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Reducing the Schottky barrier at the metal-semiconductor interface and achieving Ohmic contacts are very important for developing high-performance Schottky field-effect devices. Based on the fact that GaN and 1T-VSe2 monolayers have been successfully prepared experimentally, we theoretically construct a GaN/1T-VSe2 heterojunction model and investigate its stability, Schottky barrier property and its modulation effects by using first-principle method. The calculated formation energy and the molecular dynamics simulations show that the constructed heterojunction is very stable, meaning that it can be realized experimentally. The intrinsic heterojunction holds a p-type Schottky contact and always keeps the same p-type Schottky contact when tensile or compressive strain is applied. But when the external electric field is applied, the situation is different. For example, a higher forward electric field can cause the heterojunction to change from a Schottky contact into an Ohmic contact, and a higher reverse electric field can lead to a variation from a p-type Schottky contact to an n-type Schottky contact. In particular, by implementing chemical doping, the transition from Schottky contact to Ohmic contact can be achieved more easily for the heterojunction. For example, the introduction of B atom enables the GaN/1T-VSe2 heterojunction to realize a typical Ohmic contact, while for C and F atom doping, the GaN/1T-VSe2 heterojunction can achieve a quasi-Ohmic contact. These studies provide a theoretical reference for the practical application of the suggested heterojunction, and are of very important in designing novel high-performance nano-scale electronic devices.
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Keywords:
- van der Waals heterojunction /
- Schottky barrier /
- Ohmic contact /
- physical regulation /
- chemical doping
[1] Shokri A, Esrafilian M, Salami N 2020 Physica E 119 113908Google Scholar
[2] Althib H 2021 Results Phys. 22 103943Google Scholar
[3] Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666Google Scholar
[4] Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Katsnelson M I, Grigorieva I V, Dubonos S V, Firsov A A 2005 Nature 438 197Google Scholar
[5] Dai X Y, Mitchell I, Kim S, An H, Ding F 2022 Carbon 199 233Google Scholar
[6] Shu Y, He K J, Xiong R, Cui Z, Yang X H, Xu C, Zheng J J, Wen C L, Wu B, Sa B S 2022 Appl. Surf. Sci. 604 154540Google Scholar
[7] Galashev A Y, Vorob’ev A S 2022 Physica E 138 115120Google Scholar
[8] Karim H, Shahnaz, Batool M, Yaqub M, Saleem M, Gilani M A, Tabassum S 2022 Appl. Surf. Sci. 596 153618Google Scholar
[9] Zhuo Q Z, Liu X J, OU J L, Fu Z T, Xu X Y 2022 Appl. Surf. Sci. 598 153719Google Scholar
[10] Bi S H, Bi P, Xue M Z 2021 Comp. Mater. Sci. 197 110603Google Scholar
[11] Xie M Q, Li Y, Liu X H, Li X A 2022 Appl. Surf. Sci. 591 153198Google Scholar
[12] Wang Q H, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kis A, Coleman J N, Strano M S 2012 Nat. Nanotechnol. 7 699Google Scholar
[13] Butler S Z, Hollen S M, Cao L, et al. 2013 ACS Nano 7 2898Google Scholar
[14] Anasori B, Lukatskaya M R, Gogotsi Y 2017 Nat. Rev. Mater. 2 16098Google Scholar
[15] Naguib M, Kurtoglu M, Presser V, Lu J, Niu J, Min H, Hultman L, Gogotsi Y, Barsoum M W 2011 Adv. Mater. 23 4248Google Scholar
