Two-dimensional van der Waals: Characterization and manipulation of superconductivity

Huang Jia-Bei; Lian Fu-Zhuo; Wang Zhi-Yuan; Sun Shi-Tao; Li Ming; Zhang Di; Cai Xiao-Fan; Ma Guo-Dong; Mai Zhi-Hong; Andy Shen; Wang Lei; Yu Ge-Liang

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20220638

Abstract

Superconductivity has become a fascinating research field in condensed matter physics since its discovery in 1911. Nowadays, two-dimensional materials exhibit a variety of new physical phenomena, such as Ising superconductivity, topological superconductivity, and unconventional superconductivity. A number of two-dimensional van der Waals crystals exhibit superconductivity, which provide us with a broad research platform for exploring various physical effects and novel phenomena. In this review, we focus our attention on superconducting properties of two-dimensional van der Waals crystals, and highlight the recent progress of the state-of-the-art research on synthesis, characterization, and isolation of single and few layer nanosheets and the assembly of two-dimensional van der Waals superconductors. Finally we conclude the future research directions and prospects in two-dimensional materials with superconductivity.

Keywords:

superconductivity /
two-dimensional van der Waals crystals /
fabrication and characterization /
property manipulation

Authors and contacts

1.
National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures (NLSSMs), School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
2.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
3.
Hubei Jiufengshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430206, China

Corresponding author: Wang Lei, leiwang@nju.edu.cn ; Yu Ge-Liang, yugeliang@nju.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. SQ2018YFA030066, SQ2018YFA030143), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11974169), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant Nos. 020414380087, 020414913201), the Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. BK20190283), and the Science and Technology Plan of Nantong City, China (Grant No. MS22021021).

