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Air-lasing is a cavityless coherent radiation generated in free space from air constituents as gain medium, featuring high collimation, high coherence, and high intensity. Benefited from the long-range filamentation of high-power ultrashort laser pulses propagating in air, the air-lasing can be induced remotely, providing an ideal light source for atmospheric remote sensing and chemical species-resolved detection. Owing to the coherent atomic/molecular excitation process accompanied with the generation of air laser, remote sensing based on air-lasing has high spectral resolution and high detection sensitivity, which recently proved to be a powerful tool for important applications such as in trace molecule detection, greenhouse gas monitoring and industrial pollutant detection. In this short review, the physical mechanism of air lasing is briefly introduced, and various applications of air laser remote sensing are reviewed emphatically, and the future research is prospected.
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Keywords:
- remote sensing /
- air lasing /
- Raman spectroscopy /
- high field laser physics
[1] 姚金平, 程亚 2020 中国激光 47 0500005
Google Scholar
Yao J, Cheng Y 2020 Chin. J. Laser 47 0500005
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[3] Polynkin P, Cheng Y 2018 Air Lasing (Cham: Springer International Publishing) p139
[4] Luo Q, Liu W W, Chin S L 2003 Appl. Phys. B 76 337
Google Scholar
[5] Dogariu A, Michael J B, Scully M O, Miles R B 2011 Science 331 442
Google Scholar
[6] Yao J P, Zeng B, Xu H L, Li G H, Chu W, Ni J L, Zhang H S, Chin S L, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 051802
Google Scholar
[7] Hemmer P R, Miles R B, Polynkin P, Siebert T, Sokolov A V, Sprangle P, Scully M O 2011 P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108 3130
Google Scholar
[8] Traverso A J, Sanchez-Gonzalez R, Yuan L Q, Wang K, Voronine D V, Zheltikov A M, Rostovtsev Y, Sautenkov V A, Sokolov A V, North S W, Scully M O 2012 P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109 15185
Google Scholar
[9] Malevich P N, Kartashov D, Pu Z, Alisauskas S, Pugzlys A, Baltuska A, Giniunas L, Danielius R, Zheltikov A, Marangoni M, Cerullo G 2012 Opt. Express 20 18784
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Google Scholar
[11] Yuan L Q, Liu Y, Yao J P, Cheng Y 2019 Adv. Quantum Tech. 2 1900080
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[12] Braun A, Korn G, Liu X, Du D, Squier J, Mourou G 1995 Opt. Lett. 20 73
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[13] Couairon A, Mysyrowicz A 2007 Phys. Rep. 441 47
Google Scholar
[14] Fu Y, Cao J C, Yamanouchi K, Xu H L 2022 Ultrafast Sci. 4 9867028
Google Scholar
[15] Zhang F B, Xie H Q, Yuan L, Zhang Z H, Fu B T, Yu S P, Li G H, Zhang N, Lu X, Yao J P, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2022 Opt. Lett. 47 481
Google Scholar
[16] Ni J L, Chu W, Zhang H S, Zeng B, Yao J P, Qiao L L, Li G H, Jing C R, Xie H Q, Xu H L, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 2250
Google Scholar
[17] Liu Z X, Yao J P, Zhang H S, Xu B, Chen J M, Zhang F B, Zhang Z H, Wan Y X, Chu W, Wang Z H, Cheng Y 2020 Phys. Rev. A 101 043404
Google Scholar
[18] Zhao X D, Nolte S, Ackermann R 2020 Opt. Lett. 45 3661
Google Scholar
[19] Zhang Z H, Zhang F B, Xu B, Xie H Q, Fu B T, Lu X, Zhang N, Yu S P, Yao J P, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2022 Ultrafast Sci. 2 9761458
Google Scholar
[20] Laurain A, Scheller M, Polynkin P 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 253901
Google Scholar
[21] Dogariu A, Miles R B 2016 Opt. Express 24 A544
Google Scholar
[22] Kartashov D, Ališauskas S, Andriukaitis G, Pugzlys A, Shneider M, Zheltikov A, Chin S L, Baltuska A 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 033831
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[23] Mitryukovskiy S, Liu Y, Ding P J, Houard A, Mysyrowicz A 2014 Opt. Express 22 12750
