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双光梳异步光学采样的绝对测距方法具有量程大、测速快和精度高等特点, 在几何量精密测量领域具有广泛的应用前景. 特别地, 结合异步光学采样和非线性强度互相关的倍频信号时域探测方法, 可以有效避免测量过程中载波包络偏移频率对测距精度的影响. 本文针对双光梳非线性异步光学采样绝对测距系统, 对影响其测距精度的理论模型和关键参数进行数值模拟研究. 对双光梳异步光学采样的理论模型进行分析后, 分别研究了双光梳光源参数(重复频率和重复频率差)、倍频信号精细拟合及脉冲时间抖动对测距精度的影响. 数值分析结果表明: 选择合理的重复频率和重复频率差有利于提升测距精度, 此外适当提高测量速度可以有效降低脉冲时间抖动对测距误差的影响.Absolute distance measurement based on the asynchronous optical sampling with using a dual-comb system has the characteristics of large range, fast measurement speed, and high accuracy, which has wide application prospects in the field of precision measurement of geometric quantities, such as the space technology, equipment manufacturing, etc. Recently, the invention of the femtosecond frequency comb is a milestone in the field of precision length measurement. Many approaches to the absolute distance measurement have been proposed. Among them, the dual-comb system with asynchronous optical sampling can realize a length measurement with fast speed, high accuracy, and long range. Especially, the temporal method combining the asynchronous optical sampling with nonlinear intensity cross-correlation can effectively avoid influencing of the carrier-envelope offset frequency on the ranging accuracy in the measurement process. The time-of-flight information can be obtained by the time interval between the reference pattern and the measurement pattern. Even so, the selection of the repetition rate and the difference of repetition rates will strongly influence the temporal sampling interval of the measurements. Therefore, the theoretical model and key parameters for the ranging are numerically studied for the non-linear asynchronous optical sampling by using a dual-comb system of absolute distance measurement. After analysis, the effects of source parameters (repetition frequency and repetition frequency difference), fine fitting of second harmonic signal, and timing jitter on ranging accuracy are studied respectively. The numerical analysis results show that the method of choosing a reasonable repetition frequency and repetition frequency difference is beneficial to the improvement of the ranging accuracy. When the sampling interval of the dual-comb system is a constant, the time value between the reference and measurement patterns can be obtained by the interpolation method of fine curve fitting, and it will further improve the ranging accuracy. In addition, the time jitter of the femtosecond pulses is also an important factor that can affect the ranging accuracy. By changing the difference in the repetition rate, the measurement speed can also be improved. After that, the cumulative ranging error caused by time jitter can be reduced. Therefore, the appropriate increasing of measurement speed can effectively reduce the influence of timing jitter on ranging.
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Keywords:
- absolute distance measurement /
- optical frequency comb /
- asynchronous optical sampling /
- numerical analysis
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图 1 强度互相关的双光梳非线性异步光学采样测量原理示意图
Fig. 1. Schematic of dual-comb nonlinear asynchronous optical sampling for distance measurement based on intensity cross-correlation method.
图 2 非线性异步光学采样的时域强度相干过程
Fig. 2. Time domain intensity coherence process of nonlinear asynchronous optical sampling.
图 4 重频差对仿真测距精度的影响
Fig. 4. Effect of repetition frequency difference on the simulated ranging accuracy.
图 5 重频差对仿真测距精度的影响及其现象解释 (a)微调重频差对仿真测距精度的影响; (b)脉冲重合示意图
Fig. 5. Effect of repetition frequency difference on the simulated ranging accuracy and its phenomenon explanation; (a) Effect of fine-tuning the repetition frequency difference on the simulated ranging accuracy; (b) schematic of pulse overlap.
图 6 重频差对不同重复频率仿真测距精度的影响
Fig. 6. Effect of repetition frequency difference on the simulated ranging accuracy with different repetition frequency.
图 7 微调重复频率对仿真测距精度的影响
Fig. 7. Effect of fine-tuning the repetition frequency on the simulated ranging accuracy.
图 8 理想情况下信号拟合对仿真测距精度的影响
Fig. 8. Effect of signal fitting on simulated ranging accuracy under ideal conditions.
图 9 脉冲的时间抖动和倍频信号的时间误差
Fig. 9. Timing jitter of pulse and time error of second harmonic signal.
图 10 时间抖动在不同测距速度下对仿真测距精度的影响
Fig. 10. Effect of timing jitter on simulated ranging accuracy under different ranging speeds.
表 1 重频差、测距精度与重合因子的关系
Table 1. Relationships among repetition frequency difference, ranging accuracy and overlap factor.
重频差/Hz 测量误差/μm 重合因子n 4981.2 9.163 0.5095 4983.2 4.497 0.7591 4990.8 0.263 0.9859 4999.4 0.052 0.9973 5001.2 7.343 0.3919 5005.4 0.112 0.0059 
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表 2 重复频率、测距精度与重合因子的关系
Table 2. Relationships among repetition frequency difference, ranging accuracy and overlap factor.