FullText HTML : translate this paragraph

References

[1]	van Delft D, Kes P 2010 Physics Today 63 38 Google Scholar
[2]	Bardeen J, Cooper L N, Schrieffer J R 1957 Phys. Rev. 108 1175 Google Scholar
[3]	Hahn S, Kim K, Kim K, Hu X, Painter T, Dixon I, Kim S, Bhattarai K R, Noguchi S, Jaroszynski J, Larbalestier D C 2019 Nature 570 496 Google Scholar
[4]	熊嘉阳, 邓自刚 2021 交通运输工程学报 21 177 Google Scholar Xiong J Y, Deng Z G 2021 J. Traffic Transport. Eng. 21 177 Google Scholar
[5]	Mott N F 1968 Philos. Mag. 17 1259 Google Scholar
[6]	Strongin M, Thompson R S, Kammerer O F, Crow J E 1970 Phys. Rev. B 1 1078 Google Scholar
[7]	Uchihashi T 2016 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 30 013002 Google Scholar
[8]	Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666 Google Scholar
[9]	Geim A K, Novoselov K S 2007 Nat. Mater. 6 183 Google Scholar
[10]	Wang Q, Zhang W, Wang L, He K, Ma X, Xue Q 2013 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 25 095002 Google Scholar
[11]	Novoselov K S, Mishchenko A, Carvalho A, Castro Neto A H 2016 Science 353 aac9439 Google Scholar
[12]	Kim K, Yankowitz M, Fallahazad B, Kang S, Movva H C P, Huang S, Larentis S, Corbet C M, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Banerjee S K, LeRoy B J, Tutuc E 2016 Nano Lett. 16 1989 Google Scholar
[13]	王浩林, 宗其军, 黄焱, 陈以威, 朱雨剑, 魏凌楠, 王雷 2021 物理学报 70 138202 Google Scholar Wang H L, Zong Q J, Huang Y, Chen Y W, Zhu Y J, Wei L N, Wang L 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 138202 Google Scholar
[14]	Cao Y, Fatemi V, Fang S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kaxiras E, Jarillo Herrero P 2018 Nature 556 43 Google Scholar
[15]	Xi X, Wang Z, Zhao W, Park J H, Law K T, Berger H, Forró L, Shan J, Mak K F 2016 Nat. Phys. 12 139 Google Scholar
[16]	Wang Q Y, Li Z, Zhang W H, Zhang Z C, Zhang J S, Li W, Ding H, Ou Y B, Deng P, Chang K, Wen J, Song C L, He K, Jia J F, Ji S H, Wang Y Y, Wang L L, Chen X, Ma X C, Xue Q K 2012 Chin. Phys. Lett. 29 037402 Google Scholar
[17]	Peng L, Yuan Y, Li G, Yang X, Xian J J, Yi C J, Shi Y G, Fu Y S 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 659 Google Scholar
[18]	Bussmann Holder A, Keller H 2020 Z. Naturforsch. B. 75 3 Google Scholar
[19]	Liu G, Bao X, Dong W, Wei Q, Mu H, Zhu W, Wang B, Li J, Shabbir B, Huang Y, Xing G, Yu J, Gao P, Shao H, Li X, Bao Q 2021 ACS Nano 15 8919 Google Scholar
[20]	Qiu D, Gong C, Wang S, Zhang M, Yang C, Wang X, Xiong J 2021 Adv. Mater. 33 2006124 Google Scholar
[21]	Kharissova O V, Kopnin E M, Maltsev V V, Leonyuk N I, León Rossano L M, Pinus I Y, Kharisov B I 2014 Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci. 39 253 Google Scholar
[22]	Novoselov K S, Jiang D, Schedin F, Booth T J, Khotkevich V V, Morozov S V, Geim A K 2005 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102 10451 Google Scholar
[23]	Jiang D, Hu T, You L, Li Q, Li A, Wang H, Mu G, Chen Z, Zhang H, Yu G, Zhu J, Sun Q, Lin C, Xiao H, Xie X, Jiang M 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 5708 Google Scholar
[24]	Yu Y, Ma L, Cai P, Zhong R, Ye C, Shen J, Gu G D, Chen X H, Zhang Y B 2019 Nature 575 156 Google Scholar
[25]	Lee K H, Hoffmann R 2006 J. Phys. Chem. A 110 609 Google Scholar
[26]	Gozar A, Logvenov G, Kourkoutis L F, Bollinger A T, Giannuzzi L A, Muller D A, Bozovic I 2008 Nature 455 782 Google Scholar
[27]	蒋小红, 秦泗晨, 幸子越, 邹星宇, 邓一帆, 王伟, 王琳 2021 物理学报 70 127801 Google Scholar Jiang X H, Qin S C, Xing Z Y, Zou X Y, Deng Y F, Wang W, Wang L 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 127801 Google Scholar
[28]	Boix Constant C, Mañas Valero S, Córdoba R, Coronado E 2021 Adv. Electron. Mater. 7 2000987 Google Scholar
[29]	Pan J, Guo C, Song C, Lai X, Li H, Zhao W, Zhang H, Mu G, Bu K, Lin T, Xie X, Chen M, Huang F 2017 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139 4623 Google Scholar
[30]	de la Barrera S C, Sinko M R, Gopalan D P, Sivadas N, Seyler K L, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Tsen A W, Xu X, Xiao D, Hunt B M 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 1427 Google Scholar
[31]	Yang Y, Fang S, Fatemi V, Ruhman J, Navarro Moratalla E, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kaxiras E, Jarillo Herrero P 2018 Phys. Rev. B 98 035203 Google Scholar
[32]	Naik S, Kalaiarasan S, Nath R C, Sarangi S N, Sahu A K, Samal D, Biswal H S, Samal S L 2021 Inorg. Chem. 60 4588 Google Scholar
[33]	Husremović S, Groschner C K, Inzani K, Craig I M, Bustillo K C, Ercius P, Kazmierczak N P, Syndikus J, Van Winkle M, Aloni S, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Griffin S M, Bediako D K 2022 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 144 12167 Google Scholar
[34]	Fang Y, Pan J, He J, Luo R, Wang D, Che X, Bu K, Zhao W, Liu P, Mu G, Zhang H, Lin T, Huang F 2018 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 57 1232 Google Scholar
[35]	Peng J, Liu Y, Luo X, Wu J, Lin Y, Guo Y, Zhao J, Wu X, Wu C, Xie Y 2019 Adv. Mater. 31 1900568 Google Scholar
[36]	He S, He J, Zhang W, Zhao L, Liu D, Liu X, Mou D, Ou Y B, Wang Q Y, Li Z, Wang L, Peng Y, Liu Y, Chen C, Yu L, Liu G, Dong X, Zhang J, Chen C, Xu Z, Chen X, Ma X, Xue Q, Zhou X J 2013 Nat. Mater. 12 605 Google Scholar
[37]	Ge J F, Liu Z L, Liu C h, Gao C L, Qian D, Xue Q K, Liu Y, Jia J F 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 285 Google Scholar
[38]	Xing Y, Zhao K, Shan P, Zheng F, Zhang Y, Fu H, Liu Y, Tian M, Xi C, Liu H, Feng J, Lin X, Ji S, Chen X, Xue Q K, Wang J 2017 Nano Lett. 17 6802 Google Scholar
[39]	Xu J P, Wang M X, Liu Z L, Ge J F, Yang X, Liu C, Xu Z A, Guan D, Gao C L, Qian D, Liu Y, Wang Q H, Zhang F C, Xue Q K, Jia J F 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 017001 Google Scholar
[40]	Wang M X, Liu C, Xu J P, Yang F, Miao L, Yao M Y, Gao C L, Shen C, Ma X, Chen X, Xu Z A, Liu Y, Zhang S C, Qian D, Jia J F, Xue Q K 2012 Science 336 52 Google Scholar
[41]	Sun H H, Zhang K W, Hu L H, Li C, Wang G Y, Ma H Y, Xu Z A, Gao C L, Guan D D, Li Y Y, Liu C, Qian D, Zhou Y, Fu L, Li S C, Zhang F C, Jia J F 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 257003 Google Scholar
[42]	Cao Y, Mishchenko A, Yu G L, Khestanova E, Rooney A P, Prestat E, Kretinin A V, Blake P, Shalom M B, Woods C, Chapman J, Balakrishnan G, Grigorieva I V, Novoselov K S, Piot B A, Potemski M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Haigh S J, Geim A K, Gorbachev R V 2015 Nano Lett. 15 4914 Google Scholar
[43]	Geim A K, Novoselov K S 2009 Nanosci. Technol. (Co-Published with Macmillan Publishers Ltd, UK) pp11–19
[44]	Dai S, Xiang Y, Srolovitz D J 2016 Nano Lett. 16 5923 Google Scholar
[45]	Andrei E Y, MacDonald A H 2020 Nat. Mater. 19 1265 Google Scholar
[46]	Cao Y, Fatemi V, Demir A, Fang S, Tomarken S L, Luo J Y, Sanchez Yamagishi J D, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kaxiras E, Ashoori R C, Jarillo Herrero P 2018 Nature 556 80 Google Scholar
[47]	Zhou H, Holleis L, Saito Y, Cohen L, Huynh W, Patterson C L, Yang F, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Young A F 2022 Science 375 774 Google Scholar
[48]	Zhou H, Xie T, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Young A F 2021 Nature 598 434 Google Scholar
[49]	Wang L, Shih E M, Ghiotto A, Xian L, Rhodes D A, Tan C, Claassen M, Kennes D M, Bai Y, Kim B, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Zhu X, Hone J, Rubio A, Pasupathy A N, Dean C R 2020 Nat. Mater. 19 861 Google Scholar
[50]	Lee J, Lee W, Kim G Y, Choi Y B, Park J, Jang S, Gu G, Choi S Y, Cho G Y, Lee G H, Lee H J 2021 Nano Lett. 21 10469 Google Scholar
[51]	Naguib M, Mashtalir O, Carle J, Presser V, Lu J, Hultman L, Gogotsi Y, Barsoum M W 2012 ACS Nano 6 1322 Google Scholar
[52]	VahidMohammadi A, Rosen J, Gogotsi Y 2021 Science 372 eabf1581 Google Scholar
[53]	Meshkian R, Näslund L Å, Halim J, Lu J, Barsoum M W, Rosen J 2015 Scr. Mater. 108 147 Google Scholar
[54]	Naguib M, Mochalin V N, Barsoum M W, Gogotsi Y 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 992 Google Scholar
[55]	Wang T, Tian X, Yang Y, Li Y W, Wang J, Beller M, Jiao H 2016 Surf. Sci. 651 195 Google Scholar
[56]	Zhang J J, Dong S 2017 J. Chem. Phys. 146 034705 Google Scholar
[57]	Xu C, Wang L, Liu Z, Chen L, Guo J, Kang N, Ma X L, Cheng H M, Ren W 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 1135 Google Scholar
[58]	Soundiraraju B, George B K 2017 ACS Nano 11 8892 Google Scholar
[59]	Aretouli K E, Tsoutsou D, Tsipas P, Marquez Velasco J, Aminalragia Giamini S, Kelaidis N, Psycharis V, Dimoulas A 2016 Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8 23222 Google Scholar
[60]	Zheng R J 2017 Ph. D. Dissertation (Riverside: University of California)
[61]	Ugeda M M, Bradley A J, Zhang Y, Onishi S, Chen Y, Ruan W, Ojeda Aristizabal C, Ryu H, Edmonds M T, Tsai H Z, Riss A, Mo S K, Lee D, Zettl A, Hussain Z, Shen Z X, Crommie M F 2015 Nat. Phys. 12 92 Google Scholar
[62]	Feng B, Zhang J, Zhong Q, Li W, Li S, Li H, Cheng P, Meng S, Chen L, Wu K 2016 Nat. Chem. 8 563 Google Scholar
[63]	Mannix A J, Zhou X F, Kiraly B, Wood J D, Alducin D, Myers B D, Liu X, Fisher B L, Santiago U, Guest J R, Yacaman M J, Ponce A, Oganov A R, Hersam M C, Guisinger N P 2015 Science 350 1513 Google Scholar
[64]	Chen C, Lv H, Zhang P, Zhuo Z, Wang Y, Ma C, Li W, Wang X, Feng B, Cheng P, Wu X, Wu K, Chen L 2022 Nat. Chem. 14 25 Google Scholar
[65]	Chen F, Wang Y, Su W, Ding S, Fu L 2019 J. Phys. Chem. C 123 30519 Google Scholar
[66]	Choudhary N, Park J, Hwang J Y, Choi W 2014 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6 21215 Google Scholar
[67]	Hsieh Y T, Huang M W, Chang C C, Chen U S, Shih H C 2010 Thin Solid Films 519 1668 Google Scholar
[68]	Yang M, Guo Y, Wang Q, Xie J 2014 J. Nanopart. Res. 16 2598 Google Scholar
[69]	Li F, Feng Y, Li Z, Ma C, Qu J, Wu X, Li D, Zhang X, Yang T, He Y, Li H, Hu X, Fan P, Chen Y, Zheng B, Zhu X, Wang X, Duan X, Pan A 2019 Adv. Mater. 31 1901351 Google Scholar
