Broadband acoustic triggers based on multiport waveguide structures

Pang Nai-Qi; Wang Yin; Ge Yong; Shi Bin-Jie; Yuan Shou-Qi; Sun Hong-Xiang

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20230594

Abstract

The study of acoustic information processing has attracted great attention owing to its advantages of anti-electromagnetic interference and low energy consumption. Acoustic logic device, as a fundamental component, plays an important role in designing integrated acoustic systems. In the past few years, with the rapid development of sonic crystals, acoustic metamaterials and metasurfaces, researchers have demonstrated a variety of acoustic logic gates based on different mechanisms, and have devoted their efforts to the promotion of the practical applications. The more complex acoustic triggers with broad bandwidth and subwavelength size are very important for developing integrated sound devices, but it is difficult to realize them. In this work, we design two types of acoustic triggers based on the mechanisms of linear interference and phase modulation. The acoustic trigger with a width of 0.32λ and length of 0.82λ is composed of phased unit cells and multi-port waveguide structures, showing a subwavelength structure. Based on the phase modulation of the phased unit cells and the mechanism of linear interferences, the acoustic T-type trigger and D-type trigger with the same threshold are designed and demonstrated experimentally. The corresponding working bands of the T-type and D-type triggers are 3.293–4.069 kHz and 3.400–4.138 kHz, and their fractional bandwidths (the ratio of the bandwidth to the center frequency) can reach about 0.23 and 0.22, respectively, showing a broadband characteristic of both triggers. The mechanism of the T-type trigger is attributed to the linear interference caused by two phased unit cells with a phase difference of π. However, the realization of the D-type trigger is closely related to the incident sound energy and the phase modulation caused by the phased unit cell in the control port. The measured results and simulated results agree well with each other. Compared with other types of acoustic logic devices, the designed acoustic triggers have the advantages of broad bandwidth, subwavelength size, same threshold, and passive structure, as well as being easy to integrate, thus providing great potential applications in acoustic computing, acoustic communication, acoustic information processing and integrated acoustics. Our experimental demonstration of acoustic triggers can further promote the theoretical and experimental investigations of basic acoustic components.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Corresponding author: Sun Hong-Xiang, jsdxshx@ujs.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12274183, 12174159) and the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFC1512403).

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References

[1]	Liang B, Guo X S, Tu J, Zhang D, Cheng J C 2010 Nat. Mater. 9 989 Google Scholar
[2]	Li X F, Ni X, Feng L, Lu M H, He C, Chen Y F 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 084301 Google Scholar
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Cited By

图 1 (a) 相控单元示意图; (b) 频率为3.43 kHz的声波通过具有不同参数θ的单元产生的相位延迟与透射率; (c) 声触发器示意图. T和Qⁿ端口的红色箭头表示输入声信号, Qⁿ⁺¹端口的蓝色箭头表示输出声信号

Figure 1. (a) Schematic of a phased unit cell; (b) phase delays (blue solid line) and transmissions (red dashed line) of sound wave with frequency of 3.43 kHz caused by the phased unit cells with different values of θ; (c) schematic of an acoustic trigger. The red arrows at the ports T and Qⁿ represent input sound signals, and the blue arrows at the port Qⁿ⁺¹ are output sound signals.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 (a) 数值模拟频率为3.43 kHz不同输入态激发T触发器产生的声压幅值场分布; (b), (c) 对应的输出端Qⁿ⁺¹的声能级和真值表

Figure 2. (a) Simulated pressure amplitude distributions caused by the T-type trigger with different input states at 3.43 kHz; (b), (c) simulated acoustic intensity levels at the output port Qⁿ⁺¹ and truth table.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 数值模拟声波通过具有不同参数θ的单元(斜挡板宽度为3w)产生的相位延迟 (蓝色实线)及透射率(红色虚线)

Figure 3. Simulated phase delays (blue solid line) and transmissions (red dashed line) caused by the phased unit cells with different values of θ.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 (a) 数值模拟频率为3.43 kHz不同输入态激发D触发器产生的声压幅值场分布; (b), (c)对应的输出端Qⁿ⁺¹的声能级和真值表

Figure 4. (a) Simulated pressure amplitude distributions caused by the D-type trigger with different input states at 3.43 kHz; (b), (c) simulated acoustic intensity levels at the output port Qⁿ⁺¹ and truth table.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 (a) 实验装置示意图; (b), (c) T型与D型触发器样品照片; (d), (e) 实验测量的频率为3.43 kHz的不同输入态声波激发T触发器和D触发器对应输出端Qⁿ⁺¹的声能级

Figure 5. (a) Schematic of experimental set-up; (b), (c) photographs of the T-type trigger and D-type trigger; (d), (e) experimental measurement of the acoustic intensity levels at the output port Qⁿ⁺¹ of T-type trigger and D-type trigger at a frequency of 3.43 kHz.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 T触发器(a)和D触发器(b)输出端处的不同输入态对应的声能级谱. 黑色阴影区域范围分别为(a) 3.293— 4.069 kHz, (b) 3.400—4.138 kHz

Figure 6. Measured intensity level spectra at the output ports of the T-type trigger (a) and D-type trigger (b) for different input states. Black shaded regions cover the ranges of 3.293–4.069 kHz in panel (a) and 3.400–4.138 kHz in panel (b).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

