Sensing mechanisms and applications of flexible pressure sensors

Hou Xing-Yu; Guo Chuan-Fei

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20200987

Abstract

As an emerging type of electronic devices, flexible pressure sensors have more advantages than rigid sensors in human-computer interaction, healthcare, and tactile sensing in robots. These advantages, however, require the materials to be thin and soft. For applications in human bodies, the sensor needs to be biocompatible and mechanically match the biotissue such that they can be conformable to the skin textures, or be implanted in the body. Sensitivity, response time, limitation of detection, and stability are basic properties to evaluate a pressure sensor. Recently, some other parameters of flexible pressure sensors including pressure response range, pressure resolution, space resolution, and stretchability have also been studied, enabling such devices to have a wider application prospect. This review introduces about the state of the arts of flexible pressure sensors in recent years, and is intended to discuss the sensing mechanisms, properties, and potential applications of flexible tactile sensors. At last, we talk about the future of flexible tactile sensors.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

Department of Material Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China

Corresponding author: Guo Chuan-Fei, guocf@sustech.edu.cn

FullText HTML : translate this paragraph

References

[1]	Wang Y, Wu X, Mei D, Zhu L, Chen J 2019 Sens. Actuators, A. 297 111512 Google Scholar
[2]	Xu M, Gao Y, Yu G, Lu C, Tan J, Xuan F 2018 Sens. Actuators, A. 284 260 Google Scholar
[3]	Wang Y, Chen J, Mei D 2020 Sens. Actuators, A. 307 111972 Google Scholar
[4]	Mao R, Yao W, Qadir A, Chen W, Gao W, Xu Y, Hu H 2020 Sens. Actuators, A. 312 112144 Google Scholar
[5]	Wang Y, Chao M, Wan P, Zhang L 2020 Nano Energy 70 104560 Google Scholar
[6]	Wu Y, Karakurt I, Beker L, Kubota Y, Xu R, Ho K Y, Zhao S, Zhong J, Zhang M, Wang X, Lin L 2018 Sens. Actuators, A. 279 46 Google Scholar
[7]	Shi Q, Zhang Z, Chen T, Lee C 2019 Nano Energy 62 355 Google Scholar
[8]	Kumar A 2018 Manuf. Lett. 15 122 Google Scholar
[9]	Hammock M L, Chortos A, Tee B C, Tok J B, Bao Z 2013 Adv. Mater. 25 5997 Google Scholar
[10]	Yang T, Xie D, Li Z, Zhu H 2017 Mat. Sci. Eng. R. 115 1 Google Scholar
[11]	Wan Y, Wang Y, Guo C F 2017 Mater. Today Phys. 1 61 Google Scholar
[12]	Chen W, Yan X 2020 J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 43 175 Google Scholar
[13]	Niu S, Matsuhisa N, Beker L, Li J, Wang S, Wang J, Jiang Y, Yan X, Yun Y, Burnett W J N E 2019 Nat. Electron. 2 361 Google Scholar
[14]	Sankar S, Brown A, Balamurugan D, Nguyen H, Iskarous M, Simcox T, Kumar D, Nakagawa A, Thakor N 2019 IEEE Sensors Montreal, Canada, October 27–30, 2019 p1
[15]	Tee B C K, Chortos A, Berndt A, Nguyen A K, Tom A, McGuire A, Lin Z C, Tien K, Bae W G, Wang H, Mei P, Chou H H, Cui B, Deisseroth K, Ng T N, Bao Z 2015 Science 350 313 Google Scholar
[16]	Zhao Z, Huang Q, Yan C, Liu Y, Zeng X, Wei X, Hu Y, Zheng Z 2020 Nano Energy 70 104528 Google Scholar
[17]	Qi K, Wang H, You X, Tao X, Li M, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, He J, Shao W, Cui S 2020 J. Colloid Interface Sci. 561 93 Google Scholar
[18]	Lee B Y, Kim J, Kim H, Kim C, Lee S D 2016 Sens. Actuators, A. 240 103 Google Scholar
[19]	Ma L Q, Shuai X T, Hu Y G, Liang X W, Zhu P, Sun R, Wong C P 2018 J. Mater. Chem. C. 6 13232 Google Scholar
[20]	Zhang X, Hu Y, Gu H, Zhu P, Jiang W, Zhang G, Sun R, Wong C P 2019 Adv. Mater. Technol. 4 1900367 Google Scholar
[21]	Zhang Y, Hu Y, Zhu P, Han F, Zhu Y, Sun R, Wong C P 2017 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 35968 Google Scholar
[22]	Li H, Wu K, Xu Z, Wang Z, Meng Y, Li L 2018 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10 20826 Google Scholar
[23]	Chen Y M, He S M, Huang C H, Huang C C, Shih W P, Chu C L, Kong J, Li J, Su C Y 2016 Nanoscale 8 3555 Google Scholar
[24]	Narducci M, Yu Chia L, Fang W, Tsai J 2013 J. Micromech. Microeng. 23 055007 Google Scholar
[25]	Shi H, Al Rubaiai M, Holbrook C M, Miao J, Pinto T, Wang C, Tan X 2019 Adv. Funct. Mater. 29 1903020 Google Scholar
[26]	Tolvanen J, Hannu J, Jantunen H 2017 IEEE Sens. J. 17 4735 Google Scholar
[27]	Pruvost M, Smit W, Monteux C, Poulin P, Colin A 2019 npj Flexible Electron. 3 1 Google Scholar
[28]	Wan S, Bi H, Zhou Y, Xie X, Su S, Yin K, Sun L 2017 Carbon 114 209 Google Scholar
[29]	Luo Y, Shao J, Chen S, Chen X, Tian H, Li X, Wang L, Wang D, Lu B 2019 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 17796 Google Scholar