[70]	Wang H, Huang X, Lin J, Cui J, Chen Y, Zhu C, Liu F, Zeng Q, Zhou J, Yu P, Wang X, He H, Tsang S H, Gao W, Suenaga K, Ma F, Yang C, Lu L, Yu T, Teo E H T, Liu G, Liu Z 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 394 Google Scholar
[71]	Zheliuk O, Lu J, Yang J, Ye J 2017 Phys. Status Solidi Rapid Res. Lett. 11 1700245 Google Scholar
[72]	Deng Y, Lai Y, Zhao X, Wang X, Zhu C, Huang K, Zhu C, Zhou J, Zeng Q, Duan R, Fu Q, Kang L, Liu Y, Pennycook S J, Wang X R, Liu Z 2020 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 142 2948 Google Scholar
[73]	Xu C, Song S, Liu Z, Chen L, Wang L, Fan D, Kang N, Ma X, Cheng H M, Ren W 2017 ACS Nano 11 5906 Google Scholar
[74]	Lin H, Zhu Q, Shu D, Lin D, Xu J, Huang X, Shi W, Xi X, Wang J, Gao L 2019 Nat. Mater. 18 602 Google Scholar
[75]	Tang L, Tan J, Nong H, Liu B, Cheng H M 2021 Acc. Chem. Res. 2 36 Google Scholar
[76]	Wu C R, Chang X R, Chang S W, Chang C E, Wu C H, Lin S Y 2015 J. Phys. D 48 435101 Google Scholar
[77]	Joensen P, Frindt R F, Morrison S R 1986 Mater. Res. Bull. 21 457 Google Scholar
[78]	Liu C, Singh O G, Joensen P, Curzon A E, Frindt R F 1984 Thin Solid Films 113 165 Google Scholar
[79]	Ohashi Y, Koizumi T, Yoshikawa T, Hironaka T, Shiiki K 1997 Tanso 1997 235 Google Scholar
[80]	Zhang Y, Small J P, Amori M E S, Kim P 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 176803 Google Scholar
[81]	Wang L 2014 Ph. D. Dissertation (New York: Columbia University)
[82]	Wang S, Yu Y, Hao J, Feng Y, Zhu J, Lin Y, Xiang B, Ru H, Pan Y, Gu G 2021 arXiv: 2112.04782
[83]	Zeng J, Liu E, Fu Y, Chen Z, Pan C, Wang C, Wang M, Wang Y, Xu K, Cai S, Yan X, Wang Y, Liu X, Wang P, Liang S J, Cui Y, Hwang H Y, Yuan H, Miao F 2018 Nano Lett. 18 1410 Google Scholar
[84]	Liu F 2021 Prog. Surf. Sci. 96 100626 Google Scholar
[85]	Li Z, Ren L, Wang S, Huang X, Li Q, Lu Z, Ding S, Deng H, Chen P, Lin J, Hu Y, Liao L, Liu Y 2021 ACS Nano 15 13839 Google Scholar
[86]	Huang Y, Pan Y H, Yang R, Bao L H, Meng L, Luo H L, Cai Y Q, Liu G D, Zhao W J, Zhou Z, Wu L M, Zhu Z L, Huang M, Liu L W, Liu L, Cheng P, Wu K H, Tian S B, Gu C Z, Shi Y G, Guo Y F, Cheng Z G, Hu J P, Zhao L, Yang G H, Sutter E, Sutter P, Wang Y L, Ji W, Zhou X J, Gao H J 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 2453 Google Scholar
[87]	Lin Z, Wan Z, Song F, Huang B, Jia C, Qian Q, Kang J S, Wu Y, Yan X, Peng L, Wan C, Zhou J, Sofer Z, Shakir I, Almutairi Z, Tolbert S, Pan X, Hu Y, Huang Y, Duan X 2021 Chem 7 1887 Google Scholar
[88]	Yang R, Mei L, Zhang Q, Fan Y, Shin H S, Voiry D, Zeng Z 2022 Nat. Protoc. 17 358 Google Scholar
[89]	Huang Y, Sutter E, Shi N N, Zheng J, Yang T, Englund D, Gao H J, Sutter P 2015 ACS Nano 9 10612 Google Scholar
[90]	Muratore C, Voevodin A A, Glavin N R 2019 Thin Solid Films 688 137500 Google Scholar
[91]	Greene J E 2017 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 35 05C204 Google Scholar
[92]	Liu X, Hersam M C 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1801586 Google Scholar
[93]	Tanzi M C, Farè S, Candiani G (Tanzi M C et al. ed) 2019 Foundations of Biomaterials Engineering (Academic Press) pp393–469
[94]	Li J, Song P, Zhao J, Vaklinova K, Zhao X, Li Z, Qiu Z, Wang Z, Lin L, Zhao M, Herng T S, Zuo Y, Jonhson W, Yu W, Hai X, Lyu P, Xu H, Yang H, Chen C, Pennycook S J, Ding J, Teng J, Castro Neto A H, Novoselov K S, Lu J 2021 Nat. Mater. 20 181 Google Scholar
[95]	Zhao W M, Zhu L, Nie Z, Li Q Y, Wang Q W, Dou L G, Hu J G, Xian L, Meng S, Li S C 2022 Nat. Mater. 21 284 Google Scholar
[96]	Crommie M F, Lutz C P, Eigler D M 1993 Science 262 218 Google Scholar
[97]	Shao G, Xue X X, Liu X, Zhang D, Jin Y, Wu Y, You B, Lin Y C, Li S, Suenaga K, Wang X, Pan A, Li H, Hong J, Feng Y, Liu S 2020 Chem. Mater. 32 9721 Google Scholar
[98]	Gariglio S, Reyren N, Caviglia A D, Triscone J M 2009 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 21 164213 Google Scholar
[99]	Sun W, Wang X, Feng J, Li T, Huan Y, Qiao J, He L, Ma D 2019 Nanotechnology 30 385601 Google Scholar
[100]	Wu R J, Topsakal M, Low T, Robbins M C, Haratipour N, Jeong J S, Wentzcovitch R M, Koester S J, Mkhoyan K A 2015 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 33 060604 Google Scholar
[101]	Gfroerer T H 2000 Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry (Chichester: Wiley) pp9201–9231
[102]	Mak K F, Lee C, Hone J, Shan J, Heinz T F 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 136805 Google Scholar
[103]	Splendiani A, Sun L, Zhang Y, Li T, Kim J, Chim C Y, Galli G, Wang F 2010 Nano Lett. 10 1271 Google Scholar
[104]	Zhao W, Ghorannevis Z, Chu L, Toh M, Kloc C, Tan P H, Eda G 2013 ACS Nano 7 791 Google Scholar
[105]	Fang H, Battaglia C, Carraro C, Nemsak S, Ozdol B, Kang J S, Bechtel H A, Desai S B, Kronast F, Unal A A, Conti G, Conlon C, Palsson G K, Martin M C, Minor A M, Fadley C S, Yablonovitch E, Maboudian R, Javey A 2014 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A 111 6198 Google Scholar
[106]	Liao M, Wei Z, Du L, Wang Q, Tang J, Yu H, Wu F, Zhao J, Xu X, Han B, Liu K, Gao P, Polcar T, Sun Z, Shi D, Yang R, Zhang G 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 2153 Google Scholar
[107]	Cui J, Li P, Zhou J, He W Y, Huang X, Yi J, Fan J, Ji Z, Jing X, Qu F, Cheng Z G, Yang C, Lu L, Suenaga K, Liu J, Law K T, Lin J, Liu Z, Liu G 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 2044 Google Scholar
[108]	Li H, Zhang Q, Yap C C R, Tay B K, Edwin T H T, Olivier A, Baillargeat D 2012 Adv. Funct. Mater. 22 1385 Google Scholar
[109]	Berkdemir A, Gutiérrez H R, Botello Méndez A R, Perea López N, Elías A L, Chia C I, Wang B, Crespi V H, López Urías F, Charlier J C, Terrones H, Terrones M 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 1755 Google Scholar
[110]	Lui C H, Li Z, Chen Z, Klimov P V, Brus L E, Heinz T F 2011 Nano Lett. 11 164 Google Scholar
[111]	Zhang X, Han W P, Qiao X F, Tan Q H, Wang Y F, Zhang J, Tan P H 2016 Carbon 99 118 Google Scholar
[112]	Hou Y, Ren X, Fan J, Wang G, Dai Z, Jin C, Wang W, Zhu Y, Zhang S, Liu L, Zhang Z 2020 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12 40958 Google Scholar
[113]	Kosterlitz J M, Thouless D J 1973 J. Phys. C 6 1181 Google Scholar
[114]	Berezinskiǐ V L 1972 Sov. J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 34 610
[115]	Lake B, Rønnow H M, Christensen N B, Aeppli G, Lefmann K, McMorrow D F, Vorderwisch P, Smeibidl P, Mangkorntong N, Sasagawa T, Nohara M, Takagi H, Mason T E 2002 Nature 415 299 Google Scholar
[116]	Caviglia A D, Gariglio S, Reyren N, Jaccard D, Schneider T, Gabay M, Thiel S, Hammerl G, Mannhart J, Triscone J M 2008 Nature 456 624 Google Scholar
[117]	Reyren N, Thiel S, Caviglia A D, Kourkoutis L F, Hammerl G, Richter C, Schneider C W, Kopp T, Rüetschi A S, Jaccard D, Gabay M, Muller D A, Triscone J M, Mannhart J 2007 Science 317 1196 Google Scholar
[118]	An L, Cai X, Pei D, Huang M, Wu Z, Zhou Z, Lin J, Ying Z, Ye Z, Feng X, Gao R, Cacho C, Watson M, Chen Y, Wang N 2020 Nanoscale Horiz. 5 1309 Google Scholar
[119]	Scheurer M S, Samajdar R 2020 Phys. Rev. Res. 2 033062 Google Scholar
[120]	Nishino T, Yamada E, Kawabe U 1986 Phys. Rev. B 33 2042 Google Scholar
[121]	Tal O, Rosenwaks Y, Preezant Y, Tessler N, Chan C K, Kahn A 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 256405 Google Scholar
[122]	Ueno K, Shimotani H, Yuan H, Ye J, Kawasaki M, Iwasa Y 2014 J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 83 032001 Google Scholar
[123]	Zhang Y, Ye J, Matsuhashi Y, Iwasa Y 2012 Nano Lett. 12 1136 Google Scholar
[124]	Radisavljevic B, Radenovic A, Brivio J, Giacometti V, Kis A 2011 Nat. Nanotechnol. 6 147 Google Scholar
[125]	Ueno K, Nakamura S, Shimotani H, Ohtomo A, Kimura N, Nojima T, Aoki H, Iwasa Y, Kawasaki M 2008 Nat. Mater. 7 855 Google Scholar
[126]	Dhoot A S, Yuen J D, Heeney M, McCulloch I, Moses D, Heeger A J 2006 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103 11834 Google Scholar
[127]	Simon P, Gogotsi Y 2008 Nat. Mater. 7 845 Google Scholar
[128]	Shimotani H, Suzuki H, Ueno K, Kawasaki M, Iwasa Y 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 242107 Google Scholar
[129]	Ye J T, Zhang Y J, Akashi R, Bahramy M S, Arita R, Iwasa Y 2012 Science 338 1193 Google Scholar
[130]	Yuan H, Shimotani H, Tsukazaki A, Ohtomo A, Kawasaki M, Iwasa Y 2009 Adv. Funct. Mater. 19 1046 Google Scholar
[131]	Lin Z, Taberna P L, Simon P 2016 Electrochim. Acta 206 446 Google Scholar
[132]	Han S, Song C L, Ma X C, Xue Q K 2021 C. R. Phys. 22 163 Google Scholar
[133]	He Q L, Liu H, He M, Lai Y H, He H, Wang G, Law K T, Lortz R, Wang J, Sou I K 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4247 Google Scholar
[134]	Zhang W H, Liu X, Wen C H P, Peng R, Tan S Y, Xie B P, Zhang T, Feng D L 2016 Nano Lett. 16 1969 Google Scholar
[135]	Lee J J, Schmitt F T, Moore R G, Johnston S, Cui Y T, Li W, Yi M, Liu Z K, Hashimoto M, Zhang Y, Lu D H, Devereaux T P, Lee D H, Shen Z X 2014 Nature 515 245 Google Scholar
[136]	Zhang T, Cheng P, Li W J, Sun Y J, Wang G, Zhu X G, He K, Wang L, Ma X, Chen X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Lin H Q, Jia J F, Xue Q K 2010 Nat. Phys. 6 104 Google Scholar
[137]	Peltonen T J, Ojajärvi R, Heikkilä T T 2018 Phys. Rev. B 98 220504 Google Scholar
[138]	Park J M, Cao Y, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Jarillo Herrero P 2021 Nature 590 249 Google Scholar
[139]	Jin C, Regan E C, Yan A, Iqbal Bakti Utama M, Wang D, Zhao S, Qin Y, Yang S, Zheng Z, Shi S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Tongay S, Zettl A, Wang F 2019 Nature 567 76 Google Scholar
[140]	Cao Y, Rodan Legrain D, Park J M, Yuan N F Q, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Fernandes R M, Fu L, Jarillo Herrero P 2021 Science 372 264 Google Scholar
[141]	Park J M, Cao Y, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Jarillo Herrero P 2021 Nature 592 43 Google Scholar

