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传统等离子体诱导透明(plasmon induced transparency, PIT)受限于多种明暗模式间的耦合机制. 为了突破该机制的局限性, 本研究提出了一种双偏振石墨烯超表面结构, 该结构由4组对称L型石墨烯环绕十字形中空石墨烯组成, 通过两个单PIT之间的协同效应形成了三重PIT. 研究发现, 通过费米能级和载流子迁移率的调制, 该结构作为慢光器件展现出高达500的群折射率, 具备优异的慢光调控能力. 作为偏振器件, 该结构具有双偏振特性, 在x和y偏振光入射下均能产生三重PIT窗口. 特别的是, 共振频率f6不受入射光偏振方向的影响. 这种在不同偏振光下均具有良好的稳定性和抗干扰能力对偏振器件的设计尤为重要. 因此, 本研究设计了一种慢光调控和偏振选择于一体的多功能集成器件, 为基于偏振不敏感的协同效应提供了新的理论指导和研究方向.Plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) is a class of electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon that enhances the interaction between light and matter, thereby improving the performance of nano-optical devices. However, traditional PITs usually rely on near-field coupling between bright modes and dark modes. In order to break through the limitation of this mechanism, in this study we propose a dual-polarized graphene hypersurface structure, which consists of four groups of symmetric L-shaped graphene surrounding cross-shaped hollow graphene, forming a triple PIT through the synergistic effect between two single PITs. The accuracy of the results is verified by simulating the transmission spectra using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), which is highly similar to that of the coupled-mode theory (CMT) results. It is found that by modulating the Fermi energy levels and carrier mobility, this structure exhibits a group refractive index of up to 500 as a slow-light device, demonstrating excellent slow-light control capability. As a polarizing device, this structure has dual polarization characteristics and can generate a triple PIT window under both x and y polarized light incidence. In particular, the resonant frequency f6 is not affected by the direction of polarization of the incident light. This good stability and resistance to interference in various polarized light conditions are particularly important for designing polarization devices. Meanwhile, we adjust the length parameter of graphene L2 and find that the resonance frequency f6 is still highly stable, showing a better tolerance to structural changes. Therefore, in this study, a multifunctional integrated device with slow light modulation and polarization selection in one device is designed, providing new theoretical guidance and research directions for synergistic effects based on polarization insensitivity.
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Keywords:
- plasmon-induced transparency /
- synergisticeffect /
- slow-light /
- polarization characteristics
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图 1 (a) 所提出的超表面的三维结构透视图和侧视图; (b) 一个周期单元结构顶视图; (c) 石墨烯结构制备过程的示意图
Fig. 1. (a) Perspective and side views of the three-dimensional structure of the proposed hypersurface; (b) top view of one cycle unit structure; (c) schematic diagram of the process of preparing graphene structures.
图 3 (a)—(c) 不同石墨烯结构之间相互作用的透射光谱; (d) 三重PIT共振频率下的归一化电场分布图
Fig. 3. (a)–(c) Transmission spectra illustrating interactions between different graphene structures; (d) normalized electric field distribution at triple PIT resonance frequencies.
图 4 (a) 不同费米能级下FDTD模拟和CMT计算的透射光谱; (b) 三重PIT在不同费米能级的三维演化
Fig. 4. (a) Transmission spectra from FDTD simulations and CMT calculations at Fermi levels; (b) three-dimensional evolution of the triple-PIT at different Fermi levels.
图 6 不同石墨烯载流子迁移率条件下, 群折射率和相移随频率的变化(EF = 1.0 eV) (a) 0.5 m2/(V·s); (b) 1.0 m2/(V·s); (c) 2.0 m2/(V·s); (d) 3.0 m2/(V·s)
Fig. 6. Variation of group index and phase shift with frequency at graphene carrier mobilities of (a) 0.5 m2/(V·s), (b) 1.0 m2/(V·s), (c) 2.0 m2/(V·s), and (d) 3.0 m2/(V·s) (EF = 1.0 eV).
图 7 (a) 偏振光入射角从0°—90°变化的透射光谱; (b) 偏振光入射角的透射率随频率变化的三维演化; (c) 共振频率随角度变化的趋势图
Fig. 7. (a) Transmission spectra under varying polarization angles of incident light from 0° to 90°; (b) three-dimensional mapping of transmittance versus frequency and polarization angle; (c) trend plot of resonance frequency versus angle.
图 8 (a)—(c) 分别为SS, SZ和整个结构对于偏振光的透射光谱; (d) 不同偏振光下整体结构的电场分布图
Fig. 8. (a)–(c) Transmission spectra of the SS, SZ, and the entire structure under polarized illumination, respectively; (d) plot of the electric field distribution of the overall structure under different polarized light.
表 1 不同图案化石墨烯的性能比较
Table 1. Comparison of the properties of different patterned grapheme.
Reference
/yearModulation mode Material structure Group index Polarization direction or sensitive 2020[47] Dual-frequency Single-layer continuous patterned graphene 358 x-polarization 2021[34] Multiple-frequency Single-layer discrete patterned graphene 321 Polarization-insensitive 2022[48] Multiple-frequency Double-layer patterned graphene <500 x-polarization 2023[49] Dual-frequency Monolayer patterned black phosphorus 219 x-polarization 2023[50] Multiple-frequency Double-layer patterned graphene 424 Polarization-insensitive 2024[51] Multiple-frequency Single-layer silicon nanostrip array 320 x or y-polarization This work Multiple-frequency Single-layer discrete patterned graphene 500 x or y-polarization-insensitive 
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