[30]	Cheng M Y, Lin C L, Lai Y T, Yang Y J 2010 Sensors (Basel) 10 10211 Google Scholar
[31]	Bai N, Wang L, Wang Q, Deng J, Wang Y, Lu P, Huang J, Li G, Zhang Y, Yang J, Xie K, Zhao X, Guo C F 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 209 Google Scholar
[32]	Pereira V, Castro Neto A, Peres N M R 2009 Phys. Rev. B. 80 045401
[33]	Toriyama T, Sugiyama S 2002 J. Microelectromech. Syst. 11 598 Google Scholar
[34]	Timsit R 1999 IEEE Trans. Compon. Packaging Technol. 22 85 Google Scholar
[35]	Zhang H D, Liu Y J, Zhang J, Zhu J W, Qin Q H, Zhao C Z, Li X, Zhang J C, Long Y Z 2018 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 51 085102 Google Scholar
[36]	He Z, Byun J H, Zhou G, Park B J, Kim T H, Lee S B, Yi J W, Um M K, Chou T W 2019 Carbon 146 701 Google Scholar
[37]	Tee B C, Wang C, Allen R, Bao Z 2012 Nat. Nanotechnol. 7 825 Google Scholar
[38]	Choong C L, Shim M B, Lee B S, Jeon S, Ko D S, Kang T H, Bae J, Lee S H, Byun K E, Im J, Jeong Y J, Park C E, Park J J, Chung U I 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 3451 Google Scholar
[39]	Pan L, Chortos A, Yu G, Wang Y, Isaacson S, Allen R, Shi Y, Dauskardt R, Bao Z 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 3002 Google Scholar
[40]	Li Q, Jia Y, Yang X, et al. 2019 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 31 Google Scholar
[41]	Pang C, Lee G Y, Kim T I, Kim S M, Kim H N, Ahn S H, Suh K Y 2012 Nat. Mater. 11 795 Google Scholar
[42]	Park J, Lee Y, Hong J, Lee Y, Ha M, Jung Y, Lim H, Kim S Y, Ko H 2014 ACS Nano 8 12020 Google Scholar
[43]	Park J, Lee Y, Hong J, Ha M, Jung Y D, Lim H, Kim S Y, Ko H 2014 ACS Nano 8 4689 Google Scholar
[44]	Su B, Gong S, Ma Z, Yap L W, Cheng W 2015 Small 11 1886 Google Scholar
[45]	Tian G, Deng W L, Gao Y Y, Xiong D, Yan C, He X B, Yang T, Jin L, Chu X, Zhang H T, Yan W, Yang W Q 2019 Nano Energy 59 574 Google Scholar
[46]	Noh M S, Kim S, Hwang D K, Kang C Y 2017 Sens. Actuators A 261 288 Google Scholar
[47]	Tolvanen J, Hannu J, Juuti J, Jantunen H 2018 Electron. Mater. Lett. 14 113 Google Scholar
[48]	Min Gyu K, Woo Suk J, Chong Yun K, Seok Jin Y 2016 Actuators 5 5 Google Scholar
[49]	Cherumannil Karumuthil S, Singh K, Valiyaneerilakkal U, Akhtar J, Varghese S 2020 Sens. Actuators, A. 303 111677 Google Scholar
[50]	Kim H, Torres F, Wu Y Y, Villagran D, Lin Y R, Tseng T L 2017 Smart Mater. Struct. 26 085027 Google Scholar
[51]	Dagdeviren C, Su Y, Joe P, Yona R, Liu Y, Kim Y S, Huang Y, Damadoran A R, Xia J, Martin L W, Huang Y, Rogers J A 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4496 Google Scholar
[52]	Kim H, Torres F, Villagran D, Stewart C, Lin Y R, Tseng T L B 2017 Macromol. Mater. Eng. 302 1700229 Google Scholar
[53]	Yang Y, Pan H, Xie G Z, Jiang Y D, Chen C X, Su Y J, Wang Y, Tai H L 2020 Sens. Actuators A 301 111789 Google Scholar
[54]	Chen Z F, Wang Z, Li X M, Lin Y X, Luo N Q, Long M Z, Zhao N, Xu J B 2017 ACS Nano 11 4507 Google Scholar
[55]	Garcia C, Trendafilova I, Guzman de Villoria R, Sanchez del Rio J 2018 Nano Energy 50 401 Google Scholar
[56]	Fan F R, Tian Z Q, Wang Z L 2012 Nano Energy 1 328 Google Scholar
[57]	Das P S, Chhetry A, Maharjan P, Rasel M S, Park J Y 2019 Nano Res. 12 1789 Google Scholar
[58]	Zhao X, Chen B, Wei G, Wu J M, Han W, Yang Y 2019 Adv. Mater. Technol. 4 1800723 Google Scholar
[59]	Ryu S, Lee P, Chou J B, Xu R, Zhao R, Hart A J, Kim S G 2015 ACS Nano 9 5929 Google Scholar
[60]	Lipomi D J, Vosgueritchian M, Tee B C K, Hellstrom S L, Lee J A, Fox C H, Bao Z 2011 Nat. Nanotechnol. 6 788 Google Scholar
[61]	Wang Z, Jiang R, Li G, Chen Y, Tang Z, Wang Y, Liu Z, Jiang H, Zhi C 2017 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 22685 Google Scholar
[62]	Gao J F, Li B, Huang X W, Wang L, Lin L W, Wang H, Xue H G 2019 Chem. Eng. J. 373 298 Google Scholar
[63]	Tung T T, Karunagaran R, Tran D N H, Gao B S, Nag Chowdhury S, Pillin I, Castro M, Feller J F, Losic D 2016 J. Mater. Chem. C 4 3422 Google Scholar
[64]	Xu F, Zhu Y 2012 Adv. Mater. 24 5117 Google Scholar
[65]	Zhou J, Gu Y, Fei P, Mai W, Gao Y, Yang R, Bao G, Wang Z L 2008 Nano Lett. 8 3035 Google Scholar
[66]	Muthukumar N, Thilagavathi G, Kannaian T 2016 High Perform. Polym. 28 368 Google Scholar
[67]	Park H, Jeong Y R, Yun J, Hong S Y, Jin S, Lee S J, Zi G, Ha J S 2015 ACS Nano 9 9974 Google Scholar
[68]	Luo M Y, Li M F, Li Y Q, Chang K Q, Liu K, Liu Q Z, Wang Y D, Lu Z T, Liu X, Wang D 2017 Compos. Commun. 6 68 Google Scholar
[69]	Luo C, Liu N S, Zhang H, Liu W J, Yue Y, Wang S L, Rao J Y, Yang C X, Su J, Jiang X L, Gao Y H 2017 Nano Energy 41 527 Google Scholar