Cited By

图 1 铜基材料的结构　(a) Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+x的原子结构示意图^[19]; (b) La₂CuO₄的原子结构示意图^[25]

Figure 1. Structures of copper-based materials: (a) Schematic of the atomic structure of Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+x^[19]; (b) schematic of the atomic structure of La₂CuO₄^[25] .

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 过渡金属硫族化合物材料的结构　(a) 2H-NbSe₂的原子结构示意图^[32]; (b) 2H-TaS₂的原子结构示意图^[33]; (c) 1T-MoS₂的原子结构示意图^[34]; (d) 1T-MoS₂电阻率与温度的依赖关系^[34]

Figure 2. Structures of TMDCs: (a) Schematics of the atomic structure of 2H-NbSe₂^[32]; (b) schematics of the atomic structure of 2H-TaS₂^[33]; (c) schematics of the atomic structure of 1T-MoS₂^[34]; (d) temperature dependence of electrical resistivity of 1T-MoS₂^[34].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 (a) 石墨烯扭角结构示意图^[44]; (b) 过渡金属碳(氮)化物自上而下剥离过程示意图^[51]

Figure 3. (a) Schematic of the twist structure of graphene^[44]; (b) schematic for top-down stripping process of transition metal carbon (nitrogen) compounds ^[51].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 CVD法制备示意图与超导性质　(a) 控制合成3R-TaSe₂原子层的反应腔示意图^[72]; (b) CVD法直接生长graphene/2D α-Mo₂C晶体异质结的过程示意图^[73]; (c) 3R-TaSe₂超导电性, 其超导转变温度T_c = 1.6 K^[72]; (d) 石墨烯/Mo₂C异质结在T = 100 mK时的夫琅禾费衍射图像, 深蓝色区域对应于零电阻状态, 虚线标记临界电流I_c的变化曲线表现磁场的调制作用^[73]

Figure 4. Schematics of the CVD method and characteristics of 2D superconductors: (a) Schematic of the reaction chamber for the controlled synthesis of TaSe₂ atomic layers^[72]; (b) direct growth of graphene/2D α-Mo₂C heterostructures by CVD method^[73]; (c) superconductivities of 3R-TaSe₂, T_c = 1.6 K^[72]; (d) Fraunhofer-like diffraction pattern of graphene/Mo₂C heterostructure measured at 100 mK. The dark blue regions correspond to the zero-resistance state. The critical current I_c, denoted by the dashed lines, exhibits a modulation as a function of magnetic fields^[73].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 层状晶体的机械剥离过程示意图^[89]　(a) SiO₂/Si基底和与带有石墨薄片的胶带的光学图像; (b) 氧等离子体清洗SiO₂/Si基底; (c) 石墨胶带与基底表面接触, 然后放在热板上, 在空气中以100 ℃加热2 min; (d) 将基底从热板上移除, 并剥落胶带; (e) 石墨烯剥离后的基底光学图像; (f) 基片上石墨烯薄层的光学显微图, 薄层的厚度在1—4层之间呈阶梯变化

Figure 5. Illustration of the exfoliation process for layered crystals^[89]: (a) Optical image of the SiO₂/Si substrate and adhesive tape with graphite flakes; (b) oxygen plasma cleaning of the SiO₂/Si substrate; (c) the graphite tape contacts the substrate, and then heat the substrate (with tape) on a hot plate at ～100 ℃ in air for 2 min; (d) removal of the substrate from the hot plate and peeling off of the tape; (e) optical image of the substrate after graphene exfoliation; (f) optical micrograph of one of the graphene flakes on the substrate in panel (e), the flake has a thickness varying in steps between 1–4 layers.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 STM, AFM和S/TEM的示意图^[92]　(a) 具有H₂功能化的STM示意图, 以及电子隧穿过程, H₂可以提高空间分辨率. (b) 具有 CO 分子功能化的AFM示意图, 以及尖端和样品之间的范德瓦耳斯相互作用曲线. 红色和绿色区域分别对应于排斥作用和吸引作用. (c) STEM和TEM示意图. STEM使用聚焦电子束(紫色), TEM使用准直电子束(粉红色)

Figure 6. Schematic of STM, AFM and S/TEM^[92]: (a) Schematic of STM with hydrogen functionalization, and electron tunneling process; (b) schematic of AFM with CO molecule functionalization, and the van der Waals interaction between the tip and sample; the red and green regions correspond to repulsive and attractive mode AFM, respectively; (c) schematic of STEM and TEM. STEM utilizes a focused electron beam (purple), whereas TEM uses a collimated beam (pink).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 WS₂的结构示意图和原子力显微镜图像^[97]　(a) 通过杂质原子Sn的辅助调控得到的WS₂示意图以及两种WS₂样品的光镜图, 有Sn原子, 表现出60°堆叠, 无Sn原子, 表现出0°堆叠, 比例尺为10 μm; (b) 1L—6L WS₂的AFM图像, 比例尺为5 μm

Figure 7. Schematics of WS₂structure and AFM images^[97]: (a) Schematics of the regulated growth of 0° stacking WS₂ without Sn and 60° stacking WS₂ with Sn and optical images of 0° and 60° stacking bilayer WS₂. Scale bar: 10 μm^[97]. (b) AFM images of 1L to 6L WS₂. Scale bar: 5 μm.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 透射电子显微镜图像^[73]　(a) 三角形、六角形、八角形和非角形2D α-Mo₂C晶体的石墨烯异质结构的亮场透射电子显微镜图像(比例尺为200 nm); (b) 2D α-Mo₂C样品区域的电子衍射图案, 显示存在两组六角周期结构, 红点对应2D α-Mo₂C晶体, 绿圈对应单层石墨烯, 比例尺为200 nm