[16] Song J G, Park J, Lee W, Choi T, Jung H, Lee C W, Hwang S H, Myoung J M, Jung J H, Kim S H, Lansalot-Matras C, Kim H 2013 ACS Nano 7 11333Google Scholar
[17] Chang H Y, Yogeesh M N, Ghosh R, Rai A, Sanne A, Yang S, Lu N, Banerjee S K, Akinwande D 2016 Adv. Mater. 28 1818Google Scholar
[18] Choi W B, Choudhary N, Han G H, Park J, Akinwande D, Lee Y H 2017 Mater. Today 20 116Google Scholar
[19] Kim C, Moon I, Lee D, Choi M S, Ahmed F, Nam S, Cho Y, Shin H J, Park S, Yoo W J 2017 ACS Nano 11 1588Google Scholar
[20] Song N H, Ling H, Wang Y S, Zhang L Y, Yang Y Y, Jia Y 2019 J. Solid State Chem. 269 513Google Scholar
[21] Allain A, Kang J H, Banerjee K, Kis A 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 1195Google Scholar
[22] Tung R T 2014 Appl. Phys. Rev. 1 54Google Scholar
[23] Popov I, Seifert G, Tomanek D 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 156802Google Scholar
[24] Chung K, Lee C, Yi G 2010 Science 330 655Google Scholar
[25] Kobayashi Y, Kumakura K, Akasaka T, Makimoto T 2012 Nature 484 223Google Scholar
[26] Freeman C L, Claeyssens F, Allan N L, Harding J H 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 066102Google Scholar
[27] Ahin H, Cahangirov S, Topsakal M, Bekaroglu E, Ciraci S 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 155453Google Scholar
[28] Al Balushi Z Y, Wang K, Ghosh R K, Vilá R A, Eichfeld S M, Caldwell J D, Qin X Y, Lin Y C, DeSario P A, Stone G, Subramanian S, Paul D F, Wallace R M, Datta S, Redwing J M, Robinson J A 2016 Nat. Mater. 15 1166Google Scholar
[29] Shen P F, Li E L, Zhang L, Zhao H Y, Cui Z, Ma D M 2021 Superlattice. Microst. 156 106930Google Scholar
[30] Song J, Ding Z, Liu X F, Huang Z C, Li J W, Wei J M, Luo Z J, Wang J H, Guo X 2021 Comp. Mater. Sci. 197 110644Google Scholar
[31] González-Ariza R, Martínez-Castro O, Moreno-Armenta M G, Gonzalez-Garcia A, Lopez-Perez W, Gonzalez-Hernandez R 2019 Physica B 569 57Google Scholar
[32] Zhao Q, Xiong Z H, Qin Z Z, Chen L L, Wu N, Li X X 2016 J. Phys. Chem. Solids 91 1Google Scholar
[33] Cui Z, Wang X, Li E L, Ding Y C, Sun C L, Sun M L 2018 Nanoscale Res. Lett. 13 207Google Scholar
[34] Bonilla M, Kolekar S, Ma Y J, Diaz H C, Kalappattil V, Das R, Eggers T, Gutierrez H R, Phan M H, Batzill M 2018 Nat. Nanotechnol. 13 289Google Scholar
[35] Chen P, Pai W W, Chan Y H, Madhavan V, Chou M Y, Mo S K, Fedorov A V, Chiang T C 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 196402Google Scholar
[36] FengJ G, Biswas D, Rajan A, et al. 2018 Nano Lett. 18 4493Google Scholar
[37] Zhang Z P, Gong Y, Zou X L, Liu P R, Yang P F, Shi J P, Zhao L Y, Zhang Q, Gu L, Zhang Y F 2019 ACS Nano 13 885Google Scholar
[38] Hu H K, Zhang Z, Ouyang G 2020 Appl. Surf. Sci. 517 146168Google Scholar
[39] Ma Y D, Dai Y, Guo M, Niu C W, Yua L, Huang B B 2011 Nanoscale 3 2301Google Scholar
[40] Li Y H, Zhang Z H, Fan Z Q, Zhou R L 2020 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 32 015303Google Scholar
[41] Zhao T, Fan Z Q, Zhang Z H, Zhou R L 2019 J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 52 475301Google Scholar
[42] Hu R, Li Y H, Zhang Z H, Fan Z Q, Sun L 2019 J. Mater. Chem. C 7 7745Google Scholar
[43] 张仑, 陈红丽, 义钰, 张振华 2022 物理学报 71 177304Google Scholar
Zhang L, Chen H L, Yi Y, Zhang Z H 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 177304Google Scholar
