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Microinverters have been widely used in distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems in recent years due to their modularity and flexibility. However, the current development of microinverter topologies faces significant challenges, such as low voltage gain and limited reliability. To solve these problems, an enhanced switched-inductor quasi-Z-Source inverter (ESL-qZSI) based on gallium nitride high electron mobility transistor (GaN HEMT) is proposed in this work. The proposed inverter introduces a novel topology that integrates an auxiliary boost unit with a switched-inductor quasi-Z-source network. This topology significantly enhances the voltage gain at low shoot-through duty ratios and reduces the voltage stress across the switching device. Additionally, the use of GaN HEMT as power switching components increases the switching frequency from the traditional 10 kHz to 100 kHz, in which a specialized negative turn-off gate driver circuit is designed to adapt the characteristics of the GaN HEMT and to ensure reliable switching operation. This increase in frequency reduces the size of passive components, such as inductors. Experimental results show that the proposed inverter achieves a boost factor of 5.75 at a shoot-through duty ratio of 0.2, which indicates that its performance is improved by 15% and 91% greater than the traditional switched-inductor-capacitor quasi-Z-source inverter (SLC-qZSI) and the traditional switched-inductor Z-source inverter (SL-ZSI), respectively. These results confirm that the proposed inverter enhances the voltage gain of existing topologies. Besides, compared with SLC-qZSI, the proposed inverter can obtain a higher efficiency of 90.5%, which shows the advantage of efficiency. In conclusion, the proposed ESL-qZSI with GaN HEMT provides a hopeful solution for high-efficiency and compact microinverter systems in photovoltaic applications.
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Keywords:
- micro photovoltaic inverter /
- switched-inductor quasi-Z-source inverter /
- GaN highelectron mobility transistor
[1] Hmad J, Houari A, Bouzid A E M, Saim A, Trabelsi H 2023 Energies 16 5062
Google Scholar
[2] Iweh C D, Gyamfi S, Tanyi E, Effah-Donyina E 2021 Energies 14 5375
Google Scholar
[3] Wang Q, Zhao B, Sun H D 2020 IEEE 4th Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2) Wuhan, China, 2020 p1407
[4] Priyadarshi N, Padmanaban S, Ionel D M, Mihet-Popa L, Azam F 2018 Energies 11 2277
Google Scholar
[5] Monjo L, Sainz L, Mesas J J, Pedra J 2021 Energies 14 508
Google Scholar
[6] Peng F Z 2003 IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 39 504
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Google Scholar
[8] Samanbakhsh R, Koohi P, Ibanez F M, Martin F, Terzija V 2023 Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 147 108819
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[9] Li Y, Anderson J, Peng F Z, Liu D C 2009 Twenty-Fourth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition Washington, DC, USA, 2009 p918
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[11] Axelrod B, Berkovich Y, Ioinovici A 2008 IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Regul. Pap. 55 687
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[12] 刘洪臣, 杨爽, 王国立, 李飞 2013 物理学报 62 150505
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Liu H C, Yang S, Wang G L, Li F 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 150505
Google Scholar
[13] Zhu M, Yu K, Luo F L 2010 IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 25 2150
Google Scholar
[14] Nguyen M K, Lim Y C, Cho G B 2011 IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 26 3183
Google Scholar
[15] Zhu X Q, Zhang B, Qiu D Y 2018 IET Power Electron. 11 1774
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[16] Karbalaei A R, Mardaneh M 2021 IEEE Ind. Electron. Mag. 15 4
Google Scholar
[17] Bolaghi J A, Taheri A, Babaei M H, Gholami M, Harajchi S 2023 IETE J. Res. 70 4231
Google Scholar
[18] Chaudhary O S, Denaï M, Refaat S S, Pissanidis G 2023 Energies 16 6689
Google Scholar
[19] Zhang Y J, Li J G, Wang J H, Zheng T Q, Jia P Y 2022 Energies 15 7791
Google Scholar
[20] 程哲 2021 物理学报 70 236502
Google Scholar
Cheng Z 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 236502
Google Scholar
[21] 王帅, 葛晨, 徐祖银, 成爱强, 陈敦军 2024 物理学报 73 177101
Google Scholar
Wang S, Ge C, Xu Z Y, Cheng A Q, Chen D J 2024 Acta Phys. Sin. 73 177101
Google Scholar
[22] Morita T, Tamura S, Anda Y, Ishida M, Uemoto Y, Ueda T, Tanaka T, Ueda D 2011 26th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) Fort Worth, TX, USA, 2011 p481
[23] Zhao C W, Trento B, Jiang L, Jones E A, Liu B, Zhang Z Y, Costinett D, Wang F, Tolbert L M, Jansen J F, Kress R, Langley R 2016 IEEE J. Emerging Sel. Top. Power Electron. 4 824
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[25] 谢瑞良, 郝翔, 王跃, 杨旭, 黄浪, 王超, 杨月红 2014 物理学报 63 120510
Google Scholar
Xie R L, Hao X, Wang Y, Yang X, Huang L, Wang C, Yang Y H 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 120510
Google Scholar
[26] 廖志贤, 罗晓曙, 黄国现 2015 物理学报 64 130503
Google Scholar
Liao Z X, Luo X S, Huang G X 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 130503
Google Scholar
[27] 易龙强, 郜克存 2008 电力电子技术 42 50
Google Scholar
Yi L Q, Gao K C 2008 Power Electron. 42 50
Google Scholar
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图 1 ESL-qZSI拓扑
Figure 1. ESL-qZSI topology.