Figure 8. Schematics of TEM: (a) Bright-field TEM images of the heterostructures of graphene with triangular, hexagonal, octagonal, and nonagonal 2D α-Mo₂C crystals (Scale bars: 200 nm)^[73]; (b) selected area electron diffraction patterns taken from the regions with 2D α-Mo₂C in (a), showing two sets of patterns corresponding to 2D α-Mo₂C (marked by red dots) and monolayer graphene (marked by green circles) with the same lattice orientation (marked by red arrows) for each case, scale bars: 200 nm^[73].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 9 不同叠加模式下的SHG响应^[97]　(a) 0°和60°叠加WS₂的SHG图像, 插图为相应的光学图像, 比例尺为5 μm; (b) 激发功率相关的SHG强度; (c) 拟合斜率为1.99的双对数图; (d) 0和60°堆叠WS₂的SHG强度随层数的变化

Figure 9. SHG responses corresponding to the different stacking modes^[97]: (a) SHG images of 0° and 60° stacking WS₂ ( Inset: the corresponding optical images. Scale bars: 5 μm); (b) excitation power-dependent SHG intensity; (c) double logarithmic plot with the fitting slope of 1.99; (d) SHG intensity of 0° and 60° stacking WS₂ as a function of layer number.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 10 MoS₂薄层的超导相变^[129]　(a) 双栅极器件及输运测试结构; (b) MoS₂超导相图, 横坐标表示载流子浓度

Figure 10. Superconductivity transition of MoS₂ flakes^[129]: (a) Dual-gate device and transport measurement configuration; (b) the phase diagram showing super-conductivity of MoS₂, where horizontal axis represents the carrier density.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 11 FeSe薄膜基底的影响^[134]　(a) K/FeSe/STO的STM形貌图, 该样品是以SrTiO₃(001)为基底, 通过K原子掺杂的2 UC FeSe薄膜, K的覆盖率是0.163 ML (monolayer, ML), 插图为K/FeSe/STO的典型隧穿dI/dV曲线, 显示存在较大的超导间隙(～15 meV); (b) 在SrTiO₃和石墨化的SiC基底上的FeSe薄膜, 得到的超导间隙随薄膜厚度的演化, 间隙的大小取自不同位置的5—10个谱线的平均, 绿线显示块体FeSe的超导间隙

Figure 11. Effects of substrate on the superconductivity of epitaxial FeSe films^[134]: (a) Topographic images of K/FeSe/STO sample, the K doped 2 UC FeSe films is grown on SrTiO₃ (001) substrates, the K coverage is 0.163 ML; Insert: Typical tunneling conductance (dI/dV) curves taken on the 2 UC FeSe/SrTiO₃ films indicates a optimized superconducting gap (～15 meV); (b) evolution of optimal SC gaps for different thickness of FeSe films on SrTiO₃ and graphitized SiC. The gap size is obtained by averaging 5–10 spectra taken at different locations. Green dashed line indicates the SC gap of bulk FeSe (2.2 meV).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

