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已报道的太赫兹涡旋波束产生器大多数是在固定频率产生涡旋波束, 限制了它的实际应用场景. 本文提出一种频率可切换太赫兹涡旋波束超表面, 通过改变外部温度, 二氧化钒相态也随之改变, 该超表面可以实现在单频模式和双频模式的自由切换. 室温下, 所设计的超表面在频率1.1 THz处可以产生具有不同拓扑电荷数的涡旋波束, 而且它们的模式纯度均在 85%以上. 外部温度变为68 ℃时, 该超表面工作频率切换到两个频率点0.7和1.23 THz, 产生不同拓扑荷数的涡旋波束, 模式纯度均大于 60%. 设计的频率可切换太赫兹涡旋产生器为无线太赫兹通信中工作频率调制提供了一个新的设计思路.Most of the reported vortex beam generators generate vortex beams at a fixed frequency, which limits the practical applications. Therefore, it is inevitable to explore a vortex beam generator, which can actively control the operating frequency. We propose a switchable frequency terahertz vortex beam metasurface, it is freely switchable under single-frequency mode and dual-frequency mode by changing the external temperature, the phase state of vanadium dioxide (VO2) is also changeable. External temperature changes will cause VO2 to transform from insulating state to metallic state. Generally, VO2 conductivity can increase by several orders of magnitude as operating temperature changes. By using the phase change property of VO2, we can obtain a metasurface with switchable operating frequencies. For operating at room temperature, the proposed metasurface behaves as a single-frequency terahertz vortex generator. When (left-handed circularly polarized, LCP) terahertz wave is vertically incident on the metasurface, it generates vortex beams with different topological charge numbers at a frequency of 1.1 THz, and the mode purity is above 85%. The simulation results show that the mode purity of the vortex beam with the topological charge l = 1 is 90%, and the mode purity is about 91.1% for the vortex beam with l = 2, and 85.4% for the vortex beam with l = 3. When the external temperature is of 68 ℃, the designed metasurface becomes a dual-frequency vortex beam generator. At this time, the operating frequencies of vortex beams with different topological charges (l = 1, 2, 3) are 0.7 and 1.23 THz, whose mode purities are both above 60%. That is to say, the corresponding mode purities at topological charge with l = 1 for two operating frequencies are 89.1% and 71.6%, respectively. The mode purities are 83.2% and 94.4% with topological charge l = 2, respectively. The mode purities are 62.4% and 68.2% with topological charge l = 3, respectively. Therefore, the proposed switchable frequency terahertz vortex generator provides a new design idea for working frequency modulation in wireless terahertz communication.
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Keywords:
- terahertz vortex /
- switchable /
- frequency regulation
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[3] Yang Z B, Tang D Y, Hu J, Tang M J, Zhang M K, Cui H L, Wang L H, Chang C, Fan C H, Li J, Wang H B 2021 Small 17 2005814Google Scholar
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[5] Zhou J, Wang X M, Wang Y X, Huang G R, Yang X, Zhang Y, Xiong Y, Liu L, Zhao X, Fu W L 2021 Talanta 228 122213Google Scholar
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[7] Han J Q, Li L, Yi H, Shi Y 2018 Opt. Mater. Express 8 3470Google Scholar
[8] Bao L, Fu X J, Wu R Y, Ma Q, Cui T J 2021 Adv. Mater. Technol. 6 2001032Google Scholar
[9] 李晓楠, 周璐, 赵国 2019 物理学报 68 238101Google Scholar
Li X N, Zhou L, Zhao G Z 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 238101Google Scholar
[10] Li W Y, Zhao G Z, Meng T H, Sun R, Guo J Y 2021 Chin. Phys. B 30 058103Google Scholar
[11] Zhang X D, Kong D P, Yuan Y, Mei S, Wang L L, Wang G X 2020 Opt. Commun. 465 125561Google Scholar
[12] Tang S W, Li X K, Pan W K, Zhou J, Jiang T, Ding F 2019 Opt. Express 27 4281Google Scholar
[13] Akram M R, Mehmood M Q, Bai X D, Jin R H, Premaratne M, Zhu W R 2019 Adv. Opt. Mater. 7 1801628Google Scholar
[14] Liu KY, Wang G M, Cai T, Dai B J, Xia Y, Li H P, Guo W L 2019 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 52 255002Google Scholar
[15] Xin M B, Xie R S, Zhai G H, Gao J J, Zhang D J, Wang X, An S S, Zheng B W, Zhang H L, Ding J 2020 Opt. Express 28 17374Google Scholar
[16] Xie J F, Guo H M, Zhuang S L, Hu J B 2021 Opt. Express 29 3081Google Scholar
[17] Cheng K X, Hu Z D, Kong X L, Shen X P, Wang J C 2022 Opt. Commun. 507 127631Google Scholar
[18] Ding F, Zhong S M, Bozhevolnyi S I 2018 Adv. Opt. Mater. 6 1701204Google Scholar
[19] Liu X B, Wang Q, Zhang X Q, Li H, Xu Q, Xu Y H, Chen X Y, Li S X, Liu M, Tian Z, Zhang C H, Zou C W, Han J G, Zhang W L 2019 Adv. Opt. Mater. 7 1900175Google Scholar
[20] Fan J P, Cheng Y Z 2020 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 53 025109Google Scholar
[21] Bi F, Ba Z L, Wang X 2018 Opt. Express 26 25693Google Scholar
[22] Jiang S, Chen C, Zhang H L, Chen W D 2018 Opt. Express 26 6466Google Scholar
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图 1 频率可切换太赫兹涡旋波束调控示意图 (a) 25 ℃时, LCP波入射、RCP涡旋波输出; (b) 68 ℃时, LCP波入射、两个频率的RCP涡旋波输出
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of switchable frequency terahertz vortex beam regulation: (a) At room temperature, the LCP wave incidence and RCP vortex wave output; (b) at 68 ℃, the LCP wave is incidence and RCP vortex wave output under two frequencies.