[44] Hu J K, Zhang Z H, Fan Z Q, Zhou R L 2019 Nanotechnology 30 485703Google Scholar
[45] Si J G, Lu W J, Wu H Y, Lü H Y, Liang X, Li Q J, Sun Y P 2020 Phys. Rev. B 101 235405Google Scholar
[46] Ma Y D, Dai Y, Guo M, Niu C W, Zhu Y T, Huang B B 2012 ACS Nano 6 1695Google Scholar
[47] Grimme S 2006 J. Comput. Chem. 27 1787Google Scholar
[48] Meng X S, Liu H L, Lin L K, Cheng Y B, Hou X, Zhao S Y, Lu H M, Meng X K 2021 Appl. Surf. Sci. 539 148302Google Scholar
[49] Xia C X, Peng Y T, Wei S Y, Jia Y 2013 Acta Mater. 61 7720Google Scholar
[50] Fu H R, Yan B H, Wu S C, Felser C, Chang C R 2016 New J. Phys. 18 113038Google Scholar
[51] Yadava C S, Rastogi A K 2010 Solid State Commun. 150 648Google Scholar
[52] Dai J Q, Yuan J, Ke C, Wei Z C 2021 Appl. Surf. Sci. 547 149206Google Scholar
[53] Pham K, Nguyen C, Nguyen C, Cuong P, Hieu N 2021 New. J. Chem. 45 5509Google Scholar
[54] Cui Z, Ren K, Zhao Y M, Wang X, Shu H B, Yu J, Tang W C, Sun M L 2019 Appl. Surf. Sci. 492 513Google Scholar
[55] Vu T V, Hieu N V, Phuc H V, Hieu N N, Bui H D, Idrees M, Amin B, Nguyen C V 2020 Appl. Surf. Sci. 507 145036Google Scholar
[56] Liu Y H, Li H, Liu F B, Sun S, Zhou G, Qing T, Zhang S H, Lu J 2022 Solid State Commun. 348 114770Google Scholar
[57] Liu Y, Zhang W D, Lü B H, Ge Y, Zhang R G, Wang B J, Chen Z H, Zhang Q, Sang S B 2022 Surf. Interfaces 30 101823Google Scholar
[58] 梁前, 钱国林, 罗祥燕, 梁永超, 谢泉 2022 物理学报 71 217301Google Scholar
Liang Q, Qian G L, Luo X Y, Liang Y C, Xie Q 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 217301Google Scholar
[59] 张芳, 贾利群, 孙现亭, 戴宪起, 黄奇祥, 李伟 2020 物理学报 69 157302Google Scholar
Zhang F, Jia L Q, Sun X T, Dai X Q, Huang Q X, Li W 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 157302Google Scholar
[60] Pérez-Tomás A, Fontserè A 2011 Solid State Electron. 56 201Google Scholar
[61] Hu J S, Duan W Y, He H, Lü H, Huang C Y, Ma X G 2019 J. Mater. Chem. C 7 7798Google Scholar
[62] 郝国强, 张瑞, 张文静, 陈娜, 叶晓军, 李红波 2022 物理学报 71 017104Google Scholar
Hao G Q, Zhang R, Zhang W J, Chen N, Ye X J, Li H B 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 017104Google Scholar
[63] 汤家鑫, 范志强, 邓小清, 张振华 2022 物理学报 71 116101Google Scholar
Tang J X, Fan Z Q, Deng X Q, Zhang Z H 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 116101Google Scholar
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图 1 (a) GaN单层原子结构正视图和侧视图; (b) GaN单层能带结构和DOS; (c) 1T-VSe2单层原子结构正视图和侧视图; (d) 1T-VSe2单层能带结构, 其中黑色实线和虚线分别表示电子上旋和下旋能带结构
Figure 1. (a) Top and side views of GaN monolayer atomic structure; (b) band structure and DOS of GaN monolayer; (c) top and side views of 1T-VSe2 monolayer atomic structure; (d) band structure of 1T-VSe2 monolayer, in which the black solid line and dotted line represent the electronic α-spin and β-spin band structure, respectively.
图 2 GaN与1T-VSe2单层形成异质结时不同堆叠方式, GaN层的N原子分别对齐1T-VSe2层的(a) V原子, (b)上层Se原子, (c)下层Se原子, (d) V-Se键中间, 以及(e)空位, 并记为S1—S5. (f) 5种堆叠方式的最低能量的相对值ΔE
Figure 2. Different stacking configurations for GaN and 1T-VSe2 monolayers integrated to form heterojunctions. The N atom in top GaN layer is just aligned with the (a) V atom, (b) upper Se atoms, (c) lower Se atom, (d) middle of V—Se bond, and (e) hollow site in bottom 1T-VSe2 layer, which are marked as S1—S5, respectively. (f) Relative value of the lowest energy ΔE, for five stacking configurations.