[1]	van Delft D, Kes P 2010 Physics Today 63 38 Google Scholar
[2]	Bardeen J, Cooper L N, Schrieffer J R 1957 Phys. Rev. 108 1175 Google Scholar
[3]	Hahn S, Kim K, Kim K, Hu X, Painter T, Dixon I, Kim S, Bhattarai K R, Noguchi S, Jaroszynski J, Larbalestier D C 2019 Nature 570 496 Google Scholar
[4]	熊嘉阳, 邓自刚 2021 交通运输工程学报 21 177 Google Scholar Xiong J Y, Deng Z G 2021 J. Traffic Transport. Eng. 21 177 Google Scholar
[5]	Mott N F 1968 Philos. Mag. 17 1259 Google Scholar
[6]	Strongin M, Thompson R S, Kammerer O F, Crow J E 1970 Phys. Rev. B 1 1078 Google Scholar
[7]	Uchihashi T 2016 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 30 013002 Google Scholar
[8]	Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666 Google Scholar
[9]	Geim A K, Novoselov K S 2007 Nat. Mater. 6 183 Google Scholar
[10]	Wang Q, Zhang W, Wang L, He K, Ma X, Xue Q 2013 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 25 095002 Google Scholar
[11]	Novoselov K S, Mishchenko A, Carvalho A, Castro Neto A H 2016 Science 353 aac9439 Google Scholar
[12]	Kim K, Yankowitz M, Fallahazad B, Kang S, Movva H C P, Huang S, Larentis S, Corbet C M, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Banerjee S K, LeRoy B J, Tutuc E 2016 Nano Lett. 16 1989 Google Scholar
[13]	王浩林, 宗其军, 黄焱, 陈以威, 朱雨剑, 魏凌楠, 王雷 2021 物理学报 70 138202 Google Scholar Wang H L, Zong Q J, Huang Y, Chen Y W, Zhu Y J, Wei L N, Wang L 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 138202 Google Scholar
[14]	Cao Y, Fatemi V, Fang S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kaxiras E, Jarillo Herrero P 2018 Nature 556 43 Google Scholar
[15]	Xi X, Wang Z, Zhao W, Park J H, Law K T, Berger H, Forró L, Shan J, Mak K F 2016 Nat. Phys. 12 139 Google Scholar
[16]	Wang Q Y, Li Z, Zhang W H, Zhang Z C, Zhang J S, Li W, Ding H, Ou Y B, Deng P, Chang K, Wen J, Song C L, He K, Jia J F, Ji S H, Wang Y Y, Wang L L, Chen X, Ma X C, Xue Q K 2012 Chin. Phys. Lett. 29 037402 Google Scholar
[17]	Peng L, Yuan Y, Li G, Yang X, Xian J J, Yi C J, Shi Y G, Fu Y S 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 659 Google Scholar
[18]	Bussmann Holder A, Keller H 2020 Z. Naturforsch. B. 75 3 Google Scholar
[19]	Liu G, Bao X, Dong W, Wei Q, Mu H, Zhu W, Wang B, Li J, Shabbir B, Huang Y, Xing G, Yu J, Gao P, Shao H, Li X, Bao Q 2021 ACS Nano 15 8919 Google Scholar
[20]	Qiu D, Gong C, Wang S, Zhang M, Yang C, Wang X, Xiong J 2021 Adv. Mater. 33 2006124 Google Scholar
[21]	Kharissova O V, Kopnin E M, Maltsev V V, Leonyuk N I, León Rossano L M, Pinus I Y, Kharisov B I 2014 Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci. 39 253 Google Scholar
[22]	Novoselov K S, Jiang D, Schedin F, Booth T J, Khotkevich V V, Morozov S V, Geim A K 2005 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102 10451 Google Scholar
[23]	Jiang D, Hu T, You L, Li Q, Li A, Wang H, Mu G, Chen Z, Zhang H, Yu G, Zhu J, Sun Q, Lin C, Xiao H, Xie X, Jiang M 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 5708 Google Scholar
[24]	Yu Y, Ma L, Cai P, Zhong R, Ye C, Shen J, Gu G D, Chen X H, Zhang Y B 2019 Nature 575 156 Google Scholar
[25]	Lee K H, Hoffmann R 2006 J. Phys. Chem. A 110 609 Google Scholar
[26]	Gozar A, Logvenov G, Kourkoutis L F, Bollinger A T, Giannuzzi L A, Muller D A, Bozovic I 2008 Nature 455 782 Google Scholar
[27]	蒋小红, 秦泗晨, 幸子越, 邹星宇, 邓一帆, 王伟, 王琳 2021 物理学报 70 127801 Google Scholar Jiang X H, Qin S C, Xing Z Y, Zou X Y, Deng Y F, Wang W, Wang L 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 127801 Google Scholar
[28]	Boix Constant C, Mañas Valero S, Córdoba R, Coronado E 2021 Adv. Electron. Mater. 7 2000987 Google Scholar
[29]	Pan J, Guo C, Song C, Lai X, Li H, Zhao W, Zhang H, Mu G, Bu K, Lin T, Xie X, Chen M, Huang F 2017 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139 4623 Google Scholar
[30]	de la Barrera S C, Sinko M R, Gopalan D P, Sivadas N, Seyler K L, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Tsen A W, Xu X, Xiao D, Hunt B M 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 1427 Google Scholar
[31]	Yang Y, Fang S, Fatemi V, Ruhman J, Navarro Moratalla E, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kaxiras E, Jarillo Herrero P 2018 Phys. Rev. B 98 035203 Google Scholar
[32]	Naik S, Kalaiarasan S, Nath R C, Sarangi S N, Sahu A K, Samal D, Biswal H S, Samal S L 2021 Inorg. Chem. 60 4588 Google Scholar
[33]	Husremović S, Groschner C K, Inzani K, Craig I M, Bustillo K C, Ercius P, Kazmierczak N P, Syndikus J, Van Winkle M, Aloni S, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Griffin S M, Bediako D K 2022 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 144 12167 Google Scholar
[34]	Fang Y, Pan J, He J, Luo R, Wang D, Che X, Bu K, Zhao W, Liu P, Mu G, Zhang H, Lin T, Huang F 2018 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 57 1232 Google Scholar
[35]	Peng J, Liu Y, Luo X, Wu J, Lin Y, Guo Y, Zhao J, Wu X, Wu C, Xie Y 2019 Adv. Mater. 31 1900568 Google Scholar
[36]	He S, He J, Zhang W, Zhao L, Liu D, Liu X, Mou D, Ou Y B, Wang Q Y, Li Z, Wang L, Peng Y, Liu Y, Chen C, Yu L, Liu G, Dong X, Zhang J, Chen C, Xu Z, Chen X, Ma X, Xue Q, Zhou X J 2013 Nat. Mater. 12 605 Google Scholar
[37]	Ge J F, Liu Z L, Liu C h, Gao C L, Qian D, Xue Q K, Liu Y, Jia J F 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 285 Google Scholar
[38]	Xing Y, Zhao K, Shan P, Zheng F, Zhang Y, Fu H, Liu Y, Tian M, Xi C, Liu H, Feng J, Lin X, Ji S, Chen X, Xue Q K, Wang J 2017 Nano Lett. 17 6802 Google Scholar
[39]	Xu J P, Wang M X, Liu Z L, Ge J F, Yang X, Liu C, Xu Z A, Guan D, Gao C L, Qian D, Liu Y, Wang Q H, Zhang F C, Xue Q K, Jia J F 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 017001 Google Scholar
[40]	Wang M X, Liu C, Xu J P, Yang F, Miao L, Yao M Y, Gao C L, Shen C, Ma X, Chen X, Xu Z A, Liu Y, Zhang S C, Qian D, Jia J F, Xue Q K 2012 Science 336 52 Google Scholar
[41]	Sun H H, Zhang K W, Hu L H, Li C, Wang G Y, Ma H Y, Xu Z A, Gao C L, Guan D D, Li Y Y, Liu C, Qian D, Zhou Y, Fu L, Li S C, Zhang F C, Jia J F 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 257003 Google Scholar
[42]	Cao Y, Mishchenko A, Yu G L, Khestanova E, Rooney A P, Prestat E, Kretinin A V, Blake P, Shalom M B, Woods C, Chapman J, Balakrishnan G, Grigorieva I V, Novoselov K S, Piot B A, Potemski M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Haigh S J, Geim A K, Gorbachev R V 2015 Nano Lett. 15 4914 Google Scholar
[43]	Geim A K, Novoselov K S 2009 Nanosci. Technol. (Co-Published with Macmillan Publishers Ltd, UK) pp11–19
[44]	Dai S, Xiang Y, Srolovitz D J 2016 Nano Lett. 16 5923 Google Scholar
[45]	Andrei E Y, MacDonald A H 2020 Nat. Mater. 19 1265 Google Scholar
[46]	Cao Y, Fatemi V, Demir A, Fang S, Tomarken S L, Luo J Y, Sanchez Yamagishi J D, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kaxiras E, Ashoori R C, Jarillo Herrero P 2018 Nature 556 80 Google Scholar
[47]	Zhou H, Holleis L, Saito Y, Cohen L, Huynh W, Patterson C L, Yang F, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Young A F 2022 Science 375 774 Google Scholar
[48]	Zhou H, Xie T, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Young A F 2021 Nature 598 434 Google Scholar
[49]	Wang L, Shih E M, Ghiotto A, Xian L, Rhodes D A, Tan C, Claassen M, Kennes D M, Bai Y, Kim B, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Zhu X, Hone J, Rubio A, Pasupathy A N, Dean C R 2020 Nat. Mater. 19 861 Google Scholar
[50]	Lee J, Lee W, Kim G Y, Choi Y B, Park J, Jang S, Gu G, Choi S Y, Cho G Y, Lee G H, Lee H J 2021 Nano Lett. 21 10469 Google Scholar
[51]	Naguib M, Mashtalir O, Carle J, Presser V, Lu J, Hultman L, Gogotsi Y, Barsoum M W 2012 ACS Nano 6 1322 Google Scholar
[52]	VahidMohammadi A, Rosen J, Gogotsi Y 2021 Science 372 eabf1581 Google Scholar
[53]	Meshkian R, Näslund L Å, Halim J, Lu J, Barsoum M W, Rosen J 2015 Scr. Mater. 108 147 Google Scholar
[54]	Naguib M, Mochalin V N, Barsoum M W, Gogotsi Y 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 992 Google Scholar
[55]	Wang T, Tian X, Yang Y, Li Y W, Wang J, Beller M, Jiao H 2016 Surf. Sci. 651 195 Google Scholar
[56]	Zhang J J, Dong S 2017 J. Chem. Phys. 146 034705 Google Scholar
[57]	Xu C, Wang L, Liu Z, Chen L, Guo J, Kang N, Ma X L, Cheng H M, Ren W 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 1135 Google Scholar
[58]	Soundiraraju B, George B K 2017 ACS Nano 11 8892 Google Scholar
[59]	Aretouli K E, Tsoutsou D, Tsipas P, Marquez Velasco J, Aminalragia Giamini S, Kelaidis N, Psycharis V, Dimoulas A 2016 Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8 23222 Google Scholar
[60]	Zheng R J 2017 Ph. D. Dissertation (Riverside: University of California)
[61]	Ugeda M M, Bradley A J, Zhang Y, Onishi S, Chen Y, Ruan W, Ojeda Aristizabal C, Ryu H, Edmonds M T, Tsai H Z, Riss A, Mo S K, Lee D, Zettl A, Hussain Z, Shen Z X, Crommie M F 2015 Nat. Phys. 12 92 Google Scholar
[62]	Feng B, Zhang J, Zhong Q, Li W, Li S, Li H, Cheng P, Meng S, Chen L, Wu K 2016 Nat. Chem. 8 563 Google Scholar
[63]	Mannix A J, Zhou X F, Kiraly B, Wood J D, Alducin D, Myers B D, Liu X, Fisher B L, Santiago U, Guest J R, Yacaman M J, Ponce A, Oganov A R, Hersam M C, Guisinger N P 2015 Science 350 1513 Google Scholar
[64]	Chen C, Lv H, Zhang P, Zhuo Z, Wang Y, Ma C, Li W, Wang X, Feng B, Cheng P, Wu X, Wu K, Chen L 2022 Nat. Chem. 14 25 Google Scholar
[65]	Chen F, Wang Y, Su W, Ding S, Fu L 2019 J. Phys. Chem. C 123 30519 Google Scholar
[66]	Choudhary N, Park J, Hwang J Y, Choi W 2014 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6 21215 Google Scholar
[67]	Hsieh Y T, Huang M W, Chang C C, Chen U S, Shih H C 2010 Thin Solid Films 519 1668 Google Scholar
[68]	Yang M, Guo Y, Wang Q, Xie J 2014 J. Nanopart. Res. 16 2598 Google Scholar
[69]	Li F, Feng Y, Li Z, Ma C, Qu J, Wu X, Li D, Zhang X, Yang T, He Y, Li H, Hu X, Fan P, Chen Y, Zheng B, Zhu X, Wang X, Duan X, Pan A 2019 Adv. Mater. 31 1901351 Google Scholar
