量子信息科技的发展现状与展望

潘建伟

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20231795

摘要

20世纪初, 以原子能、半导体、激光、核磁共振、超导和全球卫星定位系统等重大技术发明为标志性成果的第一次量子革命, 促进了物质文明的巨大进步, 从根本上改变了人类的生活方式和社会面貌. 自20世纪90年代以来, 量子调控技术的巨大进步, 使得以量子信息科学为代表的量子科技突飞猛进, 标志着第二次量子革命的兴起. 量子信息科技包括量子通信、量子计算、量子精密测量等方面, 为保障信息传输安全、提高运算速度、提升测量精度等提供了革命性解决方案, 可为国家安全和国民经济高质量发展提供关键支撑. 经过近30年的发展, 我国在量子信息科技领域整体上已经实现了从跟踪、并跑到部分领跑的飞跃, 在量子通信的研究和应用方面处于国际领先地位; 在量子计算方面牢固占据国际第一方阵; 在量子精密测量的多个方向进入国际领先或先进水平. 当前, 需要根据国家战略需求和国际竞争态势, 做好未来5—10年我国在量子信息领域的发展重点研判, 率先建立下一代安全、高效、自主、可控的信息技术体系.

关键词:

Abstract

In the early decades of the 20th century, the inception of quantum mechanics catalyzed the first quantum revolution, resulting in groundbreaking technological advances, such as nuclear energy, semiconductors, lasers, nuclear magnetic resonance, superconductivity, and global satellite positioning systems. These innovations have promoted significant progress in material civilization, fundamentally changed the way of life and societal landscape of humanity. Since the 1990s, quantum control technology has made significant strides forward, ushering in a rapid evolution of quantum technologies, notably exemplified by quantum information science. This encompasses domains such as quantum communication, quantum computing, and quantum precision measurement, offering paradigm-shifting solutions for enhancing information transmission security, accelerating computational speed, and elevating measurement precision. These advances hold the potential to provide crucial underpinning for national security and the high-quality development of the national economy. The swift progression of quantum information technology heralds the advent of the second quantum revolution. Following nearly three decades of concerted efforts, China’s quantum information technology field as a whole has achieved a leap. Specifically, China presently assumes a prominent international role in both the research and practical application of quantum communication, leading the global domain in quantum computing, and achieving international preeminence or advanced standing across various facets of quantum precision measurement. Presently, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the developmental priorities in the realm of quantum information in China for the forthcoming 5 to 10 years, in alignment with national strategic priorities and the evolving landscape of international competition. This will enable the proactive establishment of next-generation information technology systems that are secure, efficient, autonomous, and controllable.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

潘建伟^1,2

1.
中国科学技术大学, 合肥微尺度物质科学国家研究中心, 合肥　230026

2.
中国科学技术大学, 中国科学院量子信息与量子科技创新研究院, 合肥　230026

通信作者: 潘建伟, pan@ustc.edu.cn

Authors and contacts

Pan Jian-Wei^1,2

1.
Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

2.
CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

Corresponding author: Pan Jian-Wei, pan@ustc.edu.cn

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

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施引文献

图 1 量子计算的3个发展阶段

Fig. 1. Three steps of achieving universal quantum computing.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 “九章”系列光量子计算原型机

Fig. 2. “Jiuzhang” series photonics quantum computing prototype.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 “祖冲之”系列超导量子计算原型机

Fig. 3. “Zuchongzhi” series superconducting quantum computing prototype.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 我国在国际上首次实现百公里级自由空间时间频率传递^[65]

Fig. 4. Free-space dissemination of time and frequency with 10^–19 instability over 113 km^[65].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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