[70]	Jang H H, Park J S, Choi B 2019 Sens. Actuators A 286 107 Google Scholar
[71]	Cho S H, Lee S W, Yu S, Kim H, Chang S, Kang D, Hwang I, Kang H S, Jeong B, Kim E H, Cho S M, Kim K L, Lee H, Shim W, Park C 2017 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 10128 Google Scholar
[72]	Zhang S, Wang F, Peng H, Yan J, Pan G 2018 ACS Omega 3 3014 Google Scholar
[73]	Yoon S G, Park B J, Chang S T 2017 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 36206 Google Scholar
[74]	Lee P, Lee J, Lee H, Yeo J, Hong S, Nam K H, Lee D, Lee S S, Ko S H 2012 Adv. Mater. 24 3326 Google Scholar
[75]	Liang J, Li L, Tong K, Ren Z, Hu W, Niu X, Chen Y, Pei Q 2014 ACS Nano 8 1590 Google Scholar
[76]	Graz I M, Cotton D P J, Lacour S P 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 071902 Google Scholar
[77]	Huang S, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Ren Z, Guo C F 2018 Adv. Funct. Mater. 29 1805924
[78]	Keplinger C, Sun J Y, Foo C C, Rothemund P, Whitesides G M, Suo Z 2013 Science 341 984 Google Scholar
[79]	Yang C H, Suo Z G 2018 Nat. Rev. Mater. 3 125 Google Scholar
[80]	Kang D, Pikhitsa P V, Choi Y W, Lee C, Shin S S, Piao L, Park B, Suh K Y, Kim T, Choi M 2014 Nature 516 222 Google Scholar
[81]	Wang X, Zhang H, Dong L, Han X, Du W, Zhai J, Pan C, Wang Z L 2016 Adv. Mater. 28 2896 Google Scholar
[82]	Ma M Y, Zhang Z, Liao Q L, Yi F, Han L H, Zhang G J, Liu S, Liao X Q, Zhang Y 2017 Nano Energy 32 389 Google Scholar
[83]	Pan C F, Dong L, Zhu G, Niu S M, Yu R M, Yang Q, Liu Y, Wang Z L 2013 Nat. Photonics 7 752 Google Scholar
[84]	Chen H, Miao L, Su Z, Song Y, Han M, Chen X, Cheng X, Chen D, Zhang H 2017 Nano Energy 40 65 Google Scholar
[85]	Liang Z, Cheng J, Zhao Q, Zhao X, Han Z, Chen Y, Ma Y, Feng X 2019 Adv. Mater. Technol. 4 1900317 Google Scholar
[86]	Kim J, Lee M, Shim H J, Ghaffari R, Cho H R, Son D, Jung Y H, Soh M, Choi C, Jung S, Chu K, Jeon D, Lee S T, Kim J H, Choi S H, Hyeon T, Kim D H 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 5747 Google Scholar
[87]	Sim K, Rao Z, Zou Z, Ershad F, Lei J, Thukral A, Chen J, Huang Q A, Xiao J, Yu C 2019 Sci. Adv. 5 eaav9653 Google Scholar
[88]	Kim J S, Lee S C, Hwang J, Lee E, Cho K, Kim S J, Kim D H, Lee W H 2020 Adv. Funct. Mater. 30 2070089 Google Scholar
[89]	Liu H, Li M, Ouyang C, Lu T J, Li F, Xu F 2018 Small 14 1801711 Google Scholar
[90]	Lei Z, Wu P 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 1134 Google Scholar
[91]	Liao M, Wan P, Wen J, Gong M, Wu X, Wang Y, Shi R, Zhang L 2017 Adv. Funct. Mater. 27 1703852 Google Scholar
[92]	Ding H, Xin Z, Yang Y, Luo Y, Xia K, Wang B, Sun Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wu H, Fan S, Zhang L, Liu K 2020 Adv. Funct. Mater. 30 1909616 Google Scholar
[93]	Wu Y Z, Liu Y W, Zhou Y L, Man Q K, Hu C, Asghar W, Li F L, Yu Z, Shang J, Liu G, Liao M Y, Li R W 2018 Sci. Robot. 3 eaat0429 Google Scholar
[94]	Chou H H, Nguyen A, Chortos A, To J W F, Lu C, Mei J, Kurosawa T, Bae W G, Tok J B H, Bao Z 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8011 Google Scholar
[95]	Meng K, Wu Y, He Q, Zhou Z, Wang X, Zhang G, Fan W, Liu J, Yang J 2019 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 46399 Google Scholar
[96]	Li X, Fan Y J, Li H Y, Cao J W, Xiao Y C, Wang Y, Liang F, Wang H L, Jiang Y, Wang Z L, Zhu G 2020 ACS Nano
[97]	Chen S, Wu N, Lin S, Duan J, Xu Z, Pan Y, Zhang H, Xu Z, Huang L, Hu B, Zhou J 2020 Nano Energy 70 104460 Google Scholar
[98]	Lin Z, Yang J, Li X, Wu Y, Wei W, Liu J, Chen J, Yang J 2018 Adv. Funct. Mater. 28 1704112.1
[99]	Min S D, Yun Y, Shin H 2014 IEEE Sens. J. 14 3245 Google Scholar
[100]	Liu M, Pu X, Jiang C, Liu T, Huang X, Chen L, Du C, Sun J, Hu W, Wang Z L 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1703700 Google Scholar
[101]	Deng C, Tang W, Liu L, Chen B, Li M, Wang Z L 2018 Adv. Funct. Mater. 28 1801606 Google Scholar
[102]	Ying H, Zhang Y, Cheng J 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 3218 Google Scholar
[103]	Boutry C M, Nguyen A, Lawal Q O, Chortos A, Rondeau Gagné S, Bao Z 2015 Adv. Mater. 27 6954 Google Scholar
[104]	Li Z, Feng H, Zheng Q, Li H, Zhao C, Ouyang H, Noreen S, Yu M, Su F, Liu R, Li L, Wang Z L, Li Z 2018 Nano Energy 54 390 Google Scholar
[105]	Jiang D, Shi B, Ouyang H, Fan Y, Wang Z L, Li Z 2020 ACS Nano 14 6436 Google Scholar
[106]	Zhang P, Chen Y, Guo Z H, Guo W, Pu X, Wang Z L 2020 Adv. Funct. Mater. 30 1909252 Google Scholar
[107]	Wang F, Jiang J, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang S, Han L, Liu H, Sang Y 2020 Nano Energy 70 104457 Google Scholar
[108]	Xiao K, Wan C, Jiang L, Chen X, Antonietti M 2020 Adv. Mater. 32 e2000218 Google Scholar