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[24] Mitryukovskiy S, Liu Y, Ding P J, Houard A, Couairon A, Mysyrowicz A 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 063003
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[25] Yao J P, Li G H, Jing C R, Zeng B, Chu W, Ni J L, Zhang H S, Xie H Q, Zhang C J, Li H L, Xu H L, Chin S L, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2013 New J. Phys. 15 023046
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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[32] Yao J P, Chu W, Liu Z X, Chen J M, Xu B, Cheng Y 2018 Appl. Phys. B 124 73
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Google Scholar
[34] Li H L, Hou M Y, Zang H W, Fu Y, Lotstedt E, Ando T, Iwasaki A, Yamanouchi K, Xu H L 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 013202
Google Scholar
[35] Li H X, Lötstedt E, Li H L, Zhou Y, Dong N N, Deng L H, Lu P F, Ando T, Iwasaki A, Fu Y 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 053201
Google Scholar
[36] Zhang H S, Jing C R, Yao J P, Li G H, Zeng B, Chu W, Ni J L, Xie H Q, Xu H L, Chin S L, Yamanouchi K, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2013 Phys. Rev. X 3 041009
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[38] Jing C R, Yao J P, Li Z T, Ni J L, Zeng B, Chu W, Li G H, Xie H Q, Cheng Y 2015 J. Phys. B 48 094001
Google Scholar
[39] Li G H, Jing C R, Zeng B, Xie H Q, Yao J P, Chu W, Ni J L, Zhang H S, Xu H L, Cheng Y 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 033833
Google Scholar
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[42] Zeng B, Chu W, Li G H, Yao J P, Zhang H S, Ni J L, Jing C R, Xie H Q, Cheng Y 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 042508
Google Scholar
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图 1
$ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $ 激光的时空特性[17] (a)中心波长为428 nm的$ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $ 激光光谱, 插图为$ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $ 激光的远场光斑形状; (b)$ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $ 激光的时域波形, 红色箭头标明800 nm驱动激光脉冲入射时刻Fig. 1. Spectral-temporal profiles of
$ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $ lasing[17]: (a)$ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $ laser spectrum with the central wavelength of 428 nm, the inset is the far-field profile of$ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $ laser; (b)$ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $ laser temporal profile with the red arrow denoting the timing of the 800 nm driving pulse.
图 3 利用
$ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $ 激光产生高阶拉曼散射[17] (a)实验装置示意图; (b)$ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $ 激光在不同气压的CO2气体中产生的高阶转动拉曼散射光谱, 插图为1 atm (1 atm = 1.013×105 Pa)下的拉曼散射信号空间光斑形状Fig. 3. High-order cascaded Raman scattering induced by
$ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $ laser[17]: (a) Experimental schematic; (b) measured high-order rotational Raman scattering spectra at various gas pressures of CO2, inset shows the spatial profile of Raman signals at 1 atm (1 atm = 1.013×105 Pa).
图 4
$ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $ 激光在CO2中产生拉曼散射[18] (a) CO2中对应的拉曼跃迁能级图; (b) N2,$ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $ , O2和 CO2的拉曼散射光谱Fig. 4. Raman scattering induced by
$ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $ laser: (a) Relevant Raman transition levels in CO2; (b) Raman scattering spectra of N2,$ {\rm{N}}_{2}^{+} $ , O2 and CO2.
图 5 空气激光辅助相干拉曼散射[19] (a) 空气激光和相干拉曼散射产生机制示意图; (b), (c) 相干拉曼信号强度与气体浓度的定量关系, 插图为最小浓度下测得CO2和SF6的拉曼信号
Fig. 5. Air-lasing based coherent Raman scattering[19]: (a) Generation scheme of air-lasing and coherent Raman scattering; (b), (c) intensity of Raman signal as a function of gas pressure, inset shows the measured Raman signals of CO2 and SF6 at the minimum pressures.
