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Metal surface plasmon is a collective oscillation effect of free electrons at the micro-nanostructure surface under the stimulation of incident light. Since the corresponding oscillating electric field is strongly bound below the sub-wavelength scale, it can be used as an information carrier for future micro-nano photonic circuit and device, and can also be used to enhance the interaction between light and matter on a micro-nano scale, such as surface enhanced photoluminescence, Raman scattering, nonlinear signal generation, surface enhanced catalysis, photothermal conversion, photovoltaic conversion, etc. How to theoretically understand the unique optical behavior dominated by the plasmon oscillation mode is one of the hot research spots in the field of surface plasmon photonics. In recent years, the theory of surface plasmon has been continuously improved with the support of a large number of experimental researches. In this paper, we first systematically summarize the optical behaviors and properties of metal under the excitation of incident electromagnetic waves, and then briefly describe the plasmonic modes existing in the metal and their corresponding physical natures, the oscillation dynamics process and the currently prevailing surface plasmon coupling theories. We hope that this paper can provide a theoretical basis for those researchers who have just dabbled in the field of surface plasmons and help them to master the relevant basic knowledge quickly.
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Keywords:
- metal optical properties /
- plasmon modes /
- dynamic process /
- coupling theory
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图 3 (a)金属全频色散关系; (b)金属和电介质的介电常数与入射频率之间的关系(借鉴中国科学院大学董国艳老师《纳米光学》第十讲图)
Fig. 3. (a) Full frequency dispersion relation of metal materials; (b) relationship between incident frequency and dielectric constant of metal and dielectric, respectively (from the tenth lecture of 《Nano Optics》, Dong Guoyan, Chinese Academy of Sciences)
图 6 (a)谐振子间耦合示意图[73]; (b)谐振子与其镜像耦合示意图[73]; (c)耦合的简谐振子[74]; (d)三次谐波产生对应的等离激元非线性谐振模型[75]
Fig. 6. (a) Inter-coupling of harmonic oscillators[73]; (b) harmonic oscillator coupled with its mirror image[73]; (c) two coupled harmonic oscillators[74]; (d) a nonlinear harmonic oscillators model of the plasmon third harmonic generation[75].
图 7 (a)表面等离激元共振模式杂化过程图; (b)堆叠式金属带的透射光谱及表面等离激元杂化示意图[77]; (c)单一劈裂盘阵列的透射光谱及其对应的共振模式杂化图[10]; (d)双层月牙形结构的模式杂化[78]; (e)杂化模式成像[79]
Fig. 7. (a) Hybridization process between two surface plasmon resonance modes; (b) the transmission spectrum of stacked cut-wire metamaterials and its corresponding plasmon hybridization process; (c) the transmission spectra and plasmon hybridization process of single split-disk; (d) the plasmon hybridization of stacked double crescents arrays; (e) the super-resolution imaging of hybrid plasmon mode.
图 8 (a) Simpson-Peterson模型物理量分布图; (b)不同角度的耦合及对应的消光光谱[72]; (c)不同排布金纳米棒的耦合及潜在应用[89]; (d)不同偶极中心偏移量下耦合能量随角度的变化曲线[90]
Fig. 8. (a) Relationship of physical quantity in Simpson-Peterson model; (b) the coupling at different angles and their corresponding extinction spectra[72]; (c) the coupling and potential applications of different arrangements in gold nanorods system[89]; (d) coupling energy versus angle for different dipole center offsets[90].
图 9 (a)表面等离激元共振诱导Fano共振的过程示意图; (b)固体金属球的米氏散射[96]; (c)不同结构配置的透射系数谱及标定位置对应的电场分布[99]; (d) Fano参数与相移关系及对应的Fano响应函数[100]
Fig. 9. (a) Process of surface plasmon resonance inducing Fano resonance; (b) Mie scattering against a solid metallic sphere[96]; (c) the transmission coefficient spectra of different structural configurations and the electric field distribution corresponding to the calibration position[99]; (d) Fano parameter versus phase shift and the Fano response function[100].
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