[70]	Wang H, Huang X, Lin J, Cui J, Chen Y, Zhu C, Liu F, Zeng Q, Zhou J, Yu P, Wang X, He H, Tsang S H, Gao W, Suenaga K, Ma F, Yang C, Lu L, Yu T, Teo E H T, Liu G, Liu Z 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 394 Google Scholar
[71]	Zheliuk O, Lu J, Yang J, Ye J 2017 Phys. Status Solidi Rapid Res. Lett. 11 1700245 Google Scholar
[72]	Deng Y, Lai Y, Zhao X, Wang X, Zhu C, Huang K, Zhu C, Zhou J, Zeng Q, Duan R, Fu Q, Kang L, Liu Y, Pennycook S J, Wang X R, Liu Z 2020 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 142 2948 Google Scholar
[73]	Xu C, Song S, Liu Z, Chen L, Wang L, Fan D, Kang N, Ma X, Cheng H M, Ren W 2017 ACS Nano 11 5906 Google Scholar
[74]	Lin H, Zhu Q, Shu D, Lin D, Xu J, Huang X, Shi W, Xi X, Wang J, Gao L 2019 Nat. Mater. 18 602 Google Scholar
[75]	Tang L, Tan J, Nong H, Liu B, Cheng H M 2021 Acc. Chem. Res. 2 36 Google Scholar
[76]	Wu C R, Chang X R, Chang S W, Chang C E, Wu C H, Lin S Y 2015 J. Phys. D 48 435101 Google Scholar
[77]	Joensen P, Frindt R F, Morrison S R 1986 Mater. Res. Bull. 21 457 Google Scholar
[78]	Liu C, Singh O G, Joensen P, Curzon A E, Frindt R F 1984 Thin Solid Films 113 165 Google Scholar
[79]	Ohashi Y, Koizumi T, Yoshikawa T, Hironaka T, Shiiki K 1997 Tanso 1997 235 Google Scholar
[80]	Zhang Y, Small J P, Amori M E S, Kim P 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 176803 Google Scholar
[81]	Wang L 2014 Ph. D. Dissertation (New York: Columbia University)
[82]	Wang S, Yu Y, Hao J, Feng Y, Zhu J, Lin Y, Xiang B, Ru H, Pan Y, Gu G 2021 arXiv: 2112.04782
[83]	Zeng J, Liu E, Fu Y, Chen Z, Pan C, Wang C, Wang M, Wang Y, Xu K, Cai S, Yan X, Wang Y, Liu X, Wang P, Liang S J, Cui Y, Hwang H Y, Yuan H, Miao F 2018 Nano Lett. 18 1410 Google Scholar
[84]	Liu F 2021 Prog. Surf. Sci. 96 100626 Google Scholar
[85]	Li Z, Ren L, Wang S, Huang X, Li Q, Lu Z, Ding S, Deng H, Chen P, Lin J, Hu Y, Liao L, Liu Y 2021 ACS Nano 15 13839 Google Scholar
[86]	Huang Y, Pan Y H, Yang R, Bao L H, Meng L, Luo H L, Cai Y Q, Liu G D, Zhao W J, Zhou Z, Wu L M, Zhu Z L, Huang M, Liu L W, Liu L, Cheng P, Wu K H, Tian S B, Gu C Z, Shi Y G, Guo Y F, Cheng Z G, Hu J P, Zhao L, Yang G H, Sutter E, Sutter P, Wang Y L, Ji W, Zhou X J, Gao H J 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 2453 Google Scholar
[87]	Lin Z, Wan Z, Song F, Huang B, Jia C, Qian Q, Kang J S, Wu Y, Yan X, Peng L, Wan C, Zhou J, Sofer Z, Shakir I, Almutairi Z, Tolbert S, Pan X, Hu Y, Huang Y, Duan X 2021 Chem 7 1887 Google Scholar
[88]	Yang R, Mei L, Zhang Q, Fan Y, Shin H S, Voiry D, Zeng Z 2022 Nat. Protoc. 17 358 Google Scholar
[89]	Huang Y, Sutter E, Shi N N, Zheng J, Yang T, Englund D, Gao H J, Sutter P 2015 ACS Nano 9 10612 Google Scholar
[90]	Muratore C, Voevodin A A, Glavin N R 2019 Thin Solid Films 688 137500 Google Scholar
[91]	Greene J E 2017 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 35 05C204 Google Scholar
[92]	Liu X, Hersam M C 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1801586 Google Scholar
[93]	Tanzi M C, Farè S, Candiani G (Tanzi M C et al. ed) 2019 Foundations of Biomaterials Engineering (Academic Press) pp393–469
[94]	Li J, Song P, Zhao J, Vaklinova K, Zhao X, Li Z, Qiu Z, Wang Z, Lin L, Zhao M, Herng T S, Zuo Y, Jonhson W, Yu W, Hai X, Lyu P, Xu H, Yang H, Chen C, Pennycook S J, Ding J, Teng J, Castro Neto A H, Novoselov K S, Lu J 2021 Nat. Mater. 20 181 Google Scholar
[95]	Zhao W M, Zhu L, Nie Z, Li Q Y, Wang Q W, Dou L G, Hu J G, Xian L, Meng S, Li S C 2022 Nat. Mater. 21 284 Google Scholar
[96]	Crommie M F, Lutz C P, Eigler D M 1993 Science 262 218 Google Scholar
[97]	Shao G, Xue X X, Liu X, Zhang D, Jin Y, Wu Y, You B, Lin Y C, Li S, Suenaga K, Wang X, Pan A, Li H, Hong J, Feng Y, Liu S 2020 Chem. Mater. 32 9721 Google Scholar
[98]	Gariglio S, Reyren N, Caviglia A D, Triscone J M 2009 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 21 164213 Google Scholar
[99]	Sun W, Wang X, Feng J, Li T, Huan Y, Qiao J, He L, Ma D 2019 Nanotechnology 30 385601 Google Scholar
[100]	Wu R J, Topsakal M, Low T, Robbins M C, Haratipour N, Jeong J S, Wentzcovitch R M, Koester S J, Mkhoyan K A 2015 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 33 060604 Google Scholar
[101]	Gfroerer T H 2000 Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry (Chichester: Wiley) pp9201–9231
[102]	Mak K F, Lee C, Hone J, Shan J, Heinz T F 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 136805 Google Scholar
[103]	Splendiani A, Sun L, Zhang Y, Li T, Kim J, Chim C Y, Galli G, Wang F 2010 Nano Lett. 10 1271 Google Scholar
[104]	Zhao W, Ghorannevis Z, Chu L, Toh M, Kloc C, Tan P H, Eda G 2013 ACS Nano 7 791 Google Scholar
[105]	Fang H, Battaglia C, Carraro C, Nemsak S, Ozdol B, Kang J S, Bechtel H A, Desai S B, Kronast F, Unal A A, Conti G, Conlon C, Palsson G K, Martin M C, Minor A M, Fadley C S, Yablonovitch E, Maboudian R, Javey A 2014 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A 111 6198 Google Scholar
[106]	Liao M, Wei Z, Du L, Wang Q, Tang J, Yu H, Wu F, Zhao J, Xu X, Han B, Liu K, Gao P, Polcar T, Sun Z, Shi D, Yang R, Zhang G 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 2153 Google Scholar
[107]	Cui J, Li P, Zhou J, He W Y, Huang X, Yi J, Fan J, Ji Z, Jing X, Qu F, Cheng Z G, Yang C, Lu L, Suenaga K, Liu J, Law K T, Lin J, Liu Z, Liu G 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 2044 Google Scholar
[108]	Li H, Zhang Q, Yap C C R, Tay B K, Edwin T H T, Olivier A, Baillargeat D 2012 Adv. Funct. Mater. 22 1385 Google Scholar
[109]	Berkdemir A, Gutiérrez H R, Botello Méndez A R, Perea López N, Elías A L, Chia C I, Wang B, Crespi V H, López Urías F, Charlier J C, Terrones H, Terrones M 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 1755 Google Scholar
[110]	Lui C H, Li Z, Chen Z, Klimov P V, Brus L E, Heinz T F 2011 Nano Lett. 11 164 Google Scholar
[111]	Zhang X, Han W P, Qiao X F, Tan Q H, Wang Y F, Zhang J, Tan P H 2016 Carbon 99 118 Google Scholar
[112]	Hou Y, Ren X, Fan J, Wang G, Dai Z, Jin C, Wang W, Zhu Y, Zhang S, Liu L, Zhang Z 2020 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12 40958 Google Scholar
[113]	Kosterlitz J M, Thouless D J 1973 J. Phys. C 6 1181 Google Scholar
[114]	Berezinskiǐ V L 1972 Sov. J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 34 610
[115]	Lake B, Rønnow H M, Christensen N B, Aeppli G, Lefmann K, McMorrow D F, Vorderwisch P, Smeibidl P, Mangkorntong N, Sasagawa T, Nohara M, Takagi H, Mason T E 2002 Nature 415 299 Google Scholar
[116]	Caviglia A D, Gariglio S, Reyren N, Jaccard D, Schneider T, Gabay M, Thiel S, Hammerl G, Mannhart J, Triscone J M 2008 Nature 456 624 Google Scholar
[117]	Reyren N, Thiel S, Caviglia A D, Kourkoutis L F, Hammerl G, Richter C, Schneider C W, Kopp T, Rüetschi A S, Jaccard D, Gabay M, Muller D A, Triscone J M, Mannhart J 2007 Science 317 1196 Google Scholar
[118]	An L, Cai X, Pei D, Huang M, Wu Z, Zhou Z, Lin J, Ying Z, Ye Z, Feng X, Gao R, Cacho C, Watson M, Chen Y, Wang N 2020 Nanoscale Horiz. 5 1309 Google Scholar
[119]	Scheurer M S, Samajdar R 2020 Phys. Rev. Res. 2 033062 Google Scholar
[120]	Nishino T, Yamada E, Kawabe U 1986 Phys. Rev. B 33 2042 Google Scholar
[121]	Tal O, Rosenwaks Y, Preezant Y, Tessler N, Chan C K, Kahn A 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 256405 Google Scholar
[122]	Ueno K, Shimotani H, Yuan H, Ye J, Kawasaki M, Iwasa Y 2014 J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 83 032001 Google Scholar
[123]	Zhang Y, Ye J, Matsuhashi Y, Iwasa Y 2012 Nano Lett. 12 1136 Google Scholar
[124]	Radisavljevic B, Radenovic A, Brivio J, Giacometti V, Kis A 2011 Nat. Nanotechnol. 6 147 Google Scholar
[125]	Ueno K, Nakamura S, Shimotani H, Ohtomo A, Kimura N, Nojima T, Aoki H, Iwasa Y, Kawasaki M 2008 Nat. Mater. 7 855 Google Scholar
[126]	Dhoot A S, Yuen J D, Heeney M, McCulloch I, Moses D, Heeger A J 2006 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103 11834 Google Scholar
[127]	Simon P, Gogotsi Y 2008 Nat. Mater. 7 845 Google Scholar
[128]	Shimotani H, Suzuki H, Ueno K, Kawasaki M, Iwasa Y 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 242107 Google Scholar
[129]	Ye J T, Zhang Y J, Akashi R, Bahramy M S, Arita R, Iwasa Y 2012 Science 338 1193 Google Scholar
[130]	Yuan H, Shimotani H, Tsukazaki A, Ohtomo A, Kawasaki M, Iwasa Y 2009 Adv. Funct. Mater. 19 1046 Google Scholar
[131]	Lin Z, Taberna P L, Simon P 2016 Electrochim. Acta 206 446 Google Scholar
[132]	Han S, Song C L, Ma X C, Xue Q K 2021 C. R. Phys. 22 163 Google Scholar
[133]	He Q L, Liu H, He M, Lai Y H, He H, Wang G, Law K T, Lortz R, Wang J, Sou I K 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4247 Google Scholar
[134]	Zhang W H, Liu X, Wen C H P, Peng R, Tan S Y, Xie B P, Zhang T, Feng D L 2016 Nano Lett. 16 1969 Google Scholar
[135]	Lee J J, Schmitt F T, Moore R G, Johnston S, Cui Y T, Li W, Yi M, Liu Z K, Hashimoto M, Zhang Y, Lu D H, Devereaux T P, Lee D H, Shen Z X 2014 Nature 515 245 Google Scholar
[136]	Zhang T, Cheng P, Li W J, Sun Y J, Wang G, Zhu X G, He K, Wang L, Ma X, Chen X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Lin H Q, Jia J F, Xue Q K 2010 Nat. Phys. 6 104 Google Scholar
[137]	Peltonen T J, Ojajärvi R, Heikkilä T T 2018 Phys. Rev. B 98 220504 Google Scholar
[138]	Park J M, Cao Y, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Jarillo Herrero P 2021 Nature 590 249 Google Scholar
[139]	Jin C, Regan E C, Yan A, Iqbal Bakti Utama M, Wang D, Zhao S, Qin Y, Yang S, Zheng Z, Shi S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Tongay S, Zettl A, Wang F 2019 Nature 567 76 Google Scholar
[140]	Cao Y, Rodan Legrain D, Park J M, Yuan N F Q, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Fernandes R M, Fu L, Jarillo Herrero P 2021 Science 372 264 Google Scholar
[141]	Park J M, Cao Y, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Jarillo Herrero P 2021 Nature 592 43 Google Scholar

