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等离子体不透明度在辐射输运和辐射流体力学研究中具有重要的应用, 在实际应用中, 这些参数主要依赖于理论研究获得, 实验提供了对理论计算精度的检验. 在细致能级模型的理论框架下, 对铝、铁和金等离子体的辐射不透明度进行了系统的理论研究, 建立了在密度0.001—0.1 g/cm3和温度1—300 eV范围内光谱分辨的辐射不透明度和Rosseland和Planck平均不透明度数据库. 不透明度的理论研究涉及到特定等离子体条件下的大量量子态, 在复杂的金等离子体条件下, 量子态的数目可能以亿计, 甚至达到万亿乃至更大, 因而其精确的研究显然具有很大的挑战性. 对于高Z的金等离子体, 公开发表的不透明度数据非常少, 本工作提供的数据库为高Z不透明度研究提供了参考. 对中低Z的铝和铁等离子体, 本课题组以前公开发表的工作很好地解释了实验结果, 表明了理论方法的可靠性. 本文与国际上ATOMIC程序得到的理论结果进行比较, 分析两种方法得到结果的异同, 大部分等离子体条件下, 两者符合较好, 对于有差异的部分, 指出了差异的物理根源. 本文数据集可在
https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.22232 中访问获取.Radiative opacity plays an important role in investigating radiative transfer, radiation hydrodynamics and other relative disciplines. In practical applications, these data are mainly obtained by theoretical calculations. The accuracy of the theories is checked by limited experiments. Within the theoretical framework of detailed level models, systematic theoretical investigations of the radiative opacity of plasmas such as aluminum, iron, and gold plasmas are conducted. A database of spectrally resolved radiative opacities and Rosseland and Planck mean opacities is established for densities ranging from 0.001 to0.1 g/cm3 and temperatures from 1 to 300 eV. A data base is built based on these theoretical opacities. A huge number of quantum states are involved in the calculation of opacity, especially for high-Z gold plasmas. This poses a great challenge for obtaining accurate opacity of gold plasma. For such high-Z plasmas, it is necessary to develop other codes such as unresolved transition arrays or even average atom models to quickly obtain the opacity. Accurate opacity data are very lacking for such high-Z plasmas and the data presented in this library provides important references for other less detailed opacity codes. For aluminum and iron plasmas, their opacities are compared with those from the most accurate code ATOMIC. It is found that they are in good agreement for most cases of plasma conditions. Yet, discrepancies are still found in a few cases of plasma densities and temperatures, as indicated in the following figure(Fig. S1), which shows that the bound-free opacities obtained by our code and those from the ATOMIC are in good agreement. At photon energy of approximately 850 eV, however, some strong lines of aluminum plasma are notably absent in Al plasma generated by other codes, which will affect the radiative transfer in the x-ray region. In our code, we avoid such problems by including all possible line absorption and photoionization channels. The present dataset should be helpful in studying inertial confinement fusion, plasma physics and astrophysics. All the data presented in this paper are openly available at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.22232 .-
Keywords:
- opacity aluminum /
- iron and gold plasma /
- configuration interaction /
- detailed level accounting model
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图 1 密度为0.1 g/cm3、温度为100 eV的Al等离子体不透明度与ATOMIC软件计算的结果比较, 其中实线为本工作得到的结果, 红虚线为ATOMIC软件得到的结果
Fig. 1. Comparison of opacity obtained by present work and ATOMIC code for Al plasma at a density of 0.1 g/cm3 and a temperature 100 eV.
图 2 密度为0.1 g/cm3、温度为10 eV的Al等离子体不透明度与ATOMIC软件计算的结果比较, 其中实线为本工作得到的结果, 红虚线为ATOMIC软件得到的结果
Fig. 2. Comparison of opacity obtained by present work and ATOMIC code for Al plasma at a density of 0.1 g/cm3 and a temperature 10 eV.
