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基于声黑洞结构独特的声波捕获与能量聚集效应，本文提出了一种新型声黑洞楔形结构振动模式转换超声换能器。该换能器由一个纵向夹心式换能器和一个声黑洞楔形结构辐射板组成。基于铁木辛柯梁理论，利用传输矩阵法建立了辐射板弯曲振动的理论模型，计算得到的振动频率与有限元仿真频率吻合较好。对换能器的电阻抗频率响应特性、振动模态以及空气中近场辐射声压分布进行了仿真模拟，结果显示，声黑洞楔形结构辐射板的振幅逐级增大，近场辐射声压呈现出梯度分布的特点。加工了换能器样机，并对其进行实验测试，测试结果验证了设计方法的可行性。最后进行了超声悬浮实验，结果表明声黑洞设计可以赋能于超声悬浮技术，构造出声压梯度分布的声场，实现粒子筛选。Acoustic black hole (ABH) structure has been extensively applied in vibration mitigation, noise reduction, energy harvesting and so on, owing to its unique sound wave trapping and energy concentration effects. Besides, ABH structure holds emerging potential for enhancing ultrasonic device's performance and constructing multifunctional acoustic field. Hence, this paper proposes an ultrasonic mode-conversion transducer consisting of a longitudinal sandwich transducer and an ABH wedge radiant plate to explore the possibility of ABH for applications in ultrasonic levitation and multifunctional particle manipulation. The theoretical model of flexural vibration of the radiant plate is established by utilizing Timoshenko beam theory and transfer matrix method, and the calculated vibration frequencies are in good agreement with those obtained by finite element method (FEM). The electrical impedance frequency response characteristics, vibration modes and the near-field sound pressure distribution of the transducer in air are also simulated. The results indicate that the amplitude of the ABH wedge radiant plate increases stepwise, and the sound pressure exhibits a gradient distribution. A prototype of the transducer is fabricated and experimentally tested, confirming the accuracy of FEM simulations and the feasibility of the design approach. Finally, the result of the ultrasonic levitation experiment indicates that the ABH design can give rise to gradient distribution of sound pressure in standing wave sound field for precise particle sorting.
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Keywords:
- Acoustic black hole structure /
- Air-coupled ultrasonic transducer /
- Longitudinal-flexural mode conversion /
- Ultrasonic levitation
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