[1]	Wang Ying, Shu Lei. μSR experimental progress and trends of developing muon facilities. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(19): 197601. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20240940
[2]	Yin Jia-Xin, Wang Qiang-Hua. Superconducting gap modulations: Are they from pair density waves or pair-breaking scattering?. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(15): 157401. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20240807
[3]	Zhao Zong-Yang, Li Ming, Zhou Tao. Single magnetic impurity effects in graphene based superconductors. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(20): 207401. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20230830
[4]	LI Ming, JIN Pinshi, CAO Xun. Current Research on Rare Earth Oxygenated Hydride Photochromic Films. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 0(0): . doi: 10.7498/aps.7120221046
[5]	Li Ming, Jin Ping-Shi, Cao Xun. Current research status of rare earth oxygenated hydride photochromic films. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(21): 218101. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20221046
[6]	Feng Xi-Lin, Jiang Kun, Hu Jiang-Ping. Kagome superconductors. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(11): 118103. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20220891
[7]	Fan Jin-Ze, Fang Zhan-Bo, Luo Chao-Jie, Zhang Hui. Charge density waves in low-dimensional material. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(12): 127103. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20220052
[8]	Ji Yi-Ru, Chu Yan-Bang, Xian Le-De, Yang Wei, Zhang Guang-Yu. From magic angle twisted bilayer graphene to moiré superlattice quantum simulator. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(11): 118101. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20210476
[9]	Wu Yang, Chen Qi, Xu Rui-Ying, Ge Rui, Zhang Biao, Tao Xu, Tu Xue-Cou, Jia Xiao-Qing, Zhang La-Bao, Kang Lin, Wu Pei-Heng. Optical properties of niobium nitride nanowires. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(24): 248501. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20181646
[10]	Yang Hua, Feng Zhong-Pei, Lin Ze-Feng, Hu Wei, Qin Ming-Yang, Zhu Bei-Yi, Yuan Jie, Jin Kui. Preparation and characterization of high-quality FeSe single crystal thin films. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(20): 207416. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180940
[11]	Feng Tao, Horst Hahn, Herbert Gleiter. Progress of nanostructured metallic glasses. Acta Physica Sinica, 2017, 66(17): 176110. doi: 10.7498/aps.66.176110
[12]	Shi Sheng-Cai, Li Jing, Zhang Wen, Miao Wei. Terahertz high-sensitivity superconducting detectors. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(22): 228501. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.228501
[13]	Shi Liang-Ma, Zhou Ming-Jian, Zhu Ren-Yi. Evolution of vortex configuration for superconducting ring in the presence of an externally applied field. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(24): 247501. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.247501
[14]	Shi Liang-Ma, Zhang Shi-Jun, Zhu Ren-Yi. Numerical simulation of vortex structure in mesoscopic two-gap superconductor. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(9): 097401. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.097401
[15]	Zhou Yu, Zhang La-Bao, Jia Tao, Zhao Qing-Yuan, Gu Min, Qiu Jian, Kang Lin, Chen Jian, Wu Pei-Heng. Response properties of NbN superconductor nanowire for multi-photon. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(20): 208501. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.208501
[16]	Yang Peng-Fei, Bai Jin-Tao, Yang Xiao-Peng. The strict solutions to the field distribution of superconducting unbounded slab model. Acta Physica Sinica, 2007, 56(9): 5033-5036. doi: 10.7498/aps.56.5033
[17]	Yang Peng-Fei, Chen Wen-Xue. The distribution and origination of electric field and charge in interface layer of superconductor. Acta Physica Sinica, 2006, 55(12): 6622-6629. doi: 10.7498/aps.55.6622
[18]	Yang Peng-Fei. Analytical solution for a class of coupled linear second-order differential equations limited by transformations. Acta Physica Sinica, 2006, 55(11): 5579-5584. doi: 10.7498/aps.55.5579
[19]	Li Yong, Wen Ping, Liu Zhen-Xing, Jing Xiu-Nian, Wang Wan-Lu, Bai Hai-Yang. Superconductivity and negative temperature coefficient of the resistivity of bulk metallic glass Zr46.75Ti8.25Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5. Acta Physica Sinica, 2004, 53(3): 844-849. doi: 10.7498/aps.53.844
[20]	DONG ZHENG-CHAO, XING DING-YU, DONG JIN-MING. SHOT NOISE IN FERROMAGNET-SUPERCONDUCTOR TUNNELING JUNCTION. Acta Physica Sinica, 2001, 50(3): 556-560. doi: 10.7498/aps.50.556

Catalog

Vol. 71, Issue 18 - 2022-09-20

Metrics

Abstract views: 7105
PDF Downloads: 352
Cited By: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Search

Article

留言板