Cited By

图 1 不同形式的压力传感器　(a)电容型; (b)电阻型; (c)压电型; (d)摩擦电型

Figure 1. Different kinds of pressure sensors: (a) Capacitive pressure sensor; (b) resistive pressure sensor; (c) piezoelectric pressure sensor; (d) triboelectric pressure sensor.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 电容型压力传感器和电阻型压力传感器　(a) 基于电双层的电容型压力传感器, 含有多级非稳态自补偿结构^[31]; (b) 半球、倾斜微柱、没有高度梯度的自补偿结构、多级非稳态自补偿结构在压力下电极与微结构接触面积变化情况^[31]; (c) 基于互锁结构的电阻型压力传感器^[43]; (d) 无微结构、单侧球状微结构、互锁结构在压力下电阻变化情况^[43]

Figure 2. Capacitive pressure sensor and resistive pressure sensor: (a) Graded intrafillable architecture (GIA)-based iontronic pressure sensor with ultra-broad-range high sensitivity^[31]; (b) comparison in contact area of electrode and microstructure among hemisphere, tilted pillar, intrafillable pillar without gradient and GIA^[31]; (c) resistive pressure sensor with interlocked microdome arrays^[43]; (d)the change in resistance among planar, single microdomes and interlocked microdomes^[43].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 压电型压力传感器和摩擦电型压力传感器　(a)基于PDA修饰$ \mathrm{B}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{i}{\mathrm{O}}_{3} $(BTO)的压电型压力传感器原理示意图^[53]; (b)不同质量分数的PDA@BTO纳米颗粒对压力作用下输出电压、电流能力的影响^[53]; (c)在砂纸上固化PDMS作为摩擦材料制备的压力传感器^[57]; (d)不同压力范围内该传感器的灵敏度^[57]

Figure 3. Piezoelectric pressure sensor and triboelectric pressure sensor: (a) Flexible piezoelectric pressure sensor based on polydopamine-modified BaTiO₃/PVDF composite film^[53]; (b) the output voltages and currents of pressure sensors with different contents of PDA@BTO nanoparticles^[53]; (c) a flexible self-powered pressure sensor with coarse PDMS^[57]; (d) pressure sensitivity indicating different sensitivities at different pressure regimes^[57].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 压力响应范围　(a) 利用PZT制作的阵列型压力传感器. PDMS薄膜被真空镊子夹住轻置于传感器上^[51]; (b) 通过计算得到PDMS薄膜和传感器接触带来的压力分布示意图^[51]; (c) 基于多级非稳态自补偿结构的传感器与其他类型传感器相比具有极宽的压力响应范围和较高的灵敏度^[31]

Figure 4. Response range: (a) Conformable amplified lead zirconate titanate sensors with enhanced piezoelectric response. PDMS film was held by a vacuum tweezer^[51]; (b) map of contact pressure. Calculated pressure associated with contact between a PDMS post (1 mm thick) and an array of PZT elements on silicone^[51]; (c) graded intrafillable architecture-based iontronic pressure sensor has ultrahigh pressure response range and sensitivity^[31].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 空间分辨率　(a) 基于交叉定位技术设计传感器阵列^[81]; (b) 基于纳米线发光二极管的传感器阵列, 可以准确地反映受压区域.如这里用“ABC”字母模板施加压力^[83]; (c) 传感器阵列对手势的追踪响应^[81]; (d) 从没有应变到–0.15%的应变, 发光二极管的强度变化^[83]

Figure 5. Space resolution: (a) Self-powered high-resolution and pressure-sensitive triboelectric sensor matrix based on cross location technique^[81]; (b) high-resolution electroluminescent imaging of pressure distribution using a piezoelectric nanowire LED array. A convex character pattern, such as ‘ABC’, is used to apply the pressure pattern on top of the ITO electrode^[83]; (c) sensor array tracks to gesture and gives pressure distribution map^[81]; (d) electroluminescence images of the device at strains of 0 and –0.15%, respectively^[83].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 压力分辨率　(a)把质量十分轻的不同物品放在3块砖(320 kPa)上^[31]; (b)增加的压力为300, 40, 18 Pa时检测到的电容值变化^[31]; (c)把传感器压在汽车轮胎下^[31]; (d)在汽车上装上和卸下一箱纸巾, 检测对应的电容值变化^[31]; (e)体重为50 kg的女性上车和下车, 检测对应的电容值变化^[31]

Figure 6. Pressure sensor with high pressure resolution: (a) Detection of different micro pressure objects placed on three concrete bricks weighing 320 kPa^[31]; (b) capacitance signals corresponding to panel^[31]; (c) experimental set-up of a car with a GIA-based iontronic pressure sensor bonded under a rear tire, the test frequency is 10 kHz^[31]; (d) capacitance signals corresponding to a loaded, unloaded, and reloaded 1.7 kg bag of paper towels in the trunk of the car^[31]; (e) capacitance signals corresponding to a 50 kg female passenger getting into and out of the car^[31].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 压力传感器用于触觉感知　(a) 超薄单晶硅纳米带制作的电子皮肤中压力传感模块示意图和扫描电镜图^[86]; (b) 贴附电子皮肤的假肢在敲键盘和抓球时电阻的变化^[86]; (c) 能够像变色龙一样随着环境变化的传感器, 颜色变化主要由电致变色高分子来提供^[94]; (d) 对该传感器间歇性施加不同的压力, 有明显的颜色变化^[94]

