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太赫兹成像在生物医学领域的应用潜力非常大, 针对这个需求, 本文设计并搭建了一种利用光整流和波前倾斜技术产生强场太赫兹信号以及基于电光探测的实时太赫兹(terahertz, THz)近场光谱成像系统. 该系统可以进行大视场THz成像和紧聚焦THz成像的切换使用, 为实现系统集成化应用提供了方法. 并且由于成像是基于传统的太赫兹时域光谱方法, 可以同时获得样品图像光谱幅度和相位信息, 光谱分辨率约15 GHz. 利用该系统测量研究了一系列微纳加工的样品, 对成像系统的性能进行了分析. 结果表明, 该实时太赫兹近场光谱成像系统在空间分辨率和成像速度上的优越性, 在1024 × 512的像素下, 实时成像帧率高达20 f/s (1200 张/min). 在大视场THz成像下, 空间最优分辨率在1.5 THz达λ/4; 在紧聚焦THz成像下, 空间最优分辨率在0.82 THz达λ/12, 这些性能使该系统在生物医学成像、生物效应等方面具有很好的应用场景.In this paper, a real-time near-field high-resolution THz (terahertz, THz) spectral imaging system is designed and built by using optical rectification and wave-front tilting to generate strong-field terahertz signals and based on electro-optical detection. The system can switch between large beam THz imaging and tight-focusing THz imaging, which provides a method for implementing the integrated application of the system. Since the imaging is based on the traditional THz time-domain spectroscopy method, the spectral amplitude and phase information of the sample can be obtained simultaneously. The spectral resolution is about 15 GHz. A series of micromachining samples is measured and studied by using the system, and the performance of the imaging system is analyzed by using the micron structure. The results show the superiority of the real-time high-resolution terahertz spectral imaging system in terms of spatial resolution and imaging speed. The real-time imaging frame rate is up to 20 f/s (1200 frames/min) at 1024 pixel × 512 pixel. In the large-field THz imaging, the optimal spatial resolution reaches λ/4 at 1.5 THz. In the tightly focused THz imaging, the optimal spatial resolution reaches λ/12 at 0.82 THz. These properties make the system suitable for the applications in biomedical imaging, bbological effects and other areas .
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Keywords:
- terahertz /
- near-field imaging /
- time-domain spectroscopy /
- real-time frame rate
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图 1 实时太赫兹近场光谱成像原理图 (a) THz成像系统结构示意图; (b) THz实时成像原理示意图
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of real-time Terahertz near-field spectral imaging: (a) Schematic diagram of THz imaging system; (b) schematic diagram of THz real-time imaging principle.
图 2 太赫兹光束图像及横截面轮廓 (a) 大视场光束及横截面轮廓; (b) 紧聚焦光束及横截面轮廓
Fig. 2. Terahertz beam image and cross-sectional profile: (a) Large field of view beam and cross-sectional profile; (b) tightly focused beam and cross-sectional profile.
图 3 微结构示意图 (a) 微纳加工流程图; (b) 结构设计图
Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of the microstructure: (a) Micro-nano processing flow chart; (b) structural design drawing.
图 5 太赫兹成像物理特性模型 (a) 大视场成像; (b) 紧聚焦成像
Fig. 5. Physical characteristic model of terahertz imaging: (a) Large field of view imaging; (b) tight focus imaging.
图 6 紧聚焦太赫兹光路“N”结构成像结果分析 (a) 太赫兹时域波形; (b) 太赫兹频域频谱; (c) 时域最大值处对应的CCD相机获取的时域样品太赫兹成像; (d) 几个不同频率处的太赫兹成像; (e) 样品时域太赫兹成像分辨率结果分析; (f) 样品频域分辨率结果分析
Fig. 6. THz imaging of the “N” sample by tightly focused THz beam: (a) The terahertz time domain waveform of “N” sample; (b) corresponding terahertz spectroscopy; (c) the temporal THz image from CCD camera when the waveform value is the maximum; (d) coppresponding frequency domain THz images; (e) the temporal THz imaging resolution; (f) the frequency THz imaging resolution
图 7 大视场光路下扇形样品的太赫兹成像结果 (a) 样品太赫兹时域波形; (b) 对应的样品太赫兹频谱; (c) 样品时域最大值处太赫兹成像; (d) 不同频率下太赫兹成像; (e) 样品时域分辨率分析; (f) 样品频域分辨率结果
Fig. 7. THz imaging by large parallel THz beam: (a) The terahertz time domain waveform of the sample; (b) corresponding terahertz spectroscopy; (c) the temporal THz image from CCD camera when the waveform value is the maximum; (d) corresponding frequency domain THz images; (e) the temporal THz imaging resolution; (f) the frequency THz imaging resolution.
