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原子级厚度的二维过渡金属硫化物（2D-TMDs）材料展现出丰富的物理性质，如量子自旋霍尔效应、超导电性、电荷密度波、铁电性和铁磁性等，而受到了广泛的关注。2D-TMDs材料通过不同的层间堆叠方式和元素配位几何，可以呈现出物理性质迥异的晶相结构。通过晶相工程改变2D-TMDs材料的晶相结构是实现其电子结构、量子态及功能特性调控的有效策略。本文聚焦于热力学亚稳相2D-TMDs的制备，详细总结了利用物理化学手段诱导晶相结构转变的调控机理和直接相选择合成特定晶相结构的技术进展，及其对材料电子结构、超导电性、磁性、铁电性等物性的影响。最后，对利用晶相工程进行2D-TMDs结构和物性调控的研究现状和未来发展进行了总结和展望。Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs) with atomic thickness have attracted extensive attention due to their various physical properties, such as quantum spin Hall effect, superconductivity, charge density waves, ferroelectricity, and ferromagnetism. Owing to different interlayer stacking configurations and elemental coordination geometries, 2D-TMDs exhibit diverse crystalline phase structures with distinct physicochemical properties. Changing the crystalline phase structures of TMDs through phase engineering can be an effective strategy for modulating the electronic structures, quantum states and functional characteristics. This review focuses on the manufacture of thermodynamically metastable-phase 2D-TMDs, providing a detailed discussion on the mechanisms of phase transition induced by physicochemical approaches and the latest advances in direct phase-selective synthesis of specific crystalline phase structures. The impacts of phase engineering on electronic structures, superconductivity, magnetism, ferroelectricity, and other physical properties are systematically elucidated. The research advances in structure and property modulation of 2D-TMDs via phase engineering are summarized. At present, a variety of approaches including alkali metal intercalation, doping, defects, strain, electric field and external stimuli (plasma, electron beam and laser irradiation) have been developed for controlled phase transition in 2D-TMDs. These physical and chemical approaches can induce local transitions of phase structure, which have the advantage of studying the process and mechanism of phase transition. However, there still exists some problems such as the introduction of impurities and defects, insufficient phase stability and difficulty in large-scale fabrication. In contrast, the phase-selective synthesis of 2D-TMDs through methods such as temperature control, precursor design, interface engineering, seed crystal induction and templated heteroepitaxial growth is more conducive to the characterization of intrinsic physical properties, large-scale fabrication and electronic device applications. Despite the significant progress made in phase-selective synthesis, there are still several important challenges and development opportunities in this field. Universal strategies and mechanisms for phase-selective synthesis still require further expansion and exploration. In the future, it is expected that through theoretical simulations, machine learning-driven predictions and the integration of advanced in-situ characterization techniques, a universal and efficient phase engineering strategy will be developed, which can be extended to more 2D-TMDs material systems.
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Keywords:
- Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides /
- Phase engineering /
- Phase-selective synthesis /
- Physical property modulation
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