Figure 7. Pressure sensor used for tactile sensing: (a) Schematic and scanning electron microscope image showing the working principle of the Si nanoribbon pressure sensor with a cavity^[86]; (b) resistance change when prosthetic limb taps a keyboard and catches a baseball^[86]; (c) a chameleon-inspired stretchable electronic skin with interactive color changing controlled by tactile sensing^[94]; (d) the change of colors under different pressures^[94].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 压力传感器用于健康监测　(a) 同时用商用检测设备和基于该压力传感器搭建的检测系统对指尖脉搏进行检测^[95]; (b) 使用该压力传感器检测35岁(左)和65岁(右)受试者得到的指尖脉搏波形^[95]; (c) 基于摩擦电型压力传感器阵列制备的床单, 小图展示了它由导电纤维和中间的PET薄膜构成^[98]; (d) 人的身体姿势和位置与对应的压力分布示意图(左), 受试者睡觉时不同区域压力指数分布直方图(右)^[98]; (e) 晚上23:00—早上08:00睡眠期间活动次数的分时直方图和相应的睡眠质量报告^[98]

Figure 8. Health monitoring: (a) Simultaneous fingertip-pulse wave monitoring using the intelligent arteriosclerosis monitoring system based on fingertip-contact pressure sensor and a commercial medical monitor^[95]; (b) fingertip-pulse waveforms of a 35-year-old participant (left) and a 65-year-old participant (right) ^[95]; (c) illustration of TENG -array-based smart textile. Inset is an enlarged view of one TENG unit of the smart textile^[98]; (d) graphical user interface of the human body’s posture, position, and pressure distribution (left). Diagrams showing the press number distribution of a sleeper over an entire night (right)^[98]; (e) time-sharing histogram of active number during the sleeping period of 23:00 PM to 08:00 AM and the correspondingly generated sleep quality report^[98].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