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[1] 姚金平, 程亚 2020 中国激光 47 0500005
Google Scholar
Yao J, Cheng Y 2020 Chin. J. Laser 47 0500005
Google Scholar
[2] Chin S L, Xu H L, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z, Yamanouchi K 2013 Chin. Opt. Lett. 11 013201
Google Scholar
[3] Polynkin P, Cheng Y 2018 Air Lasing (Cham: Springer International Publishing) p139
[4] Luo Q, Liu W W, Chin S L 2003 Appl. Phys. B 76 337
Google Scholar
[5] Dogariu A, Michael J B, Scully M O, Miles R B 2011 Science 331 442
Google Scholar
[6] Yao J P, Zeng B, Xu H L, Li G H, Chu W, Ni J L, Zhang H S, Chin S L, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2011 Phys. Rev. A 84 051802
Google Scholar
[7] Hemmer P R, Miles R B, Polynkin P, Siebert T, Sokolov A V, Sprangle P, Scully M O 2011 P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108 3130
Google Scholar
[8] Traverso A J, Sanchez-Gonzalez R, Yuan L Q, Wang K, Voronine D V, Zheltikov A M, Rostovtsev Y, Sautenkov V A, Sokolov A V, North S W, Scully M O 2012 P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109 15185
Google Scholar
[9] Malevich P N, Kartashov D, Pu Z, Alisauskas S, Pugzlys A, Baltuska A, Giniunas L, Danielius R, Zheltikov A, Marangoni M, Cerullo G 2012 Opt. Express 20 18784
Google Scholar
[10] Malevich P N, Maurer R, Kartashov D, Alisauskas S, Lanin A A, Zheltikov A M, Marangoni M, Cerullo G, Baltuska A, Pugzlys A 2015 Opt. Lett. 40 2469
Google Scholar
[11] Yuan L Q, Liu Y, Yao J P, Cheng Y 2019 Adv. Quantum Tech. 2 1900080
Google Scholar
[12] Braun A, Korn G, Liu X, Du D, Squier J, Mourou G 1995 Opt. Lett. 20 73
Google Scholar
[13] Couairon A, Mysyrowicz A 2007 Phys. Rep. 441 47
Google Scholar
[14] Fu Y, Cao J C, Yamanouchi K, Xu H L 2022 Ultrafast Sci. 4 9867028
Google Scholar
[15] Zhang F B, Xie H Q, Yuan L, Zhang Z H, Fu B T, Yu S P, Li G H, Zhang N, Lu X, Yao J P, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2022 Opt. Lett. 47 481
Google Scholar
[16] Ni J L, Chu W, Zhang H S, Zeng B, Yao J P, Qiao L L, Li G H, Jing C R, Xie H Q, Xu H L, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 2250
Google Scholar
[17] Liu Z X, Yao J P, Zhang H S, Xu B, Chen J M, Zhang F B, Zhang Z H, Wan Y X, Chu W, Wang Z H, Cheng Y 2020 Phys. Rev. A 101 043404
Google Scholar
[18] Zhao X D, Nolte S, Ackermann R 2020 Opt. Lett. 45 3661
Google Scholar
[19] Zhang Z H, Zhang F B, Xu B, Xie H Q, Fu B T, Lu X, Zhang N, Yu S P, Yao J P, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2022 Ultrafast Sci. 2 9761458
Google Scholar
[20] Laurain A, Scheller M, Polynkin P 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 253901
Google Scholar
[21] Dogariu A, Miles R B 2016 Opt. Express 24 A544
Google Scholar
[22] Kartashov D, Ališauskas S, Andriukaitis G, Pugzlys A, Shneider M, Zheltikov A, Chin S L, Baltuska A 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 033831
Google Scholar
[23] Mitryukovskiy S, Liu Y, Ding P J, Houard A, Mysyrowicz A 2014 Opt. Express 22 12750
Google Scholar