[1]	Liang B, Guo X S, Tu J, Zhang D, Cheng J C 2010 Nat. Mater. 9 989 Google Scholar
[2]	Li X F, Ni X, Feng L, Lu M H, He C, Chen Y F 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 084301 Google Scholar
[3]	Liang B, Kan W, Zou X, Yin L, Cheng J 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 083510 Google Scholar
[4]	Babaee S, Viard N, Wang P, Fang N X, Bertoldi K 2016 Adv. Mater. 28 1631 Google Scholar
[5]	Nan T, Lin H, Gao Y, Matyushov A, Yu G, Chen H, Sun N, Wei S, Wang Z, Li M, Wang X, Belkessam A, Guo R, Chen B, Zhou J, Qian Z, Hui Y, Rinaldi M, McConney M E, Howe B M, Hu Z, Jones J G, Brown G J, Sun N X 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 296 Google Scholar
[6]	Zuo S Y, Wei Q, Tian Y, Cheng Y, Liu X J 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 10103 Google Scholar
[7]	Wu Y D 2021 Prog. Electromagn. Res. 170 79 Google Scholar
[8]	Li F, Anzel P, Yang J, Kevrekidis P G, Daraio C 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 5311 Google Scholar
[9]	Liu Z, Zhang X, Mao Y, Zhu Y Y, Yang Z, Chan C T, Sheng P 2000 Science 289 1734 Google Scholar
[10]	Lu M H, Zhang C, Feng L, Zhao J, Chen Y F, Mao Y W, Zi J, Zhu Y Y, Zhu S N, Ming N B 2007 Nat. Mater. 6 744 Google Scholar
[11]	Bringuier S, Swinteck N, Vasseur J O, Robillard J F, Runge K, Muralidharan K, Deymier P A 2011 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 130 1919 Google Scholar
[12]	Zhang T, Cheng Y, Guo J Z, Xu J Y, Liu X J 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 113503 Google Scholar
[13]	Lu J, Qiu C, Ke M, Liu Z 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 093901 Google Scholar
[14]	Xia J P, Jia D, Sun H X, Yuan S Q, Ge Y, Si Q R, Liu X J 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1805002 Google Scholar
[15]	Tian Z, Shen C, Li J, Reit E, Bachman H, Socolar J E S, Cummer S A, Huang J 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 762 Google Scholar
[16]	Jia D, Wang Y, Ge Y, Yuan S Q, Sun H X 2021 Prog. Electromagn. Res. 172 13 Google Scholar
[17]	Yan Q H, Chen H S, Yang Y H 2021 Prog. Electromagn. Res. 172 33 Google Scholar
[18]	李荫铭, 孔鹏, 毕仁贵, 何兆剑, 邓科 2022 物理学报 71 244302 Google Scholar Li Y M, Kong P, Bi R G, He Z J, Deng K 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 244302 Google Scholar
[19]	Lu Y J, Wang Y, Ge Y, Yuan S Q, Jia D, Sun H X, Liu X J 2022 Appl. Phys. Lett. 121 123506 Google Scholar
[20]	Li J, Chan C T 2004 Phys. Rev. E 70 055602 Google Scholar
[21]	Fang N, Xi D, Xu J, Ambati M, Srituravanich W, Sun C, Zhang X 2006 Nat. Mater. 5 452 Google Scholar
[22]	Li J, Fok L, Yin X, Bartal G, Zhang X 2009 Nat. Mater. 8 931 Google Scholar
[23]	Lai Y, Wu Y, Sheng P, Zhang Z Q 2011 Nat. Mater. 10 620 Google Scholar
[24]	Liang Z, Li J 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 114301 Google Scholar
[25]	Cheng Y, Zhou C, Yuan B G, Wu D J, Wei Q, Liu X J 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 1013 Google Scholar
[26]	Cummer S A, Christensen J, Alù A 2016 Nat. Rev. Mater. 1 16001 Google Scholar
[27]	Zhang T, Cheng Y, Yuan B G, Guo J Z, Liu X J 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 108 183508 Google Scholar
[28]	Zuo C Y, Xia J P, Sun H X, Ge Y, Yuan S Q, Liu X J 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 111 243501 Google Scholar
[29]	Wang Y, Xia J P, Sun H X, Yuan S Q, Liu X J 2019 Sci. Rep. 9 8355 Google Scholar
[30]	Li Z P, Cao G T, Li C H, Dong S H, Deng Y, Liu X K, Ho J S, Qiu C W 2021 Prog. Electromagn. Res. 171 1 Google Scholar
[31]	胥强荣, 沈承, 韩峰, 卢天健 2021 物理学报 70 244302 Google Scholar Xu Q R, Shen C, Han F, Lu T J 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 244302 Google Scholar
[32]	Liao G X, Wang Z W, Luan C C, Liu J P, Yao X H, Fu J Z 2021 Smart Mater. Struct. 30 045021 Google Scholar
[33]	Hazra S, Ghosh B, Sarkar P P 2019 J. Opt. 48 375 Google Scholar
[34]	Bharti G K, Sonkar R K 2022 Opt. Quantum Electron. 54 176 Google Scholar

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