Mn-In-Cu co-doping to optimize thermoelectric properties of SnTe-based materials

Huang Qing-Song; Duan Bo; Chen Gang; Ye Ze-Chang; Li Jiang; Li Guo-Dong; Zhai Peng-Cheng

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20202020

Abstract

Lead-free chalcogenide SnTe has a similar crystal structure and energy band structure to high performance thermoelectric material PbTe, which has been widely concerned in recent years. However, due to its low Seebeck coefficient, high intrinsic Sn vacancy concentration and high thermal conductivity, its intrinsic thermoelectric performance is poor. In this study, Mn-In-Cu co-doping SnTe-based thermoelectric materials are prepared by hot pressing sintering at high-temperature and high-pressure. Indium (In) doping brings the resonant level in SnTe and increases the density of states which greatly improves Seebeck coefficient at room temperature; the Seebeck coefficient of Sn_1.04In_0.01Te(Cu₂Te)_0.05 reaches 70 μV·K^–1 at room temperature. With adding manganese (Mn), the Seebeck coefficient at room temperature is well preserved, indicating that Mn doping has little effect on the resonant level brought by In doping. In addition, due to the band convergence brought by Mn doping, the high temperature Seebeck coefficient of the material is improved, the maximum Seebeck coefficient reaches 215 μV·K^–1 for the sample with 17% Mn doping amount at 873 K. Owing to the combination of band convergence and resonant level, the Seebeck coefficient of the whole temperature range of the material increases, the power factor of the material is also greatly optimized, and all samples have a power factor of more than 1.0 mW·m^–1·K^–2 at room temperature. On the other hand, the point defects brought by Mn alloying and the interstitial defects introduced by copper (Cu) enhance the phonon scattering and effectively reduce the lattice thermal conductivity of the material, the lattice thermal conductivity decreases to 0.68 W·m^–1·K^–1 at 873 K. The electrical and thermal properties of the materials are optimized simultaneously under the combination of various strategies, the peak zT ≈ 1.45 is obtained at 873 K in the p-type Sn_0.89Mn_0.15In_0.01Te(Cu₂Te)_0.05 sample and the average zT of 300–873 K reaches 0.76. In the process of multi-strategy coordinated regulation of SnTe-based thermoelectric materials, the excellent properties of single strategy can be well maintained, which provides a possibility for further improving the performance of SnTe-based thermoelectric materials.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

Corresponding author: Duan Bo, duanboabc@whut.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51772231, 51972253) and the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities, China (Grant Nos. 2020IB001, 2020IB013)

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References

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Cited By

图 1 Sn_1.04–_xMn_xIn_0.01Te (Cu₂Te)_0.05(x = 0—0.17)的(a) XRD图谱, (b) 57.5°—60° XRD图谱局部放大图, (c) 晶格常数随Mn掺杂量x的变化

Figure 1. Sn_1.04–_xMn_xIn_0.01Te(Cu₂Te)_0.05 samples (x = 0–0.17): (a) XRD patterns; (b) enlarged view between 57.5°–60°; (c) lattice parameter as a function of x

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 Sn_0.89Mn_0.15In_0.01Te(Cu₂Te)_0.05样品的扫描电子显微镜图像

Figure 2. Scanning electron microscope images of the Sn_0.89Mn_0.15In_0.01Te(Cu₂Te)_0.05 sample.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 Sn_1.04–_xMn_xIn_0.01Te(Cu₂Te)_0.05(x = 0—0.17)样品的(a) 电导率随温度的变化, (b) 室温下载流子浓度和迁移率随x的变化, (c) Seebeck系数随温度的变化, (d) 室温下Seebeck系数与载流子浓度关系以及和相关研究的对比图^{[11,17,30-32]}, (e) 室温下有效质量对比图, (f) 功率因子随温度的变化

Figure 3. Sn_1.04–_xMn_xIn_0.01Te(Cu₂Te)_0.05 (x = 0–0.17) samples: (a) Electrical conductivities as a function of temperature; (b) carrier concentration and mobility as a function of x at room temperature; (c) Seebeck coefficients as a function of temperature; (d) the relationship between Seebeck coefficient and carrier concentration at room temperature and comparison with the correlation studies^{[11,17,30-32]}; (e) effective mass comparison at room temperature; (f) power factor as a function of temperature.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 Sn_1.04–_xMn_xIn_0.01Te(Cu₂Te)_0.05(x = 0—0.17)样品的(a) 总热导率、(b) 洛伦兹数、(c) 载流子热导率、(d) 晶格热导率随温度的变化