[24] Mitryukovskiy S, Liu Y, Ding P J, Houard A, Couairon A, Mysyrowicz A 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 063003
Google Scholar
[25] Yao J P, Li G H, Jing C R, Zeng B, Chu W, Ni J L, Zhang H S, Xie H Q, Zhang C J, Li H L, Xu H L, Chin S L, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2013 New J. Phys. 15 023046
Google Scholar
[26] Liu Y, Ding P J, Lambert G, Houard A, Tikhonchuk V, Mysyrowicz A 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 133203
Google Scholar
[27] Xu H L, Lötstedt E, Iwasaki A, Yamanouchi K 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8347
Google Scholar
[28] Yao J P, Jiang S C, Chu W, Zeng B, Wu C Y, Lu R F, Li Z T, Xie H Q, Li G H, Yu C, Wang Z S, Jiang H B, Gong Q H, Cheng Y 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 143007
Google Scholar
[29] Liu Y, Ding P J, Ibrakovic N, Bengtsson S, Chen S H, Danylo R, Simpson E R, Larsen E W, Zhang X, Fan Z Q 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 203205
Google Scholar
[30] Liu Z X, Yao J P, Chen J M, Xu B, Chu W, Cheng Y 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 083205
Google Scholar
[31] Britton M, Laferrière P, Ko D H, Li Z Y, Kong F Q, Brown G, Naumov A, Zhang C M, Arissian L, Corkum P B 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 133208
Google Scholar
[32] Yao J P, Chu W, Liu Z X, Chen J M, Xu B, Cheng Y 2018 Appl. Phys. B 124 73
[33] Ando T, Lötstedt E, Iwasaki A, Li H L, Fu Y, Wang S Q, Xu H L, Yamanouchi K 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 203201
Google Scholar
[34] Li H L, Hou M Y, Zang H W, Fu Y, Lotstedt E, Ando T, Iwasaki A, Yamanouchi K, Xu H L 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 013202
Google Scholar
[35] Li H X, Lötstedt E, Li H L, Zhou Y, Dong N N, Deng L H, Lu P F, Ando T, Iwasaki A, Fu Y 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 053201
Google Scholar
[36] Zhang H S, Jing C R, Yao J P, Li G H, Zeng B, Chu W, Ni J L, Xie H Q, Xu H L, Chin S L, Yamanouchi K, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2013 Phys. Rev. X 3 041009
Google Scholar
[37] Jing C R, Zhang H S, Chu W, Xie H Q, Ni J L, Zeng B, Li G H, Yao J P, Xu H L, Cheng Y, Xu Z Z 2014 Opt. Express 22 3151
Google Scholar
[38] Jing C R, Yao J P, Li Z T, Ni J L, Zeng B, Chu W, Li G H, Xie H Q, Cheng Y 2015 J. Phys. B 48 094001
Google Scholar
[39] Li G H, Jing C R, Zeng B, Xie H Q, Yao J P, Chu W, Ni J L, Zhang H S, Xu H L, Cheng Y 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 033833
Google Scholar
[40] Chen J M, Yao J P, Zhang H S, Liu Z X, Xu B, Chu W, Qiao L L, Wang Z H, Fatome J, Faucher O, Wu CY, Cheng Y 2019 Phys. Rev. A 100 031402
Google Scholar
[41] Xie H Q, Zeng B, Li G H, Chu W, Zhang H S, Jing C R, Yao J P, Ni J L, Wang Z H, Li Z T 2014 Phys. Rev. A 90 042504
Google Scholar
[42] Zeng B, Chu W, Li G H, Yao J P, Zhang H S, Ni J L, Jing C R, Xie H Q, Cheng Y 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 042508
Google Scholar
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