图 3 (a)本征异质结S1的正视图和侧视图; (b)进行淬火处理后异质结S1的正视图和侧视图; (c)异质结S1的能带结构以及DOS图, 红色和黑色分别表示GaN和1T-VSe2单层对能带的贡献, 灰色部分表示总DOS, 红色部分表示GaN的PDOS; (d) 异质结S1沿垂直方向的平均静电势以及空间电荷差密度, 其中青色表示失去电子, 紫色表示得到电子, 等值面为0.001 e·Å–3
Figure 3. (a) Top and side views for intrinsic heterojunction S1; (b) top and side views for heterojunction S1 after quenching treatment; (c) band structure and DOS of the heterojunction S1, red and black lines denote the respective contribution of GaN and 1T-VSe2 monolayers to the energy band structure, the gray part indicates the total density of states, and the red part indicates the PDOS of GaN; (d) the average electrostatic potential and space charge density difference in the vertical direction of heterojunction S1, where cyan represents the loss of electrons, and purple represents the gain of electrons, the isosurface is set to 0.001 e·Å–3.
图 4 垂直应变效应 (a)异质结S1施加应变示意图; (b)异质结的肖特基势垒高度 ΦB,n, ΦB,p和GaN单层的带隙Eg随层间距的变化, 绿色竖直虚线表示本征异质结层间距
Figure 4. Vertical strain effects: (a) Schematic diagram of applied strain for heterojunction S1; (b) Schottky barrier heights ΦB,n and ΦB,p, and the band gap Eg for GaN monolayers versus layer spacing, where the green vertical dotted line represents the layer spacing for intrinsic heterostructure .
图 5 异质结S1的能带结构随层间距的变化细节, 其中黑色表示1T-VSe2层的贡献, 橙色表示GaN层的贡献, 在费米能级附近的上下两个方框分别表示ΦB,n和ΦB,p
Figure 5. Detailed variation of energy band structure for heterojunction S1 with the layer spacing, where black represents the contribution of 1T-VSe2 layer, orange denotes the contribution of GaN layer, and the upper and lower two boxes around the Fermi level indicate ΦB,n and ΦB,p, respectively.
图 6 外加电场效应 (a)异质结S1施加外电场作用示意图; (b)异质结的肖特基势垒高度 ΦB,n, ΦB,p和GaN单层的带隙Eg随电场的变化
Figure 6. External electric field effects: (a) Schematic diagram of applying external electric field for heterojunction S1; (b) Schottky barrier height ΦB,n and ΦB,p, and the band gap Eg of GaN monolayer versus external electric field.
图 7 异质结S1的能带结构随外电场变化情况, 其中黑色表示1T-VSe2层的贡献, 橙色表示GaN层的贡献, 上下两个方框分别表示ΦB,n和ΦB,p
Figure 7. Energy band structure of heterojunction S1 changes with the external electric field in details, where black represents the contribution of 1T-VSe2 layer, orange denotes the contribution of GaN layer, and the upper and lower two boxes around the Fermi level indicate ΦB,n and ΦB,p, respectively.
图 8 化学掺杂效应 (a) X-GaN/1T-VSe2异质结的原子结构正视图和侧视图; (b) X-GaN的能带结构; (c) X-GaN /1T-VSe2异质结的能带结构, 其中黑色表示1T-VSe2层的贡献, 橙色表示X-GaN层的贡献, 上下两个方框分别表示ΦB,n和ΦB,p
Figure 8. Chemical doping effects: (a) Top and side views of atomic structure for X-GaN/1T-VSe2 heterostructure; (b) energy band structure of X-GaN; (c) the energy band structure of the X-GaN/1T-VSe2 heterostructure, where black represents the contribution of 1T-VSe2 layer, orange denotes the contribution of GaN layer, and the upper and lower two boxes around the Fermi level indicate ΦB,n and ΦB,p, respectively.
