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利用海森伯势经典系综模型, 研究了椭偏激光场中氩原子的次序双电离. 结果发现, 激光相位随机时, 随着激光波长的增加, 离子动量分布从800 nm时的六带结构逐渐转变成1600 nm时的八带结构. 激光相位固定时, 1600 nm激光场产生的离子动量分布呈现出十带结构. 这些多带结构直接反映了椭偏场中电子的亚光周期电离动力学. 随着激光相位的变化, 离子动量谱的外部三带出现显著的移动. 正是由于外部三带位置的相位依赖导致相位随机时离子动量谱的外部区域只能观测到一条带状分布. 两电子电离时序分析发现, 相位随机时, 离子动量谱中的内带源于时间差为0.5个光周期的电离脉冲组合, 而外带来源于时间差为1, 2和3个光周期的电离脉冲的组合. 对于800 nm中间的一个带, 源于时间差为1.5和2.5个光周期的电离脉冲组合; 对于1600 nm中间的两个带, 一个源于时间差为1.5个光周期的电离脉冲组合, 另一个源于时间差为2.5和3.5个光周期的电离脉冲组合. 这些结果表明长波长和相位稳定的激光更容易观测到原子次序双电离的亚光周期动力学.In this paper, we utilize a classical ensemble model with Heisenberg-core potential to study sequential double ionization (SDI) of Ar atom by an elliptically polarized laser field. The results show that for random laser phases, as the laser wavelength increases, the ion momentum distribution gradually evolves from a six-band structure at 800 nm to an eight-band structure at 1600 nm. When the laser phase is stable, the ion momentum distribution from 1600 nm laser field exhibits a ten-band structure. These multi-band structures directly reflect the subcycle ionization dynamics of electrons in an elliptically polarized laser field. There is a significant shift among the outer three bands of ion momentum distrbutions from different laser phases, which leads to the fact that only one band is observed in the outer region of the ion momentum distribution for the case of random laser phases. By analyzing the ionization times of the two electrons, it is found that for the case of random phases, the inner bands of the ion momentum distributions originate from those combinations of electron ionization bursts with the ionization time difference of 0.5 cycle, and the outer bands arise from those combinations of ionization bursts with the ionization time difference of 1, 2 and 3 cycles. For 800 nm, the middle band corresponds to those combinations of ionization bursts with the ionization time differences of 1.5 and 2.5 cycles. For 1600 nm, there are two bands in middle regime. One is from the combination with the ionization time difference of 1.5 cycles, and the other is from those combinations with the ionization time difference of 2.5 and 3.5 cycles. These results indicate that in the case of long wavelength and phase-stable laser, the subcycle dynamics in sequential double ionization of atoms is more likely to be observed.
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Keywords:
- elliptically polarized fields /
- sequential double ionization /
- ion momentum distribution /
- subcycle dynamics
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图 1 不同波长情况下激光偏振平面内的离子动量分布, 其中激光相位随机, 脉宽为14个光周期 (a) 800 nm; (b) 1200 nm; (c) 1600 nm.
Fig. 1. Ion momentum distributions in the laser polarization plane for different wavelength, where the CEP is randomly chosen for each trajectory, and the pulse duration is 14 cycles: (a) 800 nm; (b) 1200 nm; (c) 1600 nm.
图 2 不同波长情况下沿椭圆短轴的离子动量分布, 其中分布通过对图1 px, ion∈(–0.5 a.u., 0.5 a.u.)的双电离事件积分获得, 脉宽为14个光周期 (a) 800 nm; (b) 1200 nm; (c) 1600 nm
Fig. 2. Ion momentum distributions along the minor elliptical axis for different wavelength, where the distribution is obtained by integrating the distributions of Fig. 1 over px, ion from –0.5 a.u. to 0.5 a.u., the pulse duration is 14 cycles: (a) 800 nm; (b) 1200 nm; (c) 1600 nm.
图 3 相位为0时, 不同波长下激光偏振平面内的离子动量分布(a), (b)和px, ion∈(–0.5 a.u., 0.5 a.u.)的双电离事件对应的沿椭圆短轴的离子动量分布(c), (d), 其中脉宽为14个光周期 (a), (c) 800 nm; (b), (d) 1600 nm
Fig. 3. Ion momentum distributions in the laser polarization plane (a), (b) and ion momentum distributions along the minor elliptical axis corresponding to px, ion from –0.5 a.u. to 0.5 a.u double ionization events (c), (d) for different wavelength of the CEP is 0, where the pulse duration is 14 cycles: (a), (c) 800 nm; (b), (d) 1600 nm.
