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In the past decades, terahertz metamaterials have attracted considerable attention due to the capability of realizing essential terahertz functional devices and potential applications in sensing, imaging, spectroscopy and monitoring. In this review, we first present a brief introduction to the theory and development of terahertz metamaterials, and then focus on some terahertz devices including both triple-band and broadband metamaterial absorbers, the spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) waveguides, the SPP bend, the SPP beam splitter, and the SPP ring resonator. The metamaterial absorbers are fabricated and measured in THz band, while the SPP devices are verified through numerical simulations. All the designs are easy to fabricate and favorable for practical applications.
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Keywords:
- terahertz /
- metamaterials /
- absorbers /
- spoof surface plasmon polaritons
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[13] Choi M, Lee S H, Kim Y, Kang S B, Shin J, Kwak M H, Kang K Y, Lee Y H, Park N, Min B 2011 Nature 470 369
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[17] Wang B X, Wang L L, Wang G Z, Huang W Q, Li X F, Zhai X 2014 Appl. Phys. A 115 1187
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[23] Brongersma M L, Shalaev V M 2010 Science 328 440
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[26] Yen T J, Padilla W J, Fang N, Vier D C, Smith D R, Pendry J B, Basov D N, Zhang X 2004 Science 303 1494
[27] Linden S, Enkrich C, Wegener M, Zhou J, Koschny T, Soukoulis C M 2004 Science 306 1351
[28] Zhang S, Fan W, Minhas B K, Frauenglass A, Malloy K J, Brueck S R J 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 037402
[29] Shalaev V M, Cai W, Chettiar U K, Yuan H K, Sarychev A K, Drachev V P, Kildishev A V 2005 Opt. Lett. 30 3356
[30] Padilla W J, Taylor A J, Highstrete C, Lee M, Averitt R D 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 107401
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[37] Wang Y, Sun T, Paudel T, Zhang Y, Ren Z, Kempa K 2011 Nano Lett. 12 440
[38] Iwaszczuk K, Strikwerda A C, Fan K, Zhang X, Averitt R D, Jepsen P U 2012 Opt. Express 20 635
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[40] Landy N I, Sajuyigbe S, Mock J J, Smith D R, Padilla W J 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 207402
[41] Hokmabadi M P, Wilbert D S, Kung P, Kim S M 2013 Terahertz Sci. Technol. 6 40
[42] Grant J, Ma Y, Saha S, Khalid A, Cumming D R 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 3476
[43] Huang L, Chowdhury D R, Ramani S, Reiten M T, Luo S N, Taylor A J, Chen H T 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 154
[44] Shen X P, Yang Y, Zang Y Z, Gu J Q, Han J G, Zhang W L, Cui T J 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 154102
[45] Tao H, Bingham C M, Pilon D, Fan K, Strikwerda A C, Shrekenhamer D, Padilla W J, Zhang X, Averitt R D 2010 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 43 225102
[46] Chen H T 2012 Opt. Express 20 7165
[47] Zhu J, Ma Z, Sun W, Ding F, He Q, Zhou L, Ma Y 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 021102
[48] Liu S, Chen H, Cui T J 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 151601
[49] Barnes W L, Dereux A, Ebbesen T W 2003 Nature 424 824
[50] Fang N, Lee H, Sun C, Zhang X 2005 Science 308 534
[51] Ozbay E 2006 Science 311 189
[52] Zia R, Schuller J A, Chandran A, Brongersma M L 2006 Mater. Today 9 20
[53] Kawata S, Inouye Y, Verma P 2009 Nat. Photon. 3 388
[54] Gramotnev D K, Bozhevolnyi S I 2010 Nat. Photon. 4 83
[55] Stern E A, Ferrell R A 1960 Phys. Rev. 120 130
[56] Pendry J B, Martin-Moreno L, Garcia-Vidal F J 2004 Science 305 847
[57] Hibbins A P, Evans B R, Sambles J R 2005 Science 308 670
[58] Wang K, Mittleman D M 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 157401
[59] Williams C R, Andrews S R, Maier S A, Fernndez-Domnguez A I, Martn-Moreno L, Garca-Vidal F J 2008 Nat. Photon. 2 175
[60] Gan Q, Gao Y, Wagner K, Vezenov D, Ding Y J, Bartoli FJ 2011 Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 108 5169
