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量子导引, 作为一种特殊的量子关联, 相较于量子纠缠和贝尔非局域性, 展现出了特有的不对称性. 这种不对称性使得两个独立的光学模式之间, 通过量子导引交换可以建立单向或双向的导引, 这对构建非对称量子网络具有至关重要的意义. 本文提出了基于三组份与两组份纠缠态的全光学量子导引交换方案, 这一方案利用低噪声、高带宽的四波混频过程, 无测量地实现了传统方案中贝尔态测量的功能, 避免了光电和电光转换. 在导引交换操作后, 原本独立的无直接相互作用的两个纠缠态产生了量子导引. 具体研究了四波混频过程联合线性分束器或非线性分束器两种交换方案, 研究发现, 通过调节线性分束器的透射率和四波混频过程的增益, 可以实现三模间的量子导引. 这为单向量子通信和量子信息处理提供了新的可能性, 使得量子资源的利用更加安全和可控.
Quantum resource swapping is crucial for establishing quantum networks and achieving efficient quantum communication and it allows quantum resources to be shared and allocated between nodes in a quantum network, thereby enhancing network flexibility and quantum information processing capabilities. Quantum steering is a special type of quantum correlation that exhibits unique asymmetry compared with quantum entanglement and Bell nonlocality. This asymmetry enables quantum steering swapping to establish one-way or two-way asymmetry quantum steering between two independent optical modes, which is crucial for constructing asymmetric quantum networks. In this work, an all-optical quantum steering swapping scheme is proposed based on tripartite entangled state and bipartite entangled state. The all-optical scheme does not involve optic-electro conversion nor electro-optic conversion, but utilizes a low-noise, high-bandwidth four-wave mixing process to achieve the function of Bell state measurement in traditional schemes without measurement. After the steering swapping operation, the two originally independent entangled states without direct interaction generate quantum steering. In this work, two swapping schemes in the four-wave mixing processes, combined with linear beam splitter and nonlinear beam splitter, are investigated. By analyzing the steering characteristics of the output modes, both schemes exhibit varieties of multipartite steering types. By adjusting the transmissivity of the linear beam splitter and the gain of the four-wave mixing process, the steering relationship can be flexibly manipulated to achieve one-way and two-way asymmetry steering. This provides new possibilities for one-way quantum communication and quantum information processing, making the utilization of quantum resources more efficient and controllable. Through in-depth analysis of the steering characteristics after swapping, it is found that compared with the linear beam splitter scheme, the nonlinear beam splitter scheme not only significantly improves the capability of quantum steering, but also allows for more flexible manipulation of monogamy relations of quantum steering. By optimizing the gain parameters of the nonlinear beam splitter, the precise manipulation of the monogamy relations can be achieved over a wider range. This not only expands broader application prospects for information processing and quantum communication in quantum networks, but also lays an important foundation for building efficient and secure quantum information processing systems. Optomicrowave entanglement and optomagnonic entanglement havesignificant applications in constructing hybrid quantum network andoptical controlling magnons. In this paper, a theoretical scheme ofenhancing optomicrowave and optomagnonic entanglements is proposed, based on a coherent-feedback-assisted optomagnomechanical (OMM)system. By inserting a thin membrane between the input-output mirrorand the high-reflective-mirror-attached the YIG bridge, the systemconsists of four kinds of modes: optical mode, microwave mode, mechanical mode, and magnon mode. In this system, optical andmicrowave modes interact with each other through the mechanical mode, while the magnon mode couples with the microwave mode throughmagnetic-dipole interaction. The variations of the optomicrowave andoptomagnonic entanglements with different detunings, coupling strengths, and decay rates are thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, the optimalcoherent feedback parameters and the physical mechanisms of generatingand transferring entanglement are analyzed, and the entanglementenhancements by adding the feedback loop are discussed. The resultsshow that both optomicrowave and optomagnonic entanglements can besignificantly and stably enhanced over a wide range of parameters, withcoherent feedback. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for connectingdifferent nodes (different physical systems) to construct hybrid quantumnetworks, flexibly controlling the quantum properties of magnons, andpreparing macroscopic quantum states. -
Keywords:
- quantum steering swapping /
- four-wave mixing process /
- multipartite steering /
- quantum communication
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图 1 三组份全光量子导引交换方案示意图 (a) 利用线性分束器方案; (b) 利用非线性分束器方案
Fig. 1. Schematic of all-optical quantum steering swapping schemes: (a) Using a linear BS; (b) using a nonlinear BS.
