频率可切换太赫兹涡旋波束产生器

仲敏; 李九生

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20221184

摘要

已报道的太赫兹涡旋波束产生器大多数是在固定频率产生涡旋波束, 限制了它的实际应用场景. 本文提出一种频率可切换太赫兹涡旋波束超表面, 通过改变外部温度, 二氧化钒相态也随之改变, 该超表面可以实现在单频模式和双频模式的自由切换. 室温下, 所设计的超表面在频率1.1 THz处可以产生具有不同拓扑电荷数的涡旋波束, 而且它们的模式纯度均在 85%以上. 外部温度变为68 ℃时, 该超表面工作频率切换到两个频率点0.7和1.23 THz, 产生不同拓扑荷数的涡旋波束, 模式纯度均大于 60%. 设计的频率可切换太赫兹涡旋产生器为无线太赫兹通信中工作频率调制提供了一个新的设计思路.

关键词:

Abstract

Most of the reported vortex beam generators generate vortex beams at a fixed frequency, which limits the practical applications. Therefore, it is inevitable to explore a vortex beam generator, which can actively control the operating frequency. We propose a switchable frequency terahertz vortex beam metasurface, it is freely switchable under single-frequency mode and dual-frequency mode by changing the external temperature, the phase state of vanadium dioxide (VO₂) is also changeable. External temperature changes will cause VO₂ to transform from insulating state to metallic state. Generally, VO₂ conductivity can increase by several orders of magnitude as operating temperature changes. By using the phase change property of VO₂, we can obtain a metasurface with switchable operating frequencies. For operating at room temperature, the proposed metasurface behaves as a single-frequency terahertz vortex generator. When (left-handed circularly polarized, LCP) terahertz wave is vertically incident on the metasurface, it generates vortex beams with different topological charge numbers at a frequency of 1.1 THz, and the mode purity is above 85%. The simulation results show that the mode purity of the vortex beam with the topological charge l = 1 is 90%, and the mode purity is about 91.1% for the vortex beam with l = 2, and 85.4% for the vortex beam with l = 3. When the external temperature is of 68 ℃, the designed metasurface becomes a dual-frequency vortex beam generator. At this time, the operating frequencies of vortex beams with different topological charges (l = 1, 2, 3) are 0.7 and 1.23 THz, whose mode purities are both above 60%. That is to say, the corresponding mode purities at topological charge with l = 1 for two operating frequencies are 89.1% and 71.6%, respectively. The mode purities are 83.2% and 94.4% with topological charge l = 2, respectively. The mode purities are 62.4% and 68.2% with topological charge l = 3, respectively. Therefore, the proposed switchable frequency terahertz vortex generator provides a new design idea for working frequency modulation in wireless terahertz communication.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

仲敏,
李九生

中国计量大学太赫兹研究所, 杭州　310018

通信作者: 李九生, lijsh2008@126.com

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 61871355, 61831012)、浙江省科技厅人才工程(批准号: 2018R52043)和浙江省重点研发项目(批准号: 2021C03153, 2022C03166)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

Center for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China

Corresponding author: Li Jiu-Sheng, lijsh2008@126.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61871355, 61831012), the Talent Project of Department of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant No. 2018R52043), and the Zhejiang Provincial Key R & D Project of China (Grant Nos. 2021C03153, 2022C03166).

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	Wang D, Li N N, Li Z S, Chen C, Lee B, Wang Q H 2022 Opt. Express 30 3157 Google Scholar
[2]	Inoue K, Anand A, Cho M 2021 Opt. Lett. 46 1470 Google Scholar
[3]	Yang Z B, Tang D Y, Hu J, Tang M J, Zhang M K, Cui H L, Wang L H, Chang C, Fan C H, Li J, Wang H B 2021 Small 17 2005814 Google Scholar
[4]	Oda N 2010 C. R. Physique 11 496 Google Scholar
[5]	Zhou J, Wang X M, Wang Y X, Huang G R, Yang X, Zhang Y, Xiong Y, Liu L, Zhao X, Fu W L 2021 Talanta 228 122213 Google Scholar
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[10]	Li W Y, Zhao G Z, Meng T H, Sun R, Guo J Y 2021 Chin. Phys. B 30 058103 Google Scholar
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[19]	Liu X B, Wang Q, Zhang X Q, Li H, Xu Q, Xu Y H, Chen X Y, Li S X, Liu M, Tian Z, Zhang C H, Zou C W, Han J G, Zhang W L 2019 Adv. Opt. Mater. 7 1900175 Google Scholar
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施引文献