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[1] Shokri A, Esrafilian M, Salami N 2020 Physica E 119 113908Google Scholar
[2] Althib H 2021 Results Phys. 22 103943Google Scholar
[3] Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666Google Scholar
[4] Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Katsnelson M I, Grigorieva I V, Dubonos S V, Firsov A A 2005 Nature 438 197Google Scholar
[5] Dai X Y, Mitchell I, Kim S, An H, Ding F 2022 Carbon 199 233Google Scholar
[6] Shu Y, He K J, Xiong R, Cui Z, Yang X H, Xu C, Zheng J J, Wen C L, Wu B, Sa B S 2022 Appl. Surf. Sci. 604 154540Google Scholar
[7] Galashev A Y, Vorob’ev A S 2022 Physica E 138 115120Google Scholar
[8] Karim H, Shahnaz, Batool M, Yaqub M, Saleem M, Gilani M A, Tabassum S 2022 Appl. Surf. Sci. 596 153618Google Scholar
[9] Zhuo Q Z, Liu X J, OU J L, Fu Z T, Xu X Y 2022 Appl. Surf. Sci. 598 153719Google Scholar
[10] Bi S H, Bi P, Xue M Z 2021 Comp. Mater. Sci. 197 110603Google Scholar
[11] Xie M Q, Li Y, Liu X H, Li X A 2022 Appl. Surf. Sci. 591 153198Google Scholar
[12] Wang Q H, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kis A, Coleman J N, Strano M S 2012 Nat. Nanotechnol. 7 699Google Scholar
[13] Butler S Z, Hollen S M, Cao L, et al. 2013 ACS Nano 7 2898Google Scholar
[14] Anasori B, Lukatskaya M R, Gogotsi Y 2017 Nat. Rev. Mater. 2 16098Google Scholar
[15] Naguib M, Kurtoglu M, Presser V, Lu J, Niu J, Min H, Hultman L, Gogotsi Y, Barsoum M W 2011 Adv. Mater. 23 4248Google Scholar
[16] Song J G, Park J, Lee W, Choi T, Jung H, Lee C W, Hwang S H, Myoung J M, Jung J H, Kim S H, Lansalot-Matras C, Kim H 2013 ACS Nano 7 11333Google Scholar
[17] Chang H Y, Yogeesh M N, Ghosh R, Rai A, Sanne A, Yang S, Lu N, Banerjee S K, Akinwande D 2016 Adv. Mater. 28 1818Google Scholar
[18] Choi W B, Choudhary N, Han G H, Park J, Akinwande D, Lee Y H 2017 Mater. Today 20 116Google Scholar
[19] Kim C, Moon I, Lee D, Choi M S, Ahmed F, Nam S, Cho Y, Shin H J, Park S, Yoo W J 2017 ACS Nano 11 1588Google Scholar
[20] Song N H, Ling H, Wang Y S, Zhang L Y, Yang Y Y, Jia Y 2019 J. Solid State Chem. 269 513Google Scholar
[21] Allain A, Kang J H, Banerjee K, Kis A 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 1195Google Scholar
[22] Tung R T 2014 Appl. Phys. Rev. 1 54Google Scholar
[23] Popov I, Seifert G, Tomanek D 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 156802Google Scholar
[24] Chung K, Lee C, Yi G 2010 Science 330 655Google Scholar
[25] Kobayashi Y, Kumakura K, Akasaka T, Makimoto T 2012 Nature 484 223Google Scholar
[26] Freeman C L, Claeyssens F, Allan N L, Harding J H 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 066102Google Scholar
[27] Ahin H, Cahangirov S, Topsakal M, Bekaroglu E, Ciraci S 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 155453Google Scholar
[28] Al Balushi Z Y, Wang K, Ghosh R K, Vilá R A, Eichfeld S M, Caldwell J D, Qin X Y, Lin Y C, DeSario P A, Stone G, Subramanian S, Paul D F, Wallace R M, Datta S, Redwing J M, Robinson J A 2016 Nat. Mater. 15 1166Google Scholar
[29] Shen P F, Li E L, Zhang L, Zhao H Y, Cui Z, Ma D M 2021 Superlattice. Microst. 156 106930Google Scholar
[30] Song J, Ding Z, Liu X F, Huang Z C, Li J W, Wei J M, Luo Z J, Wang J H, Guo X 2021 Comp. Mater. Sci. 197 110644Google Scholar
[31] González-Ariza R, Martínez-Castro O, Moreno-Armenta M G, Gonzalez-Garcia A, Lopez-Perez W, Gonzalez-Hernandez R 2019 Physica B 569 57Google Scholar
[32] Zhao Q, Xiong Z H, Qin Z Z, Chen L L, Wu N, Li X X 2016 J. Phys. Chem. Solids 91 1Google Scholar
[33] Cui Z, Wang X, Li E L, Ding Y C, Sun C L, Sun M L 2018 Nanoscale Res. Lett. 13 207Google Scholar