图 4 不同波长下第1个电子 (a), (c)和第2个电子(b), (d)的电离时间分布(灰色虚线为y方向的负矢势, 激光相位为0, 脉宽为14个光周期) (a), (b) 800 nm; (c), (d) 1600 nm
Fig. 4. Distributions of the ionization times for the first electron (a), (c) and the second electron (b), (d) for different wavelength (The gray dashed curves represent the laser negative potential vector in y direction, the CEP is 0, the pulse duration is 14 cycles): (a), (b) 800 nm; (c), (d) 1600 nm.
图 5 1600 nm情况下第1个电子 (a)和第2个电子 (b)的电离时间分布. 灰色虚线为y方向的负矢势, 激光相位为0.5π, 脉宽为14个光周期
Fig. 5. Distributions of the ionization times for the first electron (a) and the second electron (b) for the wavelength of 1600 nm. The gray dashed curves represent the laser negative potential vector in y direction, the CEP is 0.5π, the pulse duration is 14 cycles.
图 6 不同相位情况下沿椭圆短轴的离子动量分布(脉宽为14个光周期) (a) 800 nm; (b) 1600 nm
Fig. 6. Ion momentum distributions along the minor elliptical axis for different CEPs (Pulse duration is 14 cycles): (a) 800 nm; (b) 1600 nm.
图 7 1600 nm情况下两电子的电离时间分布, 激光相位为0.5π, 脉宽为14个光周期
Fig. 7. Ionization time distributions of the first electron versus the second electron for the wavelength of 1600 nm, the CEP is 0.5π, the pulse duration is 14 cycles.
图 8 不同脉宽情况下激光偏振平面内的离子动量分布 (a) 6个光周期; (b) 10个光周期; (c) 14个光周期; (d) 18个光周期. 激光相位随机, 波长为1600 nm
Fig. 8. Ion momentum distributions in the laser polarization plane for different pulse durations: (a) 6 cycles; (b) 10 cycles; (c) 14 cycles; (d) 18 cycles. The CEP is randomly chosen for each trajectory, the laser wavelength is 1600 nm.
图 9 考虑磁场影响时激光偏振平面内的离子动量分布, 波长为1600 nm, 脉宽为14个光周期 (a) 激光相位随机; (b) 相位为0
Fig. 9. Ion momentum distributions in the laser polarization plane for the wavelength of 1600 nm and the pulse duration of 14 cycles, the laser magnetic field is included: (a) CEP is random; (b) CEP is 0.
表 1 不同电子电离脉冲组合对应的离子动量
Table 1. Ion momentums for different combinations of electron ionization bursts.
波长/nm $D_3'$
(F2, S8)$D_2'$
(F2, S6)$D_1'$
(F2, S4)$C_3'$
(F1, S8)$C_2' $
(F1, S6)$C_1' $
(F1, S4)C1
(F2, S3)C2
(F2, S5)C3
(F2, S7)D1
(F1, S3)D2
(F1, S5)D3
(F1, S7)800 — –6.04 –5.28 — –2.18 –1.42 0.51 1.39 1.99 4.38 5.26 5.86 1600 –12.93 –12.09 –10.57 –5.20 –4.35 –2.83 1.02 2.77 3.99 8.757 10.51 11.73 
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[1] L’ Huillier A, Lompre L A, Mainfray G, Manus C 1982 Phys. Rev. Lett. 48 1814
Google Scholar
[2] Wang Y L, Xu S P, Quan W, Gong C, Lai X Y, Hu S L, Liu M Q, Chen J, Liu X J 2016 Phys. Rev. A 94 053412
Google Scholar
[3] Liu Y Q, Fu L B, Ye D F, Liu J, Li M, Wu C Y, Gong Q H, Moshammer R, Ullrich J 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 013003
Google Scholar
[4] Ye D F, Li M, Fu L B, Liu J, Gong Q H, Liu Y Q, Ullrich J 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 123001
Google Scholar
[5] Lin K, Jia X Y, Yu Z Q, He F, Ma J Y, Li H, Gong X C, Song Q Y, Ji Q Y, Zhang W B, Li H X, Lu P F, Zeng H P, Chen J, Wu J 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 203202
Google Scholar
[6] Liao Q, Winney A H, Lee S K, Lin Y F, Adhikari P, Li W 2017 Phys. Rev. A 96 023401
Google Scholar