[1]	Wang Y, Wu X, Mei D, Zhu L, Chen J 2019 Sens. Actuators, A. 297 111512 Google Scholar
[2]	Xu M, Gao Y, Yu G, Lu C, Tan J, Xuan F 2018 Sens. Actuators, A. 284 260 Google Scholar
[3]	Wang Y, Chen J, Mei D 2020 Sens. Actuators, A. 307 111972 Google Scholar
[4]	Mao R, Yao W, Qadir A, Chen W, Gao W, Xu Y, Hu H 2020 Sens. Actuators, A. 312 112144 Google Scholar
[5]	Wang Y, Chao M, Wan P, Zhang L 2020 Nano Energy 70 104560 Google Scholar
[6]	Wu Y, Karakurt I, Beker L, Kubota Y, Xu R, Ho K Y, Zhao S, Zhong J, Zhang M, Wang X, Lin L 2018 Sens. Actuators, A. 279 46 Google Scholar
[7]	Shi Q, Zhang Z, Chen T, Lee C 2019 Nano Energy 62 355 Google Scholar
[8]	Kumar A 2018 Manuf. Lett. 15 122 Google Scholar
[9]	Hammock M L, Chortos A, Tee B C, Tok J B, Bao Z 2013 Adv. Mater. 25 5997 Google Scholar
[10]	Yang T, Xie D, Li Z, Zhu H 2017 Mat. Sci. Eng. R. 115 1 Google Scholar
[11]	Wan Y, Wang Y, Guo C F 2017 Mater. Today Phys. 1 61 Google Scholar
[12]	Chen W, Yan X 2020 J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 43 175 Google Scholar
[13]	Niu S, Matsuhisa N, Beker L, Li J, Wang S, Wang J, Jiang Y, Yan X, Yun Y, Burnett W J N E 2019 Nat. Electron. 2 361 Google Scholar
[14]	Sankar S, Brown A, Balamurugan D, Nguyen H, Iskarous M, Simcox T, Kumar D, Nakagawa A, Thakor N 2019 IEEE Sensors Montreal, Canada, October 27–30, 2019 p1
[15]	Tee B C K, Chortos A, Berndt A, Nguyen A K, Tom A, McGuire A, Lin Z C, Tien K, Bae W G, Wang H, Mei P, Chou H H, Cui B, Deisseroth K, Ng T N, Bao Z 2015 Science 350 313 Google Scholar
[16]	Zhao Z, Huang Q, Yan C, Liu Y, Zeng X, Wei X, Hu Y, Zheng Z 2020 Nano Energy 70 104528 Google Scholar
[17]	Qi K, Wang H, You X, Tao X, Li M, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, He J, Shao W, Cui S 2020 J. Colloid Interface Sci. 561 93 Google Scholar
[18]	Lee B Y, Kim J, Kim H, Kim C, Lee S D 2016 Sens. Actuators, A. 240 103 Google Scholar
[19]	Ma L Q, Shuai X T, Hu Y G, Liang X W, Zhu P, Sun R, Wong C P 2018 J. Mater. Chem. C. 6 13232 Google Scholar
[20]	Zhang X, Hu Y, Gu H, Zhu P, Jiang W, Zhang G, Sun R, Wong C P 2019 Adv. Mater. Technol. 4 1900367 Google Scholar
[21]	Zhang Y, Hu Y, Zhu P, Han F, Zhu Y, Sun R, Wong C P 2017 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 35968 Google Scholar
[22]	Li H, Wu K, Xu Z, Wang Z, Meng Y, Li L 2018 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10 20826 Google Scholar
[23]	Chen Y M, He S M, Huang C H, Huang C C, Shih W P, Chu C L, Kong J, Li J, Su C Y 2016 Nanoscale 8 3555 Google Scholar
[24]	Narducci M, Yu Chia L, Fang W, Tsai J 2013 J. Micromech. Microeng. 23 055007 Google Scholar
[25]	Shi H, Al Rubaiai M, Holbrook C M, Miao J, Pinto T, Wang C, Tan X 2019 Adv. Funct. Mater. 29 1903020 Google Scholar
[26]	Tolvanen J, Hannu J, Jantunen H 2017 IEEE Sens. J. 17 4735 Google Scholar
[27]	Pruvost M, Smit W, Monteux C, Poulin P, Colin A 2019 npj Flexible Electron. 3 1 Google Scholar
[28]	Wan S, Bi H, Zhou Y, Xie X, Su S, Yin K, Sun L 2017 Carbon 114 209 Google Scholar
[29]	Luo Y, Shao J, Chen S, Chen X, Tian H, Li X, Wang L, Wang D, Lu B 2019 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 17796 Google Scholar
[30]	Cheng M Y, Lin C L, Lai Y T, Yang Y J 2010 Sensors (Basel) 10 10211 Google Scholar
[31]	Bai N, Wang L, Wang Q, Deng J, Wang Y, Lu P, Huang J, Li G, Zhang Y, Yang J, Xie K, Zhao X, Guo C F 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 209 Google Scholar
[32]	Pereira V, Castro Neto A, Peres N M R 2009 Phys. Rev. B. 80 045401
[33]	Toriyama T, Sugiyama S 2002 J. Microelectromech. Syst. 11 598 Google Scholar
[34]	Timsit R 1999 IEEE Trans. Compon. Packaging Technol. 22 85 Google Scholar
[35]	Zhang H D, Liu Y J, Zhang J, Zhu J W, Qin Q H, Zhao C Z, Li X, Zhang J C, Long Y Z 2018 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 51 085102 Google Scholar
[36]	He Z, Byun J H, Zhou G, Park B J, Kim T H, Lee S B, Yi J W, Um M K, Chou T W 2019 Carbon 146 701 Google Scholar
[37]	Tee B C, Wang C, Allen R, Bao Z 2012 Nat. Nanotechnol. 7 825 Google Scholar
[38]	Choong C L, Shim M B, Lee B S, Jeon S, Ko D S, Kang T H, Bae J, Lee S H, Byun K E, Im J, Jeong Y J, Park C E, Park J J, Chung U I 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 3451 Google Scholar
[39]	Pan L, Chortos A, Yu G, Wang Y, Isaacson S, Allen R, Shi Y, Dauskardt R, Bao Z 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 3002 Google Scholar
[40]	Li Q, Jia Y, Yang X, et al. 2019 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 31 Google Scholar
[41]	Pang C, Lee G Y, Kim T I, Kim S M, Kim H N, Ahn S H, Suh K Y 2012 Nat. Mater. 11 795 Google Scholar
[42]	Park J, Lee Y, Hong J, Lee Y, Ha M, Jung Y, Lim H, Kim S Y, Ko H 2014 ACS Nano 8 12020 Google Scholar
[43]	Park J, Lee Y, Hong J, Ha M, Jung Y D, Lim H, Kim S Y, Ko H 2014 ACS Nano 8 4689 Google Scholar
[44]	Su B, Gong S, Ma Z, Yap L W, Cheng W 2015 Small 11 1886 Google Scholar
[45]	Tian G, Deng W L, Gao Y Y, Xiong D, Yan C, He X B, Yang T, Jin L, Chu X, Zhang H T, Yan W, Yang W Q 2019 Nano Energy 59 574 Google Scholar
[46]	Noh M S, Kim S, Hwang D K, Kang C Y 2017 Sens. Actuators A 261 288 Google Scholar
[47]	Tolvanen J, Hannu J, Juuti J, Jantunen H 2018 Electron. Mater. Lett. 14 113 Google Scholar
[48]	Min Gyu K, Woo Suk J, Chong Yun K, Seok Jin Y 2016 Actuators 5 5 Google Scholar
[49]	Cherumannil Karumuthil S, Singh K, Valiyaneerilakkal U, Akhtar J, Varghese S 2020 Sens. Actuators, A. 303 111677 Google Scholar
[50]	Kim H, Torres F, Wu Y Y, Villagran D, Lin Y R, Tseng T L 2017 Smart Mater. Struct. 26 085027 Google Scholar
[51]	Dagdeviren C, Su Y, Joe P, Yona R, Liu Y, Kim Y S, Huang Y, Damadoran A R, Xia J, Martin L W, Huang Y, Rogers J A 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4496 Google Scholar
[52]	Kim H, Torres F, Villagran D, Stewart C, Lin Y R, Tseng T L B 2017 Macromol. Mater. Eng. 302 1700229 Google Scholar
[53]	Yang Y, Pan H, Xie G Z, Jiang Y D, Chen C X, Su Y J, Wang Y, Tai H L 2020 Sens. Actuators A 301 111789 Google Scholar
[54]	Chen Z F, Wang Z, Li X M, Lin Y X, Luo N Q, Long M Z, Zhao N, Xu J B 2017 ACS Nano 11 4507 Google Scholar
[55]	Garcia C, Trendafilova I, Guzman de Villoria R, Sanchez del Rio J 2018 Nano Energy 50 401 Google Scholar