[34] Bonilla M, Kolekar S, Ma Y J, Diaz H C, Kalappattil V, Das R, Eggers T, Gutierrez H R, Phan M H, Batzill M 2018 Nat. Nanotechnol. 13 289Google Scholar
[35] Chen P, Pai W W, Chan Y H, Madhavan V, Chou M Y, Mo S K, Fedorov A V, Chiang T C 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 196402Google Scholar
[36] FengJ G, Biswas D, Rajan A, et al. 2018 Nano Lett. 18 4493Google Scholar
[37] Zhang Z P, Gong Y, Zou X L, Liu P R, Yang P F, Shi J P, Zhao L Y, Zhang Q, Gu L, Zhang Y F 2019 ACS Nano 13 885Google Scholar
[38] Hu H K, Zhang Z, Ouyang G 2020 Appl. Surf. Sci. 517 146168Google Scholar
[39] Ma Y D, Dai Y, Guo M, Niu C W, Yua L, Huang B B 2011 Nanoscale 3 2301Google Scholar
[40] Li Y H, Zhang Z H, Fan Z Q, Zhou R L 2020 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 32 015303Google Scholar
[41] Zhao T, Fan Z Q, Zhang Z H, Zhou R L 2019 J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 52 475301Google Scholar
[42] Hu R, Li Y H, Zhang Z H, Fan Z Q, Sun L 2019 J. Mater. Chem. C 7 7745Google Scholar
[43] 张仑, 陈红丽, 义钰, 张振华 2022 物理学报 71 177304Google Scholar
Zhang L, Chen H L, Yi Y, Zhang Z H 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 177304Google Scholar
[44] Hu J K, Zhang Z H, Fan Z Q, Zhou R L 2019 Nanotechnology 30 485703Google Scholar
[45] Si J G, Lu W J, Wu H Y, Lü H Y, Liang X, Li Q J, Sun Y P 2020 Phys. Rev. B 101 235405Google Scholar
[46] Ma Y D, Dai Y, Guo M, Niu C W, Zhu Y T, Huang B B 2012 ACS Nano 6 1695Google Scholar
[47] Grimme S 2006 J. Comput. Chem. 27 1787Google Scholar
[48] Meng X S, Liu H L, Lin L K, Cheng Y B, Hou X, Zhao S Y, Lu H M, Meng X K 2021 Appl. Surf. Sci. 539 148302Google Scholar
[49] Xia C X, Peng Y T, Wei S Y, Jia Y 2013 Acta Mater. 61 7720Google Scholar
[50] Fu H R, Yan B H, Wu S C, Felser C, Chang C R 2016 New J. Phys. 18 113038Google Scholar
[51] Yadava C S, Rastogi A K 2010 Solid State Commun. 150 648Google Scholar
[52] Dai J Q, Yuan J, Ke C, Wei Z C 2021 Appl. Surf. Sci. 547 149206Google Scholar
[53] Pham K, Nguyen C, Nguyen C, Cuong P, Hieu N 2021 New. J. Chem. 45 5509Google Scholar
[54] Cui Z, Ren K, Zhao Y M, Wang X, Shu H B, Yu J, Tang W C, Sun M L 2019 Appl. Surf. Sci. 492 513Google Scholar
[55] Vu T V, Hieu N V, Phuc H V, Hieu N N, Bui H D, Idrees M, Amin B, Nguyen C V 2020 Appl. Surf. Sci. 507 145036Google Scholar
[56] Liu Y H, Li H, Liu F B, Sun S, Zhou G, Qing T, Zhang S H, Lu J 2022 Solid State Commun. 348 114770Google Scholar
[57] Liu Y, Zhang W D, Lü B H, Ge Y, Zhang R G, Wang B J, Chen Z H, Zhang Q, Sang S B 2022 Surf. Interfaces 30 101823Google Scholar
[58] 梁前, 钱国林, 罗祥燕, 梁永超, 谢泉 2022 物理学报 71 217301Google Scholar
Liang Q, Qian G L, Luo X Y, Liang Y C, Xie Q 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 217301Google Scholar
[59] 张芳, 贾利群, 孙现亭, 戴宪起, 黄奇祥, 李伟 2020 物理学报 69 157302Google Scholar
Zhang F, Jia L Q, Sun X T, Dai X Q, Huang Q X, Li W 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 157302Google Scholar
[60] Pérez-Tomás A, Fontserè A 2011 Solid State Electron. 56 201Google Scholar
[61] Hu J S, Duan W Y, He H, Lü H, Huang C Y, Ma X G 2019 J. Mater. Chem. C 7 7798Google Scholar
[62] 郝国强, 张瑞, 张文静, 陈娜, 叶晓军, 李红波 2022 物理学报 71 017104Google Scholar
Hao G Q, Zhang R, Zhang W J, Chen N, Ye X J, Li H B 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 017104Google Scholar
[63] 汤家鑫, 范志强, 邓小清, 张振华 2022 物理学报 71 116101Google Scholar
Tang J X, Fan Z Q, Deng X Q, Zhang Z H 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 116101Google Scholar
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