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The electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma is characterized by low working pressure and high dissociation rate, which has important applications in the deuterium negative ion D- source technology. In this paper, the Yacora collisional-radiative model is applied to the emission spectrum diagnosis of D- in ECR deuterium plasma. The D- density is estimated by using the Dα/Dβ ratio and the relative intensity of other deuterium molecular lines, which avoids complex calibration procedure of absolute intensity. The spatial structure of D- are studied by the multichannel emission spectroscopy measurements in the source and diffusion regions.
The experiments are conducted on a 2.45 GHz ECR plasma source with a deuterium gas pressure of 1 Pa and microwave power of 660 W. The Balmer series of atomic deuterium (Dα, Dβ, Dγ, Dδ) and the Fulcher band Q-branches of molecular deuterium are measured at the source region and expanding region of the ECR plasma. It is found that the intensity of Dα in the source region is much higher than that of Dβ, and the Dα/Dβ ratio is as high as 23, indicating a selective enhancement of Balmer lines due to the mutual neutralization process of D-. Furthermore, D- density in the source region is estimated to be about 3.6×1015m-3, and the D- density in the expanding region decreases significantly. In ECR plasma source region, the plasma-wall interaction is strong due to the small volume of the cavity. The recombination desorption process produces more vibrationally excited molecules, which further enhances the dissociation attachment reaction and is beneficial to the generation of deuterium negative ions. On the other hand, the axial electric field within the ECR plasma inhibits the axial transport of D-, suggesting that the production and loss of D- is localized. These characteristics of the ECR plasma source contribute to a large gradient of D- density between the source and expanding region. -
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