重复频率/MHz 测量误差/μm 重合因子n 199.993275 0.003 0.0002 199.995125 9.254 0.4938 199.996665 0.183 0.9048 199.997020 0.009 0.9995 200.001665 4.482 0.2390 200.007320 4.724 0.7482
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表 3 不同时间抖动对仿真测距精度的影响
Table 3. Effect of different timing jitter on simulated ranging accuracy
时间抖动/fs 测量周期/ms 最大标准差/μm 10 0.500 71.252 0.200 48.116 0.125 29.148 1 0.500 6.296 0.200 4.517 0.125 2.431 0.013 0.500 0.069 0.200 0.039 0.125 0.023
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[1] Schmitt R H, Peterek M, Morse E, Knapp W, Galetto M, Härtig F, Goch G, Hughes B, Forbes A, Estler W T 2016 CIRP Ann. -Manuf. Techn. 65 643
Google Scholar
[2] 谭久彬 2020 中国工业和信息化 6 18
Google Scholar
Tan J B 2020 China Ind. Inf. Technol. 6 18
Google Scholar
[3] 郑联语, 朱绪胜, 姜丽萍 2013 航空制造技术 7 38
Google Scholar
Zheng L Y, Zhu X S, Jiang L P 2013 Aeron. Manuf. Technol. 7 38
Google Scholar
[4] 华卿, 周维虎, 许艳 2012 计测技术 32 1
Hua Q, Zhou W H, Xu Y 2012 Metrol. Meas. Technol. 32 1
[5] Hansch T W 2006 Rev. Mod. Phys. 78 1297
Google Scholar
[6] Hall J L 2006 Rev. Mod. Phys. 78 1279
Google Scholar
[7] 张伟鹏, 杨宏雷, 陈馨怡, 尉昊赟, 李岩 2018 物理学报 67 090701
Google Scholar
Zhang W P, Yang H L, Chen X Y, Yu H Y, Li Y 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 090701
Google Scholar
[8] Zhang R, Zhu Z, Wu G 2019 Opt. Express 27 34269
Google Scholar
[9] Liu Y, Lin J, Yang L, Wang Y, Zhu J 2018 Opt. Express 26 26618
Google Scholar
[10] 王国超, 颜树华, 杨俊, 林存宝, 杨东兴, 邹鹏飞 2013 物理学报 62 070601
Google Scholar
Wang G C, Yan S H, Yang J, Lin C B, Yang D X, Zou P F 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 070601
Google Scholar
[11] 邢书剑, 张福民, 曹士英, 王高文, 曲兴华 2013 物理学报 62 170603
Google Scholar
Xing S J, Zhang F M, Cao S Y, Wang G W, Qu X H 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 170603
Google Scholar
[12] Minoshima K, Matsumoto H 2000 Appl. Optics 39 5512
Google Scholar
[13] Ye J 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 1153
Google Scholar
[14] Nam J K, Woo K S 2006 Opt. Express 14 5954
[15] Lee J, Kim Y J, Lee K, Lee S, Kim S W 2010 Nat. Photonics 4 716
Google Scholar
[16] 吴翰钟, 曹士英, 张福民, 邢书剑, 曲兴华 2014 物理学报 63 100601
Google Scholar
Wu H Z, Cao S Y, Zhang F M, Xing S J, Qu X H 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 100601
Google Scholar
[17] 刘亭洋, 张福民, 吴翰钟, 李建双, 石永强, 曲兴华 2016 物理学报 65 020601
Google Scholar
Liu T Y, Zhang F M, Wu H Z, Li J S, Shi Y Q, Qu X H 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 020601
Google Scholar
[18] 王国超, 李星辉, 颜树华, 谭立龙, 管文良 2021 物理学报 70 040601
Google Scholar
Wang G C, Li X H, Yan S H, Tan L L, Guan W L 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 040601
Google Scholar
[19] Coddington I, Swann W C, Nenadovic L, Newbury N R 2009 Nat. Photonics 3 351
Google Scholar
[20] Liu T A, Newbury N R, Coddington I 2011 Opt. Express 19 18501
Google Scholar
[21] Lee J, Han S, Lee K, Bae E, Kim S, Lee S, Kim S W, Kim Y J 2013 Meas. Sci. Technol. 24 45201
Google Scholar
[22] Zhang H Y, Wei H Y, Wu X J, Yang H L, Li Y 2014 Opt. Express 22 6597
Google Scholar
[23] Shi H S, Song Y J, Liang F, Xu L M, Hu M L, Wang C Y 2015 Opt. Express 23 14057
Google Scholar
[24] Lin B, Zhao X, He M, Pan Y, Chen J, Cao S, Lin Y, Wang Q, Zheng Z, Fang Z 2017 IEEE Photonics J 9 1
Google Scholar
[25] Li Y, Cai Y, Li R, Shi H, Tian H, He M, Song Y, Hu M 2019 Chin. Opt. Lett. 17 091202
Google Scholar
[26] Shiraki E, Nishizawa N 2011 Proceedings of the International Quantum Electronics Conference and Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim Sydney, Australia, August 28−September 1, 2011 p894
[27] Lazaridis P, Debarge G, Gallion P 1995 Opt. Lett. 20 1160
Google Scholar
[28] Paschotta R 2004 Appl. Phys. B 79 153
[29] Wang Y, Tian H, Ma Y, Song Y, Zhang Z 2018 Opt. Lett. 43 4382
Google Scholar
[30] Benedick A J, Fujimoto J G, Kärtner F X 2012 Nat. Photonics 6 97
Google Scholar
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