Figure 4. Thermoelectric properties of Sn_1.04–_xMn_xIn_0.01Te(Cu₂Te)_0.05 (x = 0–0.17) as a function of temperature: (a) Total thermal conductivity; (b) Lorenz number; (c) carrier thermal conductivity; (d) lattice thermal conductivity.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 Sn_1.04In_0.01Te(Cu₂Te)_0.05样品和Sn_0.89Mn_0.15In_0.01Te(Cu₂Te)_0.05样品的(a) 晶格热导率的实验值与拟合结果对比, (b) 晶格热导率与1000/T的函数关系图

Figure 5. (a) Experimental and fitting results of lattice thermal conductivity for Sn_1.04In_0.01Te(Cu₂Te)_0.05 and Sn_0.89Mn_0.15In_0.01Te(Cu₂Te)_0.05; (b) lattice thermal conductivity as a function of 1000/T for Sn_1.04In_0.01Te(Cu₂Te)_0.05 and Sn_0.89Mn_0.15In_0.01Te(Cu₂Te)_0.05.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 (a) Sn_1.04–_xMn_xIn_0.01Te(Cu₂Te)_0.05(x = 0—0.17)样品的zT值随温度的变化; (b) 不同掺杂样品300—873 K的zT_ave^{[11,19,23,30,32,40-43]}

Figure 6. (a) Temperature dependent zT for Sn_1.04–_xMn_xIn_0.01Te(Cu₂Te)_0.05 (x = 0–0.17) samples; (b) comparison of zT_ave with a temperature gradient of 300–873 K^{[11,19,23,30,32,40-43]}.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