图 3 密度为0.001 g/cm3、温度为100 eV的Al等离子体不透明度与ATOMIC软件计算的结果比较, 其中实线为本工作得到的结果, 红虚线为ATOMIC软件得到的结果
Fig. 3. Comparison of opacity obtained by present work and ATOMIC code for Al plasma at a density of 0.001 g/cm3 and a temperature 100 eV.
图 4 密度为0.001 g/cm3、温度为10 eV的Al等离子体不透明度与ATOMIC软件计算的结果比较, 其中实线为本工作得到的结果, 红虚线为ATOMIC软件的结果
Fig. 4. Comparison of opacity obtained by present work and ATOMIC code for Al plasma at a density of 0.001 g/cm3 and a temperature 10 eV.
图 5 密度为0.1 g/cm3、温度为100 eV的Fe等离子体不透明度与ATOMIC软件计算的结果比较, 其中实线为本工作得到的结果, 红虚线为ATOMIC软件得到的结果
Fig. 5. Comparison of opacity obtained by present work and ATOMIC code for Fe plasma at a density of 0.1 g/cm3 and a temperature 100 eV.
图 6 图5在光子能量0—1500 eV范围内的放大, 密度为0.1 g/cm3、温度为100 eV的Fe等离子体不透明度与ATOMIC软件计算的结果比较. 这个光子能量范围决定了Rosseland和Planck平均不透明度
Fig. 6. Comparison of opacity in photon energy range of 0–1500 eV obtained by present work and ATOMIC code for Fe plasma at a density of 0.1 g/cm3 and a temperature 100 eV. The Rosseland and Planck mean opacities are largely contributed by this photon energy range.
图 7 密度为0.1 g/cm3、温度为10 eV的Fe等离子体不透明度与ATOMIC软件计算的结果比较, 其中实线为本工作得到的结果, 红虚线为ATOMIC软件的结果
Fig. 7. Comparison of opacity obtained by present work and ATOMIC code for Fe plasma at a density of 0.1 g/cm3 and a temperature 10 eV.
图 8 密度为0.001 g/cm3、温度为100 eV的Fe等离子体不透明度与ATOMIC软件计算的结果比较, 其中实线为本工作得到的结果, 红虚线为ATOMIC软件的结果
Fig. 8. Comparison of opacity obtained by present work and ATOMIC code for Fe plasma at a density of 0.001 g/cm3 and a temperature 100 eV.
图 9 密度为0.001 g/cm3、温度为10 eV的Fe等离子体不透明度与ATOMIC软件计算的结果比较, 其中实线为本工作得到的结果, 红虚线为ATOMIC软件的结果
Fig. 9. Comparison of opacity obtained by present work and ATOMIC code for Fe plasma at a density of 0.001 g/cm3 and a temperature 10 eV.
图 10 Fe等离子体不透明度图9在光子能量0—1200 eV范围内的放大, 密度为0.001 g/cm3、温度为10 eV的Fe等离子体不透明度与ATOMIC软件计算的结果比较, 其中实线为本工作得到的结果, 红虚线为ATOMIC软件得到的结果
Fig. 10. Comparison of opacity in a photon energy range of 0–1200 eV obtained by present work and ATOMIC code for Fe plasma at a density of 0.001 g/cm3 and a temperature 10 eV.
图 11 密度为0.01 g/cm3、温度分别为10, 20, 40, 100, 200 eV条件下的Au等离子体不透明度
Fig. 11. Opacity of Au plasma at a density of 0.01 g/cm3 and temperatures of 10, 20, 40, 100, 200 eV.
图 12 密度为0.01 g/cm3、温度为100 eV条件下的Au等离子体不透明度在两个主要谱线吸收区域的放大
Fig. 12. Opacity of Au plasma at a density of 0.01 g/cm3 and a temperature of 100 eV contributed dominantly by line absorption.
表 1 铝等离子体在不同密度和不同温度T条件下的Rosseland和Planck平均不透明度(cm2/g)
Table 1. Rosseland and Planck mean opacities (cm2/g) of Al plasmas at different densities and different temperatures.
