (b) the broad-spectrum photothermal-conversion device of gold nanostar@porous silicon composite structure[66]; (c) broad-spectrum optical absorption device with gold nanosphere/three-dimensional porous alumina composite structures[67].
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Pan M Y, Li Q, Qiu M 2016 Physics 45 379Google Scholar
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Shan H Y, Zu S, Fang Z Y 2017 Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 54 030002
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