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As the main means of obtaining extremely low temperatures of 10mK, dilution refrigerators are widely used in quantum computing, condensed matter physics and other fields. The development of the most widely used typical dry dilution refrigerators has been relatively mature internationally, while there is little research on other types of dilution refrigerators, and there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic research on dilution refrigeration technology.
This paper focuses on the current status of dilution refrigeration technology research, introduces its basic principles, and points out that the fundamental reason for continuous refrigeration is the limited solubility of 3He in 4He and the enthalpy difference between the concentrated phase and the dilute phase. The implementation forms and research progress of typical dilution refrigerators, 4He cycle dilution refrigerators, cold cycle dilution refrigerators and space dilution refrigerators are summarized, and their respective application occasions and advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The key influencing factors and design calculation methods for realizing dilution refrigerators below 10mK are analyzed from the aspects of Kapitza thermal resistance, osmotic pressure, and resistance, providing a reference for the research of dilution refrigeration technology. -
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