图 2 ESL-qZSI拓扑的直通模态等效电路
Figure 2. Equivalent circuits of ESL-qZSI topology in shoot-through states.
图 3 ESL-qZSI拓扑的非直通模态等效电路
Figure 3. Equivalent circuits of ESL-qZSI topology in nonshoot-through states.
图 4 不同拓扑升压能力对比 (a)升压因子B; (b)电压增益G
Figure 4. Boosting capability comparison of different topologies: (a) Boost factor B; (b) voltage gain G
图 5 不同拓扑开关器件电压应力对比
Figure 5. Switching voltage stress comparison of different topologies.
图 6 负压关断驱动电路
Figure 6. Driver circuit with negative voltage turn-off.
图 7 直流链电压仿真波形
Figure 7. Simulation result of DC-link voltage waveform.
图 8 仿真滤波输出 (a) 电压波形; (b) THD分析
Figure 8. Simulation result of filter output: (a) Voltage waveform; (b) analysis of THD.
图 9 ESL-qZSI电容电压应力仿真结果
Figure 9. Capacitor voltage stress simulation results of ESL-qZSI.
图 10 ESL-qZSI系统测试平台
Figure 10. ESL-qZSI system test platform.
图 11 系统驱动波形
Figure 11. Experimental result of system drive waveform.
图 12 直流链电压实测波形
Figure 12. Experimental result of DC-link voltage waveform.
图 13 逆变器输出电压实测波形
Figure 13. Experimental result of inverter output voltage waveform.
图 14 逆变器输出波形THD分析
Figure 14. THD analysis of inverter output voltage.
表 1 ESL-qZSI拓扑特性
Table 1. Characteristics of ESL-qZSI topology.
参数名称 参数值 升压因子(B) $ \dfrac{2}{1-4 D+3 D^{2}} $ 电压增益(G) $ \dfrac{2}{3 M-2} $ 开关管电压应力Vsw/Vin $ \dfrac{3 G^{2}}{2 G+2} $ C1电压应力VC1/Vin $ \dfrac{1}{1-D} $ C2电压应力VC2/Vin $ \dfrac{1}{1-3 D} $ C3电压应力VC3/Vin $ \dfrac{2 D}{1-4 D+3 D^{2}} $ C4电压应力VC4/Vin $ \dfrac{2}{1-3 D} $ D1/D2电压应力VD/Vin $ \dfrac{2}{1-4 D+3 D^{2}} $ D3/D4/D5电压应力VD/Vin $ \dfrac{1-D}{1-4 D+3 D^{2}} $ 
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表 2 驱动电路关键参数
Table 2. Key parameters of driver circuit.
参数名称 R7/Ω R5/Ω R4/Ω C6/nF C3/nF C4/nF 参数值 470 10 3.3 3 100 1
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表 3 ESL-qZSI实验参数
Table 3. Experimental parameters of ESL-qZSI.
参数名称 参数值 输入电压/V 64 开关频率/kHz 100 准Z源网络电容/μF 100 准Z源网络电感/mH 0.5 LC滤波电容/μF 20 LC滤波电感/mH 1 直通占空比D 0.2 基准频率/Hz 50
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表 4 不同拓扑的典型结果对比
Table 4. Typical results of different inverter topologies.