[61] Zhou Y J, Jiang Q, Cui T J 2011 Opt. Express 19 5260
[62] Zhou Y J, Cui T J 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 221901
[63] Zhou Y J, Cui T J 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 101906
[64] Zhou Y J, Jiang Q, Cui T J 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 111904
[65] Zhou Y J, Jiang Q, Cui T J 2012 Sci. China: Inform. Sci. 55 79
[66] Shen X P, Cui T J, Martin-Cano D, Garcia-Vidal F J 2013 Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 110 40
[67] Shen X P, Cui T J 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 211909
[68] Shen X P, Cui T J 2013 Terahertz Sci. Technol. 6 147
[69] Wang K, Zhao J, Cheng Q, Dong D S, Cui T J 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 5935
[70] Cui T J, Qi M Q, Wan X, Zhao J, Cheng Q 2014 Light Sci. Appl. 3 e218
[71] Wan X, Jiang W X, Ma H F, Cui T J 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 151601
[72] Mei Z L, Cui T J 2012 Int. J. RF Microw. C E 22 496
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[1] Pendry J B, Holden A J, Stewart W J, Youngs I 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 4773
[2] Pendry J B, Holden A J, Robbins D J, Stewart W J 1999 IEEE Trans. Micr. Theory Tech. 47 2075
[3] Smith D R, Padilla W J, Vier D C, Nemat-Nasser S C, Schultz S 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 4184
[4] Shelby R A, Smith D R, Schultz S 2001 Science 292 77
[5] Pendry J B 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 3966
[6] Cui T J, Smith D R, Liu R 2009 Metamaterials: Theory, Design, and Applications (New York: Springer Science Business Media)
[7] Chen H T, Padilla W J, Zide J, Gossard A C, Taylor A J, Averitt R D 2006 Nature 444 597
[8] Gu J Q, Singh R, Liu X J, Zhang X Q, Ma Y F, Zhang S, Maier S A, Tian Z, Azad K, Chen H T, Taylor A J, Han J G, Zhang W L 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 1151
[9] Wu J B, Dai H, Wang H, Jin B B, Jia T, Zhang C H, Cao C H, Chen J, Kang L, Xu W W, Wu P H 2011 Opt. Express 19 1101
[10] Liang L J, Jin B B, Zhang Q Y, Wu J B, Bao Y J, Jia T, Jia X Q, Cao C H, Kang L, Xu W W, Chen J, Wu P H 2012 Chin. Phys. Lett. 29 114101
[11] Zhang X Q, Gu J Q, Cao W, Han J G, Lakhtakia A, Zhang W L 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 906
[12] Grady N K, Heyes J E, Chowdhury D R, Zeng Y, Reiten M T, Azad A K, Taylor A J, Dalvit D A R, Chen H T 2013 Science 340 1304
[13] Choi M, Lee S H, Kim Y, Kang S B, Shin J, Kwak M H, Kang K Y, Lee Y H, Park N, Min B 2011 Nature 470 369
[14] Wen Q Y, Zhang H W, Xie Y S, Yang Q H, Liu Y L 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 241111
[15] Alves F, Kearney B, Grbovic D, Lavrik N V, Karunasiri G 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 111104
[16] Ma Y, Chen Q, Grant J, Saha S C, Khalid A, Cumming D R 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 945
[17] Wang B X, Wang L L, Wang G Z, Huang W Q, Li X F, Zhai X 2014 Appl. Phys. A 115 1187
[18] Chen H T, Padilla W J, Cich M J, Azad A K, Averitt R D, Taylor A J 2009 Nature Photon. 3 148
[19] Maier S A, Andrews S R, Martin-Moreno L, Garca-Vidal F J 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 176805
[20] Wang Y, Wang X, He X J, Mei J S, Chen M H, Yin J H, Lei Q Q Acta Phys. Sin. 2012 61 137301 (in Chinese) [王玥, 王暄, 贺训军, 梅金硕, 陈明华, 殷景华, 雷清泉 2012 物理学报 61 137301]
[21] Garcia-Vidal F J, Martn-Moreno L, Pendry J B 2005 J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 7 97
[22] Nagpal P, Lindquist N C, Oh S H, Norris D J 2009 Science 325 594
[23] Brongersma M L, Shalaev V M 2010 Science 328 440
[24] Tian Z, Singh R, Han J G, Gu J Q, Xing Q R, Wu J, Zhang W L 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 3586
[25] Wu D M, Fang N, Sun C, Zhang X 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 201
[26] Yen T J, Padilla W J, Fang N, Vier D C, Smith D R, Pendry J B, Basov D N, Zhang X 2004 Science 303 1494
[27] Linden S, Enkrich C, Wegener M, Zhou J, Koschny T, Soukoulis C M 2004 Science 306 1351
[28] Zhang S, Fan W, Minhas B K, Frauenglass A, Malloy K J, Brueck S R J 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 037402
