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真空弧放电等离子体含有多种离子成分, 并且各离子在空间上具有不同的分布规律. 本文针对金属氘化物电极真空弧离子源, 搭建了一台紧凑型磁分析装置, 用来研究放电等离子体中氘离子与金属离子的空间分布. 当离子源弧流为100 A左右时, 该装置能有效地传输引出束流, 并且具有较好的二次电子抑制效果, 可准确获得各离子流强. 利用该装置测量并获得了氘化钛含氘电极真空弧放电等离子体内氘离子和钛离子空间分布规律, 结果表明: 径向上, 氘离子和钛离子都呈高斯分布, 但氘离子分布均匀, 而钛离子相对集中在轴线附近, 导致轴线附近氘离子比例最低; 轴向上, 所有离子数量都以自然指数函数减少, 而且相对幅度接近, 所以氘离子比例几乎不变. 本文研究结果不仅有助于理解真空弧放电等离子体膨胀过程, 还可以指导金属氘化物电极真空弧离子源及其引出设计.There are many kinds of ions in vacuum arc discharge plasma, which have different distributions in space. In this paper, a compact magnetic analyzer is developed for studying the spatial distribution of deuterium ions and metal ions in vacuum arc discharge with occluded deuterium electrode. When the arc current is about 100 A, the device can effectively transfer the ion beam with good secondary electron suppression, and can accurately obtain the ion current intensity. The spatial distribution of deuterium ions and titanium ions in the vacuum arc discharge with TiD electrode are measured by this device. The results show that both deuterium ions and Titanium ions are Gaussian distribution in the radial direction, but deuterium ions are evenly distributed, while titanium ions are relatively concentrated near the axis, resulting in the lowest proportion of deuterium ions near the axis. Along the axis, the number of all ions decreases as a natural exponential function, and the relative magnitudes are approximately equal, so the proportion of deuterium ions is almost constant. The results of this study not only help to understand the plasma expansion process of vacuum arc discharge, but also guide the design of vacuum arc ion source with occluded deuterium electrode and its ion extraction.
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Keywords:
- vacuum arc ion source /
- metal deuteride /
- magnetic mass spectrometer /
- spatial distribution
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图 1 磁分析装置示意图(1-离子源, 2-引出电极, 3-地电极, 4-磁铁区域, 5-金属离子收集极, 6-氘离子收集极, 7-氢离子收集极, 8-三维位移平台)
Fig. 1. Schematic of the magnetic analysis device (1-ion source, 2- extraction electrode, 3-grounding electrode, 4- magnetic field area, 5-collector for metal ions, 6-collector for deuterium ions, 7-collector for hydrogen ions, 8-three dimensional displacement platform).
图 2 引出离子束的传输通道示意图
Fig. 2. Schematic of the transmission channel for ion beam extract from the ion source.
图 3 离子束轰击闪烁体形成的发光区域照片 (a) 闪烁体放置在距离地电极后3 mm位置; (b) 闪烁体放置在收集极处
Fig. 3. Photos of the cross section of ion beam on fluorescent screen: (a) The fluorescent screen was set at the position of 3 mm after the grounding electrode; (b) the fluorescent screen was set at the position of the collectors.
图 4 收集极上的总平均电流随偏压的变化趋势(偏压从–30V到30 V变化)
Fig. 4. Average total collected current versus bias voltage from –30 to 30 V.
图 5 收集极上的各离子电流信号波形(放电弧流为100 A)
Fig. 5. Typical waveforms of the ion current collected by each collector while the discharging current is 100 A.
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[1] Nazarov K M, Muhametuly B, Kenzhin E A, Kichanov S E, Kozlenko D P, Lukin E V, Shaimerdenov A A 2020 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 982 164572
Google Scholar
[2] 魏国海, 韩松柏, 陈东风, 王洪立, 郝丽杰, 武梅梅, 贺林峰, 王雨, 刘蕴韬, 孙凯, 赵志祥 2012 核技术 35 821
Wei G H, Han S B, Chen D F, Wang H L, Hao L J, Wu M M, He L F, Wang Y, Liu Y T, Sun K, Zhao Z X 2012 Nucl. Tech. 35 821
[3] Whetstone Z D, Kearfott K J 2014 J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 301 629
Google Scholar
[4] Zaker S, Nafchi S, Rastegarnia M, Bagheri S, Sanati A, Naghibi A 2020 Petroleum 6 170
Google Scholar
[5] El-Taher A, Khater A E M 2016 Appl. Radiat. Isot. 114 121
Google Scholar
[6] 王刚, 于前锋, 王文, 宋钢, 吴宜灿 2015 物理学报 64 102901
Wang G, Yu Q F, Wang W, Song G, Wu Y C 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 102901
[7] Walko R J, Rochau G E 1981 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 28 531
[8] Aleksandrov V D, Bogolubov E P, Bochkarev O V, Korytko L A, Nazarov V I, Polkanov Y G, Ryzhkov V I, Khasaev T O 2005 Appl. Radiat. Isot. 63 537
Google Scholar
[9] Shkol’nik S M 2001 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 29 675
Google Scholar
[10] Barengolts S A, Karnaukhov D Y, Nikolaev A G, Savkin K P, Oks E M, Uimanov I V, Frolova V P, Shmelev D L, Yushkov G Y 2015 Tech. Phys. 60 989
Google Scholar
[11] Nikolaev A G, Oks E M, Frolova V P, Yushkov G Y 2019 Russ. Phys. J. 62 1109
Google Scholar
[12] Nikolaev A G, Yushkov G Y, Savkin K P Oks E M 2012 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83 02A503
Google Scholar
[13] Nikolaev A G, Yushkov G Y, Savkin K P Oks E M 2013 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 41 1923
Google Scholar
[14] Nikolaev A G, Savkin K P, Yushkovet G Y, Oks E M 2014 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85 02B501
Google Scholar
[15] Brown I G 1994 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 65 3061
Google Scholar
[16] Chen L, Jin D Z, Cheng L Shi L, Tan X H, Xiang W, Dai J Y, Hu S D 2012 Vacuum 86 813
Google Scholar
[17] Lan C H, Long J D, Zheng L, Peng Y F, Li J, Yang Z, Dong P 2014 Chin. Phys. Lett. 31 105202
Google Scholar
[18] Lan C H, Long J D, Zheng L, Dong P, Yang Z, Wang T, Li J 2015 Chin. Phys. Lett. 32 095201
Google Scholar
[19] 郑乐, 蓝朝晖, 龙继东, 彭宇飞, 李杰, 杨振, 董攀, 石金水 2014 核技术 37 010202
Google Scholar
Zheng L, Lan C H, Long J D, Peng Y F, Li J, Yang Z, Dong P, Shi J S 2014 Nucl. Tech. 37 010202
Google Scholar
[20] 张华顺 1987 离子源和大功率中性束源 (北京: 原子能出版社) 第93−100页
Zhang H S 1987 Ion Source with High-Power Neutral Beam Sources (Beijing: Atomic Energy Press) pp93−100 (in Chinese)
[21] 刘猛, 柯建林, 黄刚, 梁建华, 刘湾, 娄本超, 卢彪 2012 核电子学与探测技术 32 786
Google Scholar
Liu M, Ke J L, Huang G, Liang J H, Liu W, Lou B C, Lu B 2012 Nucl. Electron. Detect. Technol. 32 786
Google Scholar
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