[56]	Fan F R, Tian Z Q, Wang Z L 2012 Nano Energy 1 328 Google Scholar
[57]	Das P S, Chhetry A, Maharjan P, Rasel M S, Park J Y 2019 Nano Res. 12 1789 Google Scholar
[58]	Zhao X, Chen B, Wei G, Wu J M, Han W, Yang Y 2019 Adv. Mater. Technol. 4 1800723 Google Scholar
[59]	Ryu S, Lee P, Chou J B, Xu R, Zhao R, Hart A J, Kim S G 2015 ACS Nano 9 5929 Google Scholar
[60]	Lipomi D J, Vosgueritchian M, Tee B C K, Hellstrom S L, Lee J A, Fox C H, Bao Z 2011 Nat. Nanotechnol. 6 788 Google Scholar
[61]	Wang Z, Jiang R, Li G, Chen Y, Tang Z, Wang Y, Liu Z, Jiang H, Zhi C 2017 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 22685 Google Scholar
[62]	Gao J F, Li B, Huang X W, Wang L, Lin L W, Wang H, Xue H G 2019 Chem. Eng. J. 373 298 Google Scholar
[63]	Tung T T, Karunagaran R, Tran D N H, Gao B S, Nag Chowdhury S, Pillin I, Castro M, Feller J F, Losic D 2016 J. Mater. Chem. C 4 3422 Google Scholar
[64]	Xu F, Zhu Y 2012 Adv. Mater. 24 5117 Google Scholar
[65]	Zhou J, Gu Y, Fei P, Mai W, Gao Y, Yang R, Bao G, Wang Z L 2008 Nano Lett. 8 3035 Google Scholar
[66]	Muthukumar N, Thilagavathi G, Kannaian T 2016 High Perform. Polym. 28 368 Google Scholar
[67]	Park H, Jeong Y R, Yun J, Hong S Y, Jin S, Lee S J, Zi G, Ha J S 2015 ACS Nano 9 9974 Google Scholar
[68]	Luo M Y, Li M F, Li Y Q, Chang K Q, Liu K, Liu Q Z, Wang Y D, Lu Z T, Liu X, Wang D 2017 Compos. Commun. 6 68 Google Scholar
[69]	Luo C, Liu N S, Zhang H, Liu W J, Yue Y, Wang S L, Rao J Y, Yang C X, Su J, Jiang X L, Gao Y H 2017 Nano Energy 41 527 Google Scholar
[70]	Jang H H, Park J S, Choi B 2019 Sens. Actuators A 286 107 Google Scholar
[71]	Cho S H, Lee S W, Yu S, Kim H, Chang S, Kang D, Hwang I, Kang H S, Jeong B, Kim E H, Cho S M, Kim K L, Lee H, Shim W, Park C 2017 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 10128 Google Scholar
[72]	Zhang S, Wang F, Peng H, Yan J, Pan G 2018 ACS Omega 3 3014 Google Scholar
[73]	Yoon S G, Park B J, Chang S T 2017 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 36206 Google Scholar
[74]	Lee P, Lee J, Lee H, Yeo J, Hong S, Nam K H, Lee D, Lee S S, Ko S H 2012 Adv. Mater. 24 3326 Google Scholar
[75]	Liang J, Li L, Tong K, Ren Z, Hu W, Niu X, Chen Y, Pei Q 2014 ACS Nano 8 1590 Google Scholar
[76]	Graz I M, Cotton D P J, Lacour S P 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 071902 Google Scholar
[77]	Huang S, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Ren Z, Guo C F 2018 Adv. Funct. Mater. 29 1805924
[78]	Keplinger C, Sun J Y, Foo C C, Rothemund P, Whitesides G M, Suo Z 2013 Science 341 984 Google Scholar
[79]	Yang C H, Suo Z G 2018 Nat. Rev. Mater. 3 125 Google Scholar
[80]	Kang D, Pikhitsa P V, Choi Y W, Lee C, Shin S S, Piao L, Park B, Suh K Y, Kim T, Choi M 2014 Nature 516 222 Google Scholar
[81]	Wang X, Zhang H, Dong L, Han X, Du W, Zhai J, Pan C, Wang Z L 2016 Adv. Mater. 28 2896 Google Scholar
[82]	Ma M Y, Zhang Z, Liao Q L, Yi F, Han L H, Zhang G J, Liu S, Liao X Q, Zhang Y 2017 Nano Energy 32 389 Google Scholar
[83]	Pan C F, Dong L, Zhu G, Niu S M, Yu R M, Yang Q, Liu Y, Wang Z L 2013 Nat. Photonics 7 752 Google Scholar
[84]	Chen H, Miao L, Su Z, Song Y, Han M, Chen X, Cheng X, Chen D, Zhang H 2017 Nano Energy 40 65 Google Scholar
[85]	Liang Z, Cheng J, Zhao Q, Zhao X, Han Z, Chen Y, Ma Y, Feng X 2019 Adv. Mater. Technol. 4 1900317 Google Scholar
[86]	Kim J, Lee M, Shim H J, Ghaffari R, Cho H R, Son D, Jung Y H, Soh M, Choi C, Jung S, Chu K, Jeon D, Lee S T, Kim J H, Choi S H, Hyeon T, Kim D H 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 5747 Google Scholar
[87]	Sim K, Rao Z, Zou Z, Ershad F, Lei J, Thukral A, Chen J, Huang Q A, Xiao J, Yu C 2019 Sci. Adv. 5 eaav9653 Google Scholar
[88]	Kim J S, Lee S C, Hwang J, Lee E, Cho K, Kim S J, Kim D H, Lee W H 2020 Adv. Funct. Mater. 30 2070089 Google Scholar
[89]	Liu H, Li M, Ouyang C, Lu T J, Li F, Xu F 2018 Small 14 1801711 Google Scholar
[90]	Lei Z, Wu P 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 1134 Google Scholar
[91]	Liao M, Wan P, Wen J, Gong M, Wu X, Wang Y, Shi R, Zhang L 2017 Adv. Funct. Mater. 27 1703852 Google Scholar
[92]	Ding H, Xin Z, Yang Y, Luo Y, Xia K, Wang B, Sun Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wu H, Fan S, Zhang L, Liu K 2020 Adv. Funct. Mater. 30 1909616 Google Scholar
[93]	Wu Y Z, Liu Y W, Zhou Y L, Man Q K, Hu C, Asghar W, Li F L, Yu Z, Shang J, Liu G, Liao M Y, Li R W 2018 Sci. Robot. 3 eaat0429 Google Scholar
[94]	Chou H H, Nguyen A, Chortos A, To J W F, Lu C, Mei J, Kurosawa T, Bae W G, Tok J B H, Bao Z 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8011 Google Scholar
[95]	Meng K, Wu Y, He Q, Zhou Z, Wang X, Zhang G, Fan W, Liu J, Yang J 2019 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 46399 Google Scholar
[96]	Li X, Fan Y J, Li H Y, Cao J W, Xiao Y C, Wang Y, Liang F, Wang H L, Jiang Y, Wang Z L, Zhu G 2020 ACS Nano
[97]	Chen S, Wu N, Lin S, Duan J, Xu Z, Pan Y, Zhang H, Xu Z, Huang L, Hu B, Zhou J 2020 Nano Energy 70 104460 Google Scholar
[98]	Lin Z, Yang J, Li X, Wu Y, Wei W, Liu J, Chen J, Yang J 2018 Adv. Funct. Mater. 28 1704112.1
[99]	Min S D, Yun Y, Shin H 2014 IEEE Sens. J. 14 3245 Google Scholar
[100]	Liu M, Pu X, Jiang C, Liu T, Huang X, Chen L, Du C, Sun J, Hu W, Wang Z L 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1703700 Google Scholar
[101]	Deng C, Tang W, Liu L, Chen B, Li M, Wang Z L 2018 Adv. Funct. Mater. 28 1801606 Google Scholar
[102]	Ying H, Zhang Y, Cheng J 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 3218 Google Scholar
[103]	Boutry C M, Nguyen A, Lawal Q O, Chortos A, Rondeau Gagné S, Bao Z 2015 Adv. Mater. 27 6954 Google Scholar
[104]	Li Z, Feng H, Zheng Q, Li H, Zhao C, Ouyang H, Noreen S, Yu M, Su F, Liu R, Li L, Wang Z L, Li Z 2018 Nano Energy 54 390 Google Scholar
[105]	Jiang D, Shi B, Ouyang H, Fan Y, Wang Z L, Li Z 2020 ACS Nano 14 6436 Google Scholar
[106]	Zhang P, Chen Y, Guo Z H, Guo W, Pu X, Wang Z L 2020 Adv. Funct. Mater. 30 1909252 Google Scholar
[107]	Wang F, Jiang J, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang S, Han L, Liu H, Sang Y 2020 Nano Energy 70 104457 Google Scholar
[108]	Xiao K, Wan C, Jiang L, Chen X, Antonietti M 2020 Adv. Mater. 32 e2000218 Google Scholar