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[1] Wang D, Li N N, Li Z S, Chen C, Lee B, Wang Q H 2022 Opt. Express 30 3157Google Scholar
[2] Inoue K, Anand A, Cho M 2021 Opt. Lett. 46 1470Google Scholar
[3] Yang Z B, Tang D Y, Hu J, Tang M J, Zhang M K, Cui H L, Wang L H, Chang C, Fan C H, Li J, Wang H B 2021 Small 17 2005814Google Scholar
[4] Oda N 2010 C. R. Physique 11 496Google Scholar
[5] Zhou J, Wang X M, Wang Y X, Huang G R, Yang X, Zhang Y, Xiong Y, Liu L, Zhao X, Fu W L 2021 Talanta 228 122213Google Scholar
[6] Zhou Z, Cao Z J, Pi Y M 2018 Sensors 18 10Google Scholar
[7] Han J Q, Li L, Yi H, Shi Y 2018 Opt. Mater. Express 8 3470Google Scholar
[8] Bao L, Fu X J, Wu R Y, Ma Q, Cui T J 2021 Adv. Mater. Technol. 6 2001032Google Scholar
[9] 李晓楠, 周璐, 赵国 2019 物理学报 68 238101Google Scholar
Li X N, Zhou L, Zhao G Z 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 238101Google Scholar
[10] Li W Y, Zhao G Z, Meng T H, Sun R, Guo J Y 2021 Chin. Phys. B 30 058103Google Scholar
[11] Zhang X D, Kong D P, Yuan Y, Mei S, Wang L L, Wang G X 2020 Opt. Commun. 465 125561Google Scholar
[12] Tang S W, Li X K, Pan W K, Zhou J, Jiang T, Ding F 2019 Opt. Express 27 4281Google Scholar
[13] Akram M R, Mehmood M Q, Bai X D, Jin R H, Premaratne M, Zhu W R 2019 Adv. Opt. Mater. 7 1801628Google Scholar
[14] Liu KY, Wang G M, Cai T, Dai B J, Xia Y, Li H P, Guo W L 2019 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 52 255002Google Scholar
[15] Xin M B, Xie R S, Zhai G H, Gao J J, Zhang D J, Wang X, An S S, Zheng B W, Zhang H L, Ding J 2020 Opt. Express 28 17374Google Scholar
[16] Xie J F, Guo H M, Zhuang S L, Hu J B 2021 Opt. Express 29 3081Google Scholar
[17] Cheng K X, Hu Z D, Kong X L, Shen X P, Wang J C 2022 Opt. Commun. 507 127631Google Scholar
[18] Ding F, Zhong S M, Bozhevolnyi S I 2018 Adv. Opt. Mater. 6 1701204Google Scholar
[19] Liu X B, Wang Q, Zhang X Q, Li H, Xu Q, Xu Y H, Chen X Y, Li S X, Liu M, Tian Z, Zhang C H, Zou C W, Han J G, Zhang W L 2019 Adv. Opt. Mater. 7 1900175Google Scholar
[20] Fan J P, Cheng Y Z 2020 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 53 025109Google Scholar
[21] Bi F, Ba Z L, Wang X 2018 Opt. Express 26 25693Google Scholar
[22] Jiang S, Chen C, Zhang H L, Chen W D 2018 Opt. Express 26 6466Google Scholar
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