T/eV 0.001 g/cm3 0.005 g/cm3 0.01 g/cm3 0.05 g/cm3 0.1 g/cm3 Rosse. Planck Rosse. Planck Rosse. Planck Rosse. Planck Rosse. Planck 2 74333 500110 87959 474839 110647 474197 177509 402629 180822 359046 5 7551 44620 8766 68329 11913 80658 25790 113542 30749 118019 10 1042 12392 2314 14992 3704.4 17395 9399.6 28422 13504 36801 20 1246 28704 3385 40416 5206.4 45251 14575 56812 22679 62396 50 405.4 5686.7 1711 10153 2826.8 12598 7321.4 18380 9899.5 20553 100 13.35 102.87 70.71 430.02 141.81 748.41 575.15 2409.4 875.08 3486.0 150 1.856 66.030 7.442 102.91 17.045 142.69 75.255 399.56 136.60 626.05 200 1.011 113.10 2.888 208.52 7.2548 254.77 32.294 366.71 68.368 447.57 250 0.632 49.966 1.903 161.38 4.4554 239.37 22.087 461.37 51.632 571.70 300 0.446 15.575 1.180 68.428 2.7127 123.48 15.009 353.16 38.217 499.53 
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表 2 铁等离子体在不同密度和不同温度T条件下的Rosseland和Planck平均不透明度(cm2/g)
Table 2. Rosseland and Planck mean opacities (cm2/g) of Fe plasmas at different densities and different temperatures.
T/eV 0.001 g/cm3 0.005 g/cm3 0.01 g/cm3 0.05 g/cm3 0.1 g/cm3 Rosse. Planck Rosse. Planck Rosse. Planck Rosse. Planck Rosse. Planck 2 69215 122715 93585 143915 101029 143805 100652 120432 85765 113541 5 9788 13619 23498 27432 31742 35133 48273 52965 52803 61748 10 5315 29879 12131 32782 16194 34114 26873 38585 31552 42038 20 7161 36974 12584 43595 15700 46071 25757 50931 31150 54002 50 1445 5884.9 4158 12006 5332.3 14315 7820.3 16013 8793 16451 100 28.18 1047.9 103.6 1480.7 191.43 1796.2 698.52 2675.0 1064 3285.1 150 26.39 1153.8 76.25 1883.5 114.02 2283.2 257.79 3101.6 358.9 3324.9 200 9.206 507.14 49.10 1130.5 87.143 1487.9 245.45 2462.3 349.5 2887.7 250 2.560 118.79 15.45 424.09 36.795 661.47 173.29 1455.3 280.1 1878.9 300 1.009 28.096 5.710 127.37 13.817 229.07 79.424 685.91 158.0 1000.9
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表 3 金等离子体在不同密度和不同温度T条件下的Rosseland和Planck平均不透明度(cm2/g)
Table 3. Rosseland and Planck mean opacities (cm2/g) of Au plasmas at different densities and different temperatures.
T/eV 0.001 g/cm3 0.005 g/cm3 0.01 g/cm3 0.05 g/cm3 0.1 g/cm3 Rosse. Planck Rosse. Planck Rosse. Planck Rosse. Planck Rosse. Planck 2 25768 51205 43857 54878 49268 53670 44582 43170 35752 35122 5 15954 38279 30437 44722 37862 46872 46119 47813 43420 45362 10 14646 43051 21935 48723 26683 51154 36889 55148 39932 55264 20 3779 30135 5571 34903 6315 36553 8716 39240 10146 39855 50 1565 7258 1922 8683 2099 9326 2711 10886 3113 11492 100 594.7 5570 882.9 6501 1041 6926 1648 7894 2108 8307 150 346.7 2781 683.5 3523 922.5 3890 1460 5088 1707 5579 200 181.2 1239 383.6 1830 495.8 2099 874.0 2838 1093 3156 250 57.16 529.3 212.2 932.5 298.4 1127 561.7 1679 699.8 1945 300 11.19 342.6 69.32 573.9 138.7 717.1 349.9 1093 456.5 1284
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