图 1 频率可切换太赫兹涡旋波束调控示意图　(a) 25 ℃时, LCP波入射、RCP涡旋波输出; (b) 68 ℃时, LCP波入射、两个频率的RCP涡旋波输出

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of switchable frequency terahertz vortex beam regulation: (a) At room temperature, the LCP wave incidence and RCP vortex wave output; (b) at 68 ℃, the LCP wave is incidence and RCP vortex wave output under two frequencies.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同温度下超表面单元结构的(a), (c)透射振幅和(b), (d)相位　(a), (b) 室温; (c), (d) 68 ℃

Fig. 2. (a), (c) Transmission amplitudes and (b), (d) phases of metasurface cell structure under different temperatures: (a), (b) Room temperature; (c), (d) 68 ℃.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 l = 1, 2, 3时, 频率可切换太赫兹涡旋波束超表面的(a)—(c)相位分布与(d)—(f)单元阵列排布　(a), (d) l = 1; (b), (e) l = 2; (c), (f) l = 3

Fig. 3. Phase distribution (a)–(c) and cell array arrangement (d)–(f) of switchable frequency terahertz vortex beam metasurface (l = 1, 2, 3): (a), (d) l = 1; (b), (e) l = 2; (c), (f) l = 3.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 室温下, f = 1.1 THz涡旋波束在不同拓扑荷数下的远场强度、远场相位、电场相位和振幅图　(a) l = 1; (b) l = 2; (c) l = 3

Fig. 4. At room temperature, far-field intensity, far-field phase, electric field phase and amplitude of vortex beam with different topological charges at a frequency of 1.1 THz: (a) l = 1; (b) l = 2; (c) l = 3.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 室温下, f = 1.1 THz涡旋波束在不同拓扑荷数下的模式纯度　(a) l = 1; (b) l = 2; (c) l = 3

Fig. 5. At room temperature, mode purity of vortex beam with different topological charges at a frequency of 1.1 THz: (a) l = 1; (b) l = 2; (c) l = 3.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 温度为68 ℃时, 拓扑荷数l = 1的涡旋波束的远场强度、远场相位、电场相位和振幅图　(a) f = 0.7 THz; (b) f = 1.23 THz

Fig. 6. Far-field intensity, far-field phase, electric field phase and amplitude of vortex beam with topological charge l = 1 at 68 ℃: (a) f = 0.7 THz; (b) f = 1.23 THz.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 温度为68 ℃时, 拓扑荷数l = 1的涡旋波束的模式纯度　(a) f = 0.7 THz; (b) f = 1.23 THz

Fig. 7. Mode purity of vortex beam with topological charge l = 1 at 68 ℃: (a) f = 0.7 THz; (b) f = 1.23 THz.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 温度为68 ℃时, 拓扑荷数l = 2的涡旋波束远场强度、远场相位、电场相位和振幅图　(a) f = 0.7 THz; (b) f = 1.23 THz

Fig. 8. Far-field intensity, far-field phase, electric field phase and amplitude of vortex beam with topological charge l = 2 at 68 ℃: (a) f = 0.7 THz; (b) f = 1.23 THz.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 68 ℃时, 拓扑荷数l = 2的涡旋波束的模式纯度　(a) f = 0.7 THz; (b) f = 1.23 THz

Fig. 9. Mode purity of vortex beam with topological charge l = 2 at 68 ℃: (a) f = 0.7 THz; (b) f = 1.23 THz.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 温度为68 ℃时, 拓扑荷数l = 3的涡旋波束远场强度、远场相位、电场相位和振幅图　(a) f = 0.7 THz; (b) f = 1.23 THz

