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在太赫兹频段基于类电磁诱导透明效应(electromagnetically induced transparency, EIT)提出了一种高效率极化转化滤波器, 通过非对称结构激励了多能级明模路径, 在传统EIT干涉效应的基础上, 获得了正交的圆极化转换窗口. 通过两组具有相似共振频率的明模相互干涉产生透射窗口, 然后构造非对称结构来实现TE和TM极化下的透射窗口偏移, 从而实现双频点极化转换. 该超材料的单元结构由4个开口T型金属谐振组成. 通过分析表面电流分布、频率响应特性以及入射角特性, 探究了其工作机理. 研究结果显示, 该设计在不同极化下实现了电磁诱导透明现象. 随后, 基于两个入射极化的EIT共振, 在0.692 THz处实现了线极化到右旋圆极化转换和0.782 THz处实现了线极化到左旋圆极化转换, 透射系数分别为0.7和0.68. 这种基于EIT的极化转化具有低损耗和超薄的特点, 在紧凑型天线、衍生雷达相控阵和军事工业探测器领域有潜在应用价值.Owing to the large losses in the conversion process of traditional polarization converters, there is an increasing demand for metasurfaces with excellent transmission performance. In this work, an efficient polarization conversion metasurface is proposed based on electromagnetically induced transparency-like (EIT-like) effect in the terahertz band. The multi-level bright mode paths are excited by an asymmetric structure to obtain orthogonal circular polarization conversion windows. The transmission window is generated by the mutual interference of two sets of bright modes with similar resonant frequencies. Then an asymmetric structure is constructed to achieve transmission window shift under TE polarization and TM polarization, thereby realizing dual-frequency polarization conversion. The metamaterial unit structure consists of four open metal resonant rings and four metal resonant strips. The working mechanism is explored by analyzing the surface current distribution, frequency response, and incident angle characteristics. The results show that electromagnetically induced transparency can be achieved under different polarizations. Furthermore, based on the EIT resonance between the two incident polarizations, the conversion from linear polarization to right-hand circular polarization is achieved at 0.692 THz, and the conversion from linear polarization to left-hand circular polarization is realized at 0.782 THz, transmission coefficients are 0.7 and 0.68 respectively. According to the Stokes parameters, the corresponding ellipticity η values are 96% and 98%, respectively. This EIT-based polarization conversion metasurface with low loss and ultra-thin characteristics has great potential applications in compact antennas, derived radar phased arrays, and military detectors.
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Keywords:
- metamaterials /
- electromagnetic induced transparency effect /
- polarization conversion /
- filters
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图 1 所提出的单元结构 (a) 功能示意图; (b) 单元结构图
Fig. 1. Proposed unit structure: (a) Functional diagram; (b) cell structure diagram.
图 2 不同单元结构的透射谱 (a) TM极化波下的不同基本结构透射谱、表面电流以及磁场图分布图; (b) TE极化波下的不同结构透射谱、表面电流以及磁场图分布图; (c) 整体结构的透射谱; (d) 类EIT效应的能级系统
Fig. 2. Transmission spectra of different unit structures: (a) Transmission spectra, surface currents, and magnetic field maps of different basic structures under TM polarized waves; (b) transmission spectra, surface currents, and magnetic field maps of different structures under TE polarized waves; (c) transmission spectrum of the overall structure; (d) energy level systems of class EIT effects.
图 4 极化转换点的表面电流以及磁场图
Fig. 4. Surface current and magnetic field (absolute value) of the polarization transition point.
图 5 重要指标图 (a) 透射曲线和相位; (b) 透射曲线的轴比; (c) 透射曲线的椭圆度; (d) 透射曲线的极化方位角
Fig. 5. Important indicators: (a) Transmission curve and phase; (b) axial ratio of transmission curve; (c) ellipticity of the transmission curve; (d) polarization azimuth of the transmission curve.
图 6 极化转换示意图 (a) 45°线极化入射波; (b) 0.692 THz透射波模拟极化; (c) 0.782 THz透射波模拟极化
Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of polarization conversion: (a) 45° linearly polarized incident wave; (b) simulated polarization of 0.692 THz transmitted wave; (c) simulated polarization of 0.782 THz transmitted wave.
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[1] Zheng D, Lin Y S 2020 Adv. Mater. Technol. 5 202000584
Google Scholar
[2] Mutlu M, Ozbay E 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 051909
Google Scholar
[3] Yan D, Wang B B, Bai Z Y, Li W B 2020 Opt. Express 28 9677
Google Scholar
[4] Li A D, Chen W J, Wei H, Lu G W, Alù A, Qiu C W, Chen L 2022 Phys. Rev. Lett. 129 127401
Google Scholar
[5] Huang Z R, Zheng Y Q, Li J H, Cheng Y Z, Wang J, Zhou Z K, Chen L 2023 Nano. Lett. 23 10991
Google Scholar
[6] 王哲飞, 李超, 万发雨, 曾庆生, 傅佳辉, 吴群, 宋明歆 2024 光学学报 44 1624002
Google Scholar
Wang Z F, Li C, Wan F Y, Zeng Q S, Fu J H, Wu Q, Song M X 2024 Acta Opt. Sin. 44 1624002
Google Scholar
[7] Guan D F, You P, Zhang Q, Xiao K, Yong S W 2017 IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 65 4925
Google Scholar
[8] Liang D C, Zhang H F, Gu J Q, Li Y F, Tian Z, Ouyang C M, Han J G, Zhang W L 2017 IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron. 23 4700907
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[12] Han L, Tan Q L, Gan Y, Zhang W D, Xiong J J 2020 Results Phys. 19 103377
Google Scholar
[13] Wang Q, Kuang K L, Gao H X, Chu S W, Yu L, Peng W 2021 Nanomaterials 11 1350
Google Scholar
[14] Sarkar R, Devi K M, Ghindani D, Prabhu S S, Chowdhury D R, Kumar G 2020 J. Opt. 22 035105
Google Scholar
[15] Li H M, Liu S B, Liu S Y, Wang S Y, Zhang H F, Bian B R, Kong X K 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 114101
Google Scholar
[16] Li H M, Liu S B, Liu S Y, Wang S Y, Ding G W, Yang H, Yu Z Y, Zhang H F 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 083511
Google Scholar
[17] Srijan D, Lalita U 2023 NDT E. Int. 139 102908
Google Scholar
[18] Lang T T, Yu Z Y, Zhang J H, Hong Z, Liu J J, Wang P 2023 Sensor Actuat. A-Phys. 360 114522
Google Scholar
[19] Zhu L, Dong L, Guo J, Meng F Y, He X J, Zhao C H, Wu Q 2018 Plasmonics 13 1971
Google Scholar
[20] Yang D, Shen Z Y, Xia Y Q 2021 Appl. Phys. B 127 87
Google Scholar
[21] Gao C J, Guo Z H, Sun Y Z, Zhang H F 2022 Opt. Laser Technol. 151 108006
Google Scholar
[22] Yang Y S, Guan D F, Fu Y F, Gu Z Y, Zhang J D, Qian Z P, Wu W 2024 IEEE Antenn. Wirel. Pr. 23 1035
Google Scholar
[23] Khanikaev B, Mousavi S H, Wu C H, Dabidian N, Alici K B, Shvets G 2012 Opt. Commun. 285 3423
Google Scholar
[24] Sun Y Z, Zhang D, Zhang H F 2022 Opt. Express 30 30574
Google Scholar
[25] Meng D J, Wang S Y, Sun X L, Gong R Z, Chen C H 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 261902
Google Scholar
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