图 2 在不同透射率${T_1}$和增益${G_1}$下, 两模间的量子导引参数随${G_2}$的变化 (a) ${T_1} = 0.2$时, 模${\hat A_1}$和${\hat C_1}$之间的导引; (b) ${T_1} = 0.5$时, 模${\hat A_1}$和${\hat C_1}$之间的导引; (c) ${T_1} = 0.2$时, 模${\hat B_1}$和${\hat C_1}$之间的导引; (d) ${T_1} = 0.5$时, 模${\hat B_1}$和${\hat C_1}$之间的导引
Fig. 2. Steering parameter between any two modes versus ${G_2}$ under different transmissivity ${T_1}$and gain ${G_1}$: (a) The steering between ${\hat A_1}$ and ${\hat C_1}$ $\left( {{T_1} = 0.2} \right)$; (b) the steering between ${\hat A_1}$ and ${\hat C_1}$$\left( {{T_1} = 0.5} \right)$; (c) the steering between ${\hat B_1}$ and ${\hat C_1}$$\left( {{T_1} = 0.2} \right)$; (d) the steering between ${\hat B_1}$and ${\hat C_1}$$\left( {{T_1} = 0.5} \right)$.
图 3 任意两模间量子导引参数随透射率${T_1}$的变化$ ({G}_{1}={G}_{2}=2) $
Fig. 3. Quantum steering parameter between any two modes versus ${T_1}$$ ({G}_{1}={G}_{2}=2) $.
图 4 一个模式与另外两个模式之间的量子导引参数随透射率${T_1}$的变化$ ({G}_{1}={G}_{2}=2) $ (a) 模式$ {\hat A_1} $和${\hat B_1}$分别作为导引方和被导引方; (b) 模式$ {\hat C_1} $作为导引方和被导引方
Fig. 4. Quantum steering parameter between one and the other two modes versus ${T_1}$$ ({G}_{1}={G}_{2}=2) $: (a) Modes $ {\hat A_1} $ and ${\hat B_1}$ serve as steering party and steered party, respectively; (b) mode $ {\hat C_1} $ serves as steering party and steered party.
图 5 在不同增益${G_1}$下, 两模间的量子导引参数随增益${G_2}$的变化$\left( {{G_4} = 2.5} \right)$ (a) 模${\hat A_2}$和${\hat C_2}$之间的导引; (b) 模${\hat B_2}$和${\hat C_2}$之间的导引
Fig. 5. Steering parameter between any two modes versus ${G_2}$ under different gain ${G_1}$$\left( {{G_4} = 2.5} \right)$: (a) The steering between ${\hat A_2}$ and ${\hat C_2}$; (b) the steering between ${\hat B_2}$ and ${\hat C_2}$.
图 6 任意两模间量子导引参数随增益$ {G_4} $的变化$ ({G}_{1}= $$ {G}_{2}=2) $
Fig. 6. Quantum steering parameter between any two modes versus $ {G_4} $$ ({G}_{1}={G}_{2}=2) $.
图 7 一个模式与另外两个模式之间的量子导引参数随增益${G_4}$的变化$ ({G}_{1}={G}_{2}=2) $: (a) 模式$ {\hat A_2} $和${\hat B_2}$分别作为导引方和被导引方; (b) 模式$ {\hat C_2} $作为导引方和被导引方
Fig. 7. Quantum steering parameter between one and the other two modes versus ${G_4}$$ ({G}_{1}={G}_{2}=2) $: (a) Modes $ {\hat A_2} $ and ${\hat B_2}$ serve as steering party and steered party, respectively; (b) mode $ {\hat C_2} $ serves as steering party and steered party.
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