[1]	Li Yin-Hui, Yin Rong-Yan, Liang Jian-Guo, Li Wei-Dong, Fan Kai, Zhou Yun-Lei. A flexible piezoelectric/pyroelectric dual-function sensor with high temperature resistance. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(20): 206801. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20241006
[2]	Chen Zhao, Ma Xin-Xin, Li Tong, Wang Yi-Lin. Optical pressure sensor based on Fano resonance in a coupled resonator system. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(8): 084205. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20232025
[3]	Wang Wei, Li Jin-Yang, Mao Guo-Pei, Yang Yan, Gao Zhi-Qiang, Ma Cong, Zhong Xiang-Yu, Shi Qing. Optical fiber high-temperature pressure sensor with weak temperature sensitivity. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(1): 014208. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20231155
[4]	Jiang Zi-Han, Ke Shuo, Zhu Ying, Zhu Yi-Xin, Zhu Li, Wan Chang-Jin, Wan Qing. Flexible neuromorphic transistors and their biomimetric sensing application. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(14): 147301. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20220308
[5]	Zhu Jia-Xue, Zhang Xu-Meng, Wang Rui, Liu Qi. Flexible memristive spiking neuron for neuromorphic sensing and computing. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(14): 148503. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20212323
[6]	Yin Xu-Kun, Dong Lei, Wu Hong-Peng, Liu Li-Xian, Shao Xiao-Peng. Design and optimization of photoacoustic CO gas sensor for fault diagnosis of SF₆ gas insulated equipment. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(17): 170701. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20210532
[7]	Li Feng-Chao, Kong Zhen, Wu Jin-Hua, Ji Xin-Yi, Liang Jia-Jie. Advances in flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(10): 100703. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20210023
[8]	Wang Chuang, Bao Rong-Rong, Pan Cao-Feng. Research and application of flexible wearable electronics based on nanogenerator in touch sensor. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(10): 100705. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20202157
[9]	Ding Ya-Fei, Chen Xiang-Yu. Triboelectric nanogenerator based wearable energy harvesting devices. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(17): 170202. doi: 10.7498/aps.69.20200867
[10]	Li Chuang, Li Wei-Wei, Cai Li, Xie Dan, Liu Bao-Jun, Xiang Lan, Yang Xiao-Kuo, Dong Dan-Na, Liu Jia-Hao, Chen Ya-Bo. Flexible nitrogen dioxide gas sensor based on reduced graphene oxide sensing material using silver nanowire electrode. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(5): 058101. doi: 10.7498/aps.69.20191390
[11]	Tan Pu-Chuan, Zhao Chao-Chao, Fan Yu-Bo, Li Zhou. Research progress of self-powered flexible biomedical sensors. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(17): 178704. doi: 10.7498/aps.69.20201012
[12]	Liu Xu-Yang, Zhang He-Qiu, Li Bing-Bing, Liu Jun, Xue Dong-Yang, Wang Heng-Shan, Liang Hong-Wei, Xia Xiao-Chuan. Characteristics of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor temperature sensor. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(4): 047201. doi: 10.7498/aps.69.20190640
[13]	Li Sheng-You, Liu Jia-Rong, Wen Hao, Liu Xiang-Yang, Guo Wen-Xi. Recent advances in silk-based wearable sensors. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(17): 178703. doi: 10.7498/aps.69.20200818
[14]	Yao Kuan-Ming, Yao Jing-Yi, Hai Zhao, Li Deng-Feng, Xie Zhao-Qian, Yu Xin-Ge. Stretchable self-powered epidermal electronics from piezoelectric rubber for tactile sensing. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(17): 178701. doi: 10.7498/aps.69.20200664
[15]	Luo Yin-Hong, Guo Xiao-Qiang, Chen Wei, Guo Gang, Fan Hui. Energy and angular dependence of single event upsets in ESA SEU Monitor. Acta Physica Sinica, 2016, 65(20): 206103. doi: 10.7498/aps.65.206103
[16]	Li Jia-Dong, Cheng Jun-Jie, Miao Bin, Wei Xiao-Wei, Zhang Zhi-Qiang, Li Hai-Wen, Wu Dong-Min. Research on biomolecule-gate AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor biosensors. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(7): 070204. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.070204
[17]	Song Jia, Luo Qing-Hua, Peng Xi-Yuan. Faultprevention technique of controlling redundant routes into sleeping based on health degree. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(12): 128401. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.128401
[18]	Zhang Yan-Yan, Rao Chang-Hui, Li Mei, Ma Xiao-Yu. The detection error analysis of Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor based on electron multiplying charge-coupled devices. Acta Physica Sinica, 2010, 59(8): 5904-5913. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.5904
[19]	Xu Zhen-Yu, Zhang Ruo-Jing, Gong Yi-Ling. The principles of pressure sensors based on photonic crystal. Acta Physica Sinica, 2004, 53(3): 724-727. doi: 10.7498/aps.53.724
[20]	FAN LIANG-ZAO, XING WEI-FU, JIN RUO-BING. THE DYNAMIC TRANSMITTING PROPERTIES OF A PIEZO-ELECTRIC PRESSURE BAR TRANSDUCER. Acta Physica Sinica, 1977, 26(4): 301-306. doi: 10.7498/aps.26.301

Catalog

Vol. 69, Issue 17 - 2020-09-05

Metrics

Abstract views: 70595
PDF Downloads: 2960
Cited By: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Search

Article

留言板