[1]	Wood C 1988 Rep. Prog. Phys. 51 459 Google Scholar
[2]	Biswas K, He J, Blum I D, Wu C I, Hogan T P, Seidman D N, Dravid V P, Kanatzidis M G 2012 Nature 489 414 Google Scholar
[3]	Pei Y, Shi X, LaLonde A, Wang H, Chen L, Snyder G J 2011 Nature 473 66 Google Scholar
[4]	Brebrick R F 1963 J. Phys. Chem. Solids 24 27 Google Scholar
[5]	Rogers L M 1968 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 1 845 Google Scholar
[6]	Wu H, Chang C, Feng D, Xiao Y, Zhang X, Pei Y, Zheng L, Wu D, Gong S, Chen Y, He J, Kanatzidis M G, Zhao L D 2015 Energy Environ. Sci. 8 3298 Google Scholar
[7]	Banik A, Shenoy U S, Anand S, Waghmare U V, Biswas K 2015 Chem. Mater. 27 581 Google Scholar
[8]	Tan G, Shi F, Doak J W, Sun H, Zhao L D, Wang P, Uher C, Wolverton C, Dravid V P, Kanatzidis M G 2015 Energy Environ. Sci. 8 267 Google Scholar
[9]	Tan G, Zhao L D, Shi F, Doak J W, Lo S H, Sun H, Wolverton C, Dravid V P, Uher C, Kanatzidis M G 2014 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136 7006 Google Scholar
[10]	Tan X J, Shao H Z, He J, Liu G Q, Xu J T, Jiang J, Jiang H C 2016 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18 7141 Google Scholar
[11]	Zhang Q, Liao B, Lan Y, Lukas K, Liu W, Esfarjani K, Opeil C, Broido D, Chen G, Ren Z 2013 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110 13261 Google Scholar
[12]	Ma Z, Lei J, Zhang D, Wang C, Wang J, Cheng Z, Wang Y 2019 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11 33792 Google Scholar
[13]	Bhat D K, Shenoy U S 2017 J. Phys. Chem. C 121 7123 Google Scholar
[14]	Banik A, Vishal B, Perumal S, Datta R, Biswas K 2016 Energy Environ. Sci. 9 2011 Google Scholar
[15]	Roychowdhury S, Biswas R K, Dutta M, Pati S K, Biswas K 2019 ACS Energy Lett. 4 1658 Google Scholar
[16]	Tan G, Hao S, Hanus R C, Zhang X, Anand S, Bailey T P, Rettie A J E, Su X, Uher C, Dravid V P, Snyder G J, Wolverton C, Kanatzidis M G 2018 ACS Energy Lett. 3 705 Google Scholar
[17]	Pei Y, Zheng L, Li W, Lin S, Chen Z, Wang Y, Xu X, Yu H, Chen Y, Ge B 2016 Adv. Electron. Mater. 2 1600019 Google Scholar
[18]	Hu L, Zhang Y, Wu H, Li J, Li Y, McKenna M, He J, Liu F, Pennycook S J, Zeng X 2018 Adv. Energy Mater. 8 1802116 Google Scholar
[19]	Tang J, Gao B, Lin S, Li J, Chen Z, Xiong F, Li W, Chen Y, Pei Y 2018 Adv. Funct. Mater. 28 1803586 Google Scholar
[20]	Tang J, Yao Z, Wu Y, Lin S, Xiong F, Li W, Chen Y, Zhu T, Pei Y 2020 Mater. Today Phys. 15 100247 Google Scholar
[21]	Xu X, Cui J, Yu Y, Zhu B, Huang Y, Xie L, Wu D, He J 2020 Energy Environ. Sci. 13 5135 Google Scholar
[22]	Blachnik R, Igel R 1974 Z. Naturforsch., B: Chem. Sci. 29 625 Google Scholar
[23]	Li W, Zheng L, Ge B, Lin S, Zhang X, Chen Z, Chang Y, Pei Y 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1605887 Google Scholar
[24]	Li W, Chen Z, Lin S, Chang Y, Ge B, Chen Y, Pei Y 2015 J. Materiomics 1 307 Google Scholar
[25]	Wu Y, Chen Z, Nan P, Xiong F, Lin S, Zhang X, Chen Y, Chen L, Ge B, Pei Y 2019 Joule 3 1276 Google Scholar
[26]	Zak A K, Majid A W H, Abrishami M E, Yousefi R 2011 Solid State Sci. 13 251 Google Scholar
[27]	Sarker P, Sen S K, Mia M N H, Pervez M F, Mortuza A A, Hossain S, Mortuza M F, Ali M H, Nur S, Kabir H, Chowdhury M A M 2021 Ceram. Int. 47 3626 Google Scholar
[28]	Guo F, Cui B, Liu Y, Meng X, Cao J, Zhang Y, He R, Liu W, Wu H, Pennycook S J, Cai W, Sui J 2018 Small 14 1802615 Google Scholar
[29]	Acharya S, Pandey J, Soni A 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 133904 Google Scholar
[30]	Li S M, Li J Q, Yang L, Liu F S, Ao W Q, Li Y 2016 Mater. Des. 108 51 Google Scholar
[31]	Uher C 2016 Materials Aspect of Thermoelectricity (Vol. 1) (Boca Raton: CRC Press) p8
[32]	傅铁铮, 沈家骏, 忻佳展, 朱铁军 2019 硅酸盐学报 47 1467 Fu T Z, Shen J J, Qi J Z, Zhu T J 2019 J. Chin. Ceram. Soc. 47 1467
[33]	Brebrick R F, Strauss A J 1963 Phys. Rev. 131 104 Google Scholar
[34]	Guo F, Cui B, Geng H, Zhang Y, Wu H, Zhang Q, Yu B, Pennycook S J, Cai W, Sui J 2019 Small 15 1902493 Google Scholar
[35]	Shenoy U S, Bhat D K 2020 J. Mater. Chem. C 8 2036 Google Scholar
[36]	Kim H S, Gibbs Z M, Tang Y, Wang H, Snyder G J 2015 APL Mater. 3 041516 Google Scholar
[37]	Callaway J 1959 Phys. Rev. 113 1046 Google Scholar
[38]	Hussain T, Li X, Danish M H, Rehman M U, Zhang J, Li D, Chen G, Tang G 2020 Nano Energy 73 104832 Google Scholar
[39]	Li W, He Q Y, Chen J F, Pan Z L, Wang T 2014 Chem. Phys. Lett. 616-617 196 Google Scholar
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[43]	Wang D, Zhang X, Yu Y, Xie L, Wang J, Wang G, He J, Zhou Y, Pang Q, Shao J, Zhao L D 2019 J. Alloys Compd. 773 571 Google Scholar

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