[7] Hao X L, Chen J, Li W D, Wang B B, Wang X D, Becker W 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 073002
Google Scholar
[8] Chen Z J, Liang Y Q, Lin C D 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 253201
Google Scholar
[9] Li B Q, Yang X, Ren X H, Zhang J T 2019 Opt. Express 27 32700
Google Scholar
[10] Maharjan C M, Alnaser A S, Tong X M, Ulrich B, Ranitovic P, Ghimire S, Chang Z, Litvinyuk I V, Cocke C L 2005 Phys. Rev. A 72 041403
Google Scholar
[11] Wang X, Eberly J H 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 103007
Google Scholar
[12] Pfeiffer A N, Cirelli C, Smolarski M, Döner R, Keller U 2011 Nature Phys. 7 428
Google Scholar
[13] Pfeiffer A N, Cirelli C, Smolarski M, Wang X, Eberly J H, Döner R, Keller U 2011 New J. Phys. 13 093008
Google Scholar
[14] Zhou Y M, Huang C, Liao Q, Lu P X 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 053004
Google Scholar
[15] Zhou Y M, Zhang Q B, Huang C, Lu P X 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 043427
Google Scholar
[16] Wang X, Eberly J H 2011 arXiv: 1102.0221v1 [physics. atom-ph
[17] Zhou Y M, Li M, Li Y, Tong A H, Li Q G, Lu P X 2017 Opt. Express 25 8450
Google Scholar
[18] Tong A H, Zhou Y M, Lu P X 2015 Opt. Express 23 15774
Google Scholar
[19] Schöffler M S, Xie X, Wustelt P, Moller M, Roither S, Kartashov D, Sayler A M, Baltuska A, Paulus G G, Kitzler M 2016 Phys. Rev. A 93 063421
Google Scholar
[20] Parker J S, Doherty B J S, Taylor K T, Schultz K D, Blaga C I, DiMauro L F 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 133001
Google Scholar
[21] Chen J, Liu J, Fu L B, Zheng W M 2000 Phys. Rev. A 63 011404(R
Google Scholar
[22] Haan S L, Breen L, Karim A, Eberly J H 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 103008
Google Scholar
[23] Su J, Liu Z C, Liao J Y, Huang X F, Li Y B, Huang C 2022 Opt. Express 30 24898
Google Scholar
[24] Xu T T, Zhu Q Y, Chen J H, Ben S, Zhang J, Liu X S 2018 Opt. Express 26 1645
Google Scholar
[25] Li Y B, Yu B H, Tang Q B, Wang X, Hua D Y, Tong A H, Jiang C H, Ge G X, Li Y C, Wan J G 2016 Opt. Express 24 6469
Google Scholar
[26] 苏杰, 刘子超, 廖健颖, 李盈傧, 黄诚 2022 物理学报 71 193201
Google Scholar
Su J, Liu Z C, Liao J Y, Li Y B, Huang C 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 193201
Google Scholar
[27] Wilets L, Henley E M, Kraft M, Mackellar A D 1977 Nucl. Phys. A 282 341
Google Scholar
[28] Kirschbaum C L, Wilets L 1980 Phys. Rev. A 21 834
[29] Cohen J S 2006 J. Phys. B 39 1517
[30] Liu S W, Ye D F, Liu J 2020 Phys. Rev. A 101 052704
Google Scholar
[31] Huang C, Li Z H, Zhou Y M, Tang Q B, Liao Q, Lu P X 2012 Opt. Express 20 11700
Google Scholar
[32] Yuan J Y, Liu S W, Wang X C, Shen Z J, Ma Y X, Ma H Y, Meng Q X, Yan T M, Zhang Y Z, Dorn A, Weidemüller M, Ye D F, Jiang Y H 2020 Phys. Rev. A 102 043112
Google Scholar
[33] Jiang H, He F 2021 Phys. Rev. A 104 023113
Google Scholar
[34] Sarkadi L 2021 Phys. Rev. A 103 053113
Google Scholar
[35] Lötstedt E, Kato T, Yamanouchi K 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 203001
Google Scholar
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