[29] Shalaev V M, Cai W, Chettiar U K, Yuan H K, Sarychev A K, Drachev V P, Kildishev A V 2005 Opt. Lett. 30 3356
[30] Padilla W J, Taylor A J, Highstrete C, Lee M, Averitt R D 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 107401
[31] Paul O, Imhof C, Lgel B, Wolff S, Heinrich J, Hfling S, Forchel A, Zengerle R, Beigang R, Rahm M 2009 Opt. Express 17 819
[32] Chen H T, Palit S, Tyler T, Bingham C M, Zide J M, O'Hara J F, Smith D R, Gossard A C, Averitt R D, Padilla W J, Jokerst N M, Taylor A J 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 091117
[33] Smith D R, Schultz S, Marko P, Soukoulis C M 2002 Phys. Rev. B 65 195104
[34] Smith D R, Vier D C, Koschny T, Soukoulis C M 2005 Phys. Rev. E 71 036617
[35] Tang W X, Cheng Q, Cui T J 2009 Terahertz Sci. Technol. 2 23
[36] Yu N, Genevet P, Kats M A, Aieta F, Tetienne J P, Capasso F, Gaburro Z 2011 Science 334 333
[37] Wang Y, Sun T, Paudel T, Zhang Y, Ren Z, Kempa K 2011 Nano Lett. 12 440
[38] Iwaszczuk K, Strikwerda A C, Fan K, Zhang X, Averitt R D, Jepsen P U 2012 Opt. Express 20 635
[39] Woodward R M, Cole B E, Wallace V P, Pye R J, Arnone D D, Linfield E H, Pepper M 2002 Phys. Med. Biol. 47 3853
[40] Landy N I, Sajuyigbe S, Mock J J, Smith D R, Padilla W J 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 207402
[41] Hokmabadi M P, Wilbert D S, Kung P, Kim S M 2013 Terahertz Sci. Technol. 6 40
[42] Grant J, Ma Y, Saha S, Khalid A, Cumming D R 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 3476
[43] Huang L, Chowdhury D R, Ramani S, Reiten M T, Luo S N, Taylor A J, Chen H T 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 154
[44] Shen X P, Yang Y, Zang Y Z, Gu J Q, Han J G, Zhang W L, Cui T J 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 154102
[45] Tao H, Bingham C M, Pilon D, Fan K, Strikwerda A C, Shrekenhamer D, Padilla W J, Zhang X, Averitt R D 2010 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 43 225102
[46] Chen H T 2012 Opt. Express 20 7165
[47] Zhu J, Ma Z, Sun W, Ding F, He Q, Zhou L, Ma Y 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 021102
[48] Liu S, Chen H, Cui T J 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 151601
[49] Barnes W L, Dereux A, Ebbesen T W 2003 Nature 424 824
[50] Fang N, Lee H, Sun C, Zhang X 2005 Science 308 534
[51] Ozbay E 2006 Science 311 189
[52] Zia R, Schuller J A, Chandran A, Brongersma M L 2006 Mater. Today 9 20
[53] Kawata S, Inouye Y, Verma P 2009 Nat. Photon. 3 388
[54] Gramotnev D K, Bozhevolnyi S I 2010 Nat. Photon. 4 83
[55] Stern E A, Ferrell R A 1960 Phys. Rev. 120 130
[56] Pendry J B, Martin-Moreno L, Garcia-Vidal F J 2004 Science 305 847
[57] Hibbins A P, Evans B R, Sambles J R 2005 Science 308 670
[58] Wang K, Mittleman D M 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 157401
[59] Williams C R, Andrews S R, Maier S A, Fernndez-Domnguez A I, Martn-Moreno L, Garca-Vidal F J 2008 Nat. Photon. 2 175
[60] Gan Q, Gao Y, Wagner K, Vezenov D, Ding Y J, Bartoli FJ 2011 Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 108 5169
[61] Zhou Y J, Jiang Q, Cui T J 2011 Opt. Express 19 5260
[62] Zhou Y J, Cui T J 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 221901
[63] Zhou Y J, Cui T J 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 101906
[64] Zhou Y J, Jiang Q, Cui T J 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 111904
[65] Zhou Y J, Jiang Q, Cui T J 2012 Sci. China: Inform. Sci. 55 79
[66] Shen X P, Cui T J, Martin-Cano D, Garcia-Vidal F J 2013 Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 110 40
[67] Shen X P, Cui T J 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 211909
[68] Shen X P, Cui T J 2013 Terahertz Sci. Technol. 6 147
[69] Wang K, Zhao J, Cheng Q, Dong D S, Cui T J 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 5935
[70] Cui T J, Qi M Q, Wan X, Zhao J, Cheng Q 2014 Light Sci. Appl. 3 e218
[71] Wan X, Jiang W X, Ma H F, Cui T J 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 151601
[72] Mei Z L, Cui T J 2012 Int. J. RF Microw. C E 22 496
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