Fig. 10. Far-field intensity, far-field phase, electric field phase and amplitude of vortex beam with topological charge l = 3 at 68 ℃: (a) f = 0.7 THz; (b) f = 1.23 THz.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 温度为68 ℃时, 拓扑荷数l = 3的涡旋波束的模式纯度　(a) f = 0.7 THz; (b) f = 1.23 THz

Fig. 11. Mode purity of vortex beam with topological charge l = 3 at 68 ℃: (a) f = 0.7 THz; (b) f = 1.23 THz.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

[1]	Wang D, Li N N, Li Z S, Chen C, Lee B, Wang Q H 2022 Opt. Express 30 3157 Google Scholar
[2]	Inoue K, Anand A, Cho M 2021 Opt. Lett. 46 1470 Google Scholar
[3]	Yang Z B, Tang D Y, Hu J, Tang M J, Zhang M K, Cui H L, Wang L H, Chang C, Fan C H, Li J, Wang H B 2021 Small 17 2005814 Google Scholar
[4]	Oda N 2010 C. R. Physique 11 496 Google Scholar
[5]	Zhou J, Wang X M, Wang Y X, Huang G R, Yang X, Zhang Y, Xiong Y, Liu L, Zhao X, Fu W L 2021 Talanta 228 122213 Google Scholar
[6]	Zhou Z, Cao Z J, Pi Y M 2018 Sensors 18 10 Google Scholar
[7]	Han J Q, Li L, Yi H, Shi Y 2018 Opt. Mater. Express 8 3470 Google Scholar
[8]	Bao L, Fu X J, Wu R Y, Ma Q, Cui T J 2021 Adv. Mater. Technol. 6 2001032 Google Scholar
[9]	李晓楠, 周璐, 赵国 2019 物理学报 68 238101 Google Scholar Li X N, Zhou L, Zhao G Z 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 238101 Google Scholar
[10]	Li W Y, Zhao G Z, Meng T H, Sun R, Guo J Y 2021 Chin. Phys. B 30 058103 Google Scholar
[11]	Zhang X D, Kong D P, Yuan Y, Mei S, Wang L L, Wang G X 2020 Opt. Commun. 465 125561 Google Scholar
[12]	Tang S W, Li X K, Pan W K, Zhou J, Jiang T, Ding F 2019 Opt. Express 27 4281 Google Scholar
[13]	Akram M R, Mehmood M Q, Bai X D, Jin R H, Premaratne M, Zhu W R 2019 Adv. Opt. Mater. 7 1801628 Google Scholar
[14]	Liu KY, Wang G M, Cai T, Dai B J, Xia Y, Li H P, Guo W L 2019 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 52 255002 Google Scholar
[15]	Xin M B, Xie R S, Zhai G H, Gao J J, Zhang D J, Wang X, An S S, Zheng B W, Zhang H L, Ding J 2020 Opt. Express 28 17374 Google Scholar
[16]	Xie J F, Guo H M, Zhuang S L, Hu J B 2021 Opt. Express 29 3081 Google Scholar
[17]	Cheng K X, Hu Z D, Kong X L, Shen X P, Wang J C 2022 Opt. Commun. 507 127631 Google Scholar
[18]	Ding F, Zhong S M, Bozhevolnyi S I 2018 Adv. Opt. Mater. 6 1701204 Google Scholar
[19]	Liu X B, Wang Q, Zhang X Q, Li H, Xu Q, Xu Y H, Chen X Y, Li S X, Liu M, Tian Z, Zhang C H, Zou C W, Han J G, Zhang W L 2019 Adv. Opt. Mater. 7 1900175 Google Scholar
[20]	Fan J P, Cheng Y Z 2020 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 53 025109 Google Scholar
[21]	Bi F, Ba Z L, Wang X 2018 Opt. Express 26 25693 Google Scholar
[22]	Jiang S, Chen C, Zhang H L, Chen W D 2018 Opt. Express 26 6466 Google Scholar

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