参数 逆变器拓扑类型 SL-ZSI SLC-qZSI ESL-qZSI 数据类型 样机
测试结果理论
计算结果样机
测试结果样机
测试结果输入电压Vin/V 36 36 80 64 直通占空比D 0.3 0.2 0.206 0.2 调制系数M 0.7 0.8 0.794 0.8 升压因子B 13 3 5 5.75 开关频率/kHz 10 10 13.3 100 效率/% — — 88.5 90.5
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[1] Hmad J, Houari A, Bouzid A E M, Saim A, Trabelsi H 2023 Energies 16 5062
Google Scholar
[2] Iweh C D, Gyamfi S, Tanyi E, Effah-Donyina E 2021 Energies 14 5375
Google Scholar
[3] Wang Q, Zhao B, Sun H D 2020 IEEE 4th Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2) Wuhan, China, 2020 p1407
[4] Priyadarshi N, Padmanaban S, Ionel D M, Mihet-Popa L, Azam F 2018 Energies 11 2277
Google Scholar
[5] Monjo L, Sainz L, Mesas J J, Pedra J 2021 Energies 14 508
Google Scholar
[6] Peng F Z 2003 IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 39 504
Google Scholar
[7] Yuan J, Yang Y H, Blaabjerg F 2020 Energies 13 1390
Google Scholar
[8] Samanbakhsh R, Koohi P, Ibanez F M, Martin F, Terzija V 2023 Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 147 108819
Google Scholar
[9] Li Y, Anderson J, Peng F Z, Liu D C 2009 Twenty-Fourth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition Washington, DC, USA, 2009 p918
[10] Rajan V R, Premalatha L 2017 Int. J. Power Electron. Drive Syst. 8 325
Google Scholar
[11] Axelrod B, Berkovich Y, Ioinovici A 2008 IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Regul. Pap. 55 687
Google Scholar
[12] 刘洪臣, 杨爽, 王国立, 李飞 2013 物理学报 62 150505
Google Scholar
Liu H C, Yang S, Wang G L, Li F 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 150505
Google Scholar
[13] Zhu M, Yu K, Luo F L 2010 IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 25 2150
Google Scholar
[14] Nguyen M K, Lim Y C, Cho G B 2011 IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 26 3183
Google Scholar
[15] Zhu X Q, Zhang B, Qiu D Y 2018 IET Power Electron. 11 1774
Google Scholar
[16] Karbalaei A R, Mardaneh M 2021 IEEE Ind. Electron. Mag. 15 4
Google Scholar
[17] Bolaghi J A, Taheri A, Babaei M H, Gholami M, Harajchi S 2023 IETE J. Res. 70 4231
Google Scholar
[18] Chaudhary O S, Denaï M, Refaat S S, Pissanidis G 2023 Energies 16 6689
Google Scholar
[19] Zhang Y J, Li J G, Wang J H, Zheng T Q, Jia P Y 2022 Energies 15 7791
Google Scholar
[20] 程哲 2021 物理学报 70 236502
Google Scholar
Cheng Z 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 236502
Google Scholar
[21] 王帅, 葛晨, 徐祖银, 成爱强, 陈敦军 2024 物理学报 73 177101
Google Scholar
Wang S, Ge C, Xu Z Y, Cheng A Q, Chen D J 2024 Acta Phys. Sin. 73 177101
Google Scholar
[22] Morita T, Tamura S, Anda Y, Ishida M, Uemoto Y, Ueda T, Tanaka T, Ueda D 2011 26th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) Fort Worth, TX, USA, 2011 p481
[23] Zhao C W, Trento B, Jiang L, Jones E A, Liu B, Zhang Z Y, Costinett D, Wang F, Tolbert L M, Jansen J F, Kress R, Langley R 2016 IEEE J. Emerging Sel. Top. Power Electron. 4 824
Google Scholar
[24] Jagan V, Ullemgondla G, Thati D, Salveru B, Ongole D, Banoth S 2024 3rd International Conference on Power Electronics and IoT Applications in Renewable Energy and its Control (PARC) Mathura, India, 2024 p475
[25] 谢瑞良, 郝翔, 王跃, 杨旭, 黄浪, 王超, 杨月红 2014 物理学报 63 120510
Google Scholar
Xie R L, Hao X, Wang Y, Yang X, Huang L, Wang C, Yang Y H 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 120510
Google Scholar
[26] 廖志贤, 罗晓曙, 黄国现 2015 物理学报 64 130503
Google Scholar
Liao Z X, Luo X S, Huang G X 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 130503
Google Scholar
[27] 易龙强, 郜克存 2008 电力电子技术 42 50
Google Scholar
Yi L Q, Gao K C 2008 Power Electron. 42 50
Google Scholar
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