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[1] Ferguson B, Zhang X C 2002 Nat. Mater. 1 26
Google Scholar
[2] Wang L P, Wu X, Peng Y, Yang Q R, Chen X H, Wu W W, Zhu Y M, Zhuang S L 2020 Biomed. Opt. Express 11 2570
Google Scholar
[3] Wang X K, Cui Y, Dan H, Sun W F, Ye J S, Zhang Y 2009 Opt. Commun. 282 4683
Google Scholar
[4] Yang X, Zhao X, Yang K, Liu Y P, Liu Y, Fu W L, Luo Y 2016 Trends Biotechnol. 34 810
Google Scholar
[5] Ortolani M, Lee J S, Schade U, Hübers H W 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 081906
Google Scholar
[6] Jiang Z, Zhang X C 1999 Opt. Express 5 243
Google Scholar
[7] Peng Y, Shi C, Wang L, Wu X, Zhu Y 2019 Terahertz Sci. Appl. TW2F.3
[8] Hu B B, Nuss M C 1995 Opt. Lett. 20 1716
Google Scholar
[9] Chen H T, Kersting R, Cho G C 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 3009
Google Scholar
[10] 许悦红, 张学迁, 王球, 田震, 谷建强, 欧阳春梅, 路鑫超, 张文涛, 韩家广, 张伟力 2016 物理学报 65 024101
Google Scholar
Xu Y H, Zhang X Q, Wang Q, Tian Z, Gu J Q, Ouyang C M, Lu X C, Zhang W T, Han J G, Zhang W L 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 024101
Google Scholar
[11] Cocker T L, Jelic V, Hillenbrand R, Hegmann F A 2021 Nat. Photonics 15 558
[12] Lee A W, Hu Q 2005 Opt. Lett. 30 2563
Google Scholar
[13] Chan W L, Charan K, Takhar D, Kelly K F, Baraniuk R G, Mittleman D M 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 121105
Google Scholar
[14] Stantchev R I, Sun B, Homett S M, Hobson P A, Gibson G M, Padgett M J, Hendry E 2016 Sci. Adv. 2 e1600190
Google Scholar
[15] Chen S C, Feng Z, Li J, Tan W, Du H L, Cai J W, Ma Y C, He K, Ding H F, Zhai Z H, Li Z R, Qiu C W, Zhang X C, Zhu L G 2020 Light Sci. Appl. 9 1
Google Scholar
[16] Wu Q, Hewitt T D, Zhang X C 1996 Appl. Phys. Lett. 69 1026
Google Scholar
[17] Wang X K, Cui Y, Sun W F, Ye J, Zhang Y 2010 Opt. Commun. 283 4626
Google Scholar
[18] Hirori H, Doi A, Blanchard F, Tanaka K 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 091106
Google Scholar
[19] Zhu L G, Li Z R, Pu Y K 2010 Opt. Commun. 283 1873
Google Scholar
[20] Li Z X, Yan S H, Zang Z Y, Geng G S. Yang Z B, Li J, Wang L H, Yao C Y, Cui H L, Chang C, Wang H B 2020 Cell Proliferation 53 e12788
[21] 韩家广, 朱亦鸣, 张雅鑫 2019 中国激光 46 0614000
Google Scholar
Han J G, Zhu Y M, Zhang Y X 2019 Chin. J. Lasers 46 0614000
Google Scholar
[22] Wang X K, Cui Y, Sun W, Zhang Y, Zhang C 2007 Opt. Express 15 14369
Google Scholar
[23] Hillenbrand R, Keilmann F 2001 Appl. Phys. B 73 239
Google Scholar
[24] Dio A, Blanchard F, Tanaka T, Tanaka K 2011 J. Infrared Millimer Waves 32 1043
Google Scholar
[25] Dorney T D, Baraniuk R G, Mittleman D M 2001 JOSA A 18 1562
Google Scholar
[26] Blanchard F, Razzari L, Bandulet H C, Sharma G, Morandotti R, Kieffer J C, Ozaki T, Reid M, Tiedje H F, Haugen H K, Hegmann F A 2007 Opt. Express 15 13212
Google Scholar
[27] Huber A J, Keilmann F, Wittborn J, Aizpurua J, Hillenbrand R 2008 Nano Lett. 8 3766
Google Scholar
[28] Andreev V G, Angeluts A A, Vdovin V A, Lukichev V F 2015 Tech. Phys. Lett. 41 180
Google Scholar
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