Theoretical study of introducing spin into nonmagnetic graphene-based single-molecule junction by edge modifications

Qin Zhi-Jie; Zhang Hui-Qing; Zhang Guang-Ping; Ren Jun-Feng; Wang Chuan-Kui; Hu Gui-Chao; Qiu Shuai

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20230267

Abstract

Injecting spins into nonmagnetic molecular devices has attracted much attention in molecular spintronics. Herein, we propose a novel strategy to introduce magnetism into a single benzene molecule coupled with two armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNR) electrodes, where the ends of two AGNR electrodes are cut into zigzag-edge triangular graphenes (ZTGs). The spin-dependent transport properties of the molecular junction are investigated by using the density functional theory (DFT) combined with the non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) method. The analyses of the spin-dependent projected density of states and the net spin density distribution of the scattering region reveal that the intrinsic magnetism of the ZTGs is weakened, owing to spin transfer from ZTGs to AGNR electrodes and the benzene molecule. More interestingly, the attenuated intrinsic magnetism of the ZTGs can still contribute to a significant spin transport of the molecular junction. Transport calculations show that in the parallel spin configuration, a large spin polarization of nearly 90% current is obtained. However, the spin polarization of current is reversed in antiparallel spin configuration. Positive or negative tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) can be modulated by bias voltage. A TMR up to 53% is obtained in the device. The results are further analyzed from the transmission spectra and local density of states. This work presents a promising potential applications of the ZTGs in the field of molecular spintronics, which can contribute to the design of graphene nanoribbons based molecular spintronic devices.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China

Corresponding author: Hu Gui-Chao, hgc@sdnu.edu.cn ; Qiu Shuai, shuaiqiu@sdnu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12204281, 11974215, 21933002) and the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. ZR2022QA068).

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References

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Cited By

图 1 分子结模型示意图. 分子结由中心苯分子和两个AGNRs电极组成, AGNRs电极与分子相邻的末端被切割成ZTGs. 红色和蓝色区域可以设置为P和AP自旋构型

Figure 1. Schematic of investigated molecular junction consisting of a benzene molecule sandwiched between two AGNRs electrodes. The ends of the AGNRs electrodes adjacent to the benzene molecule are cutting into ZTGs. The red and blue areas can be set to P or AP spin configuration.

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图 2 零偏压下, P自旋构型的自旋相关PDOS示意图　(a) 左边ZTG; (b) 苯分子. 图(a)中箭头指向的是费米能级附近自旋相关PDOS的放大图

Figure 2. Spin-dependent PDOS in P spin configuration under zero bias voltage: (a) Left ZTG; (b) benzene molecule. The arrow in panel (a) indicates the zoomed-in plots of spin-dependent PDOS near the Fermi energy.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 零偏压下, P (a)和AP (b)自旋构型的净自旋密度分布. 洋红色和青色分别表示自旋向上和自旋向下的密度分布. 图中阈值设为0.02

Figure 3. The net spin density distribution for the P (a) and AP (b) spin configurations under zero bias voltage. Magenta and cyan colors represent the spin-up and spin-down density distribution, respectively. The isovalue is 0.02.

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图 4 P (a)和AP (b)构型下分子结总电流以及自旋相关电流的电流-电压曲线图

Figure 4. Total and spin-dependent current-voltage curves of molecular junction in P (a) and AP (b) spin configurations.

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图 5 (a) P和AP构型下电流的SP随电压变化曲线; (b) 分子结的TMR随电压变化曲线

Figure 5. (a) Bias-dependent SP of current in P and AP spin configurations; (b) bias-dependent TMR of molecular junction.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 (a), (b) 2.0 V和3.0 V时P构型分子结的自旋相关透射谱; (c), (d) 2.0 V和3.0 V时AP构型分子结的自旋相关透射谱; (e), (f) 2.0 V和3.0 V时P和AP自旋构型分子结的总透射谱. 图中虚线均表示偏压窗

Figure 6. (a), (b) Spin-dependent transmission spectra of molecular junction in P spin configuration at 2.0 and 3.0 V, respectively; (c), (d) spin-dependent transmission spectra of molecular junction in AP spin configuration at 2.0 and 3.0 V; (e), (f) total transmission spectra of molecular junction in P and AP spin configurations at 2.0 and 3.0 V, respectively. The dashed lines indicate the bias window.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 2.0 V时P构型下, 电子的LDOS分布　(a) 能量在0.3 eV处自旋向上的电子; (b) 能量在–0.167 eV处自旋向下的电子. 3.0 V时P构型下–0.6 eV能量处电子的LDOS分布　(c)自旋向上的电子; (d)自旋向下的电子. 图中阈值均为0.02

Figure 7. LDOS of electrons in P spin configuration under 2.0 V: (a) Spin-up electrons at the energy of 0.3 eV; (b) spin-down electrons at the energy of –0.167 eV. LDOS of electrons at the energy of –0.6 eV in P spin configuration under 3.0 V: (c) Spin-up electrons; (d) spin-down electrons. The isovalue is 0.02.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

[1]	李婧, 丁帅帅, 胡文平 2022 物理学报 71 067201 Google Scholar Li J, Ding S S, Hu W P 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 067201 Google Scholar
[2]	蒋小红, 秦泗晨, 幸子越, 邹星宇, 邓一帆, 王伟, 王琳 2021 物理学报 70 127801 Google Scholar Jiang X H, Qin S C, Xing Z Y, Zou X Y, Deng Y F, Wang W, Wang L 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 127801 Google Scholar
[3]	Jia C C, Guo X F 2013 Chem. Soc. Rev. 42 5642 Google Scholar
[4]	Metzger R M 2015 Chem. Rev. 115 5056 Google Scholar
[5]	Xiang D, Wang X L, Jia C C, Lee T, Guo X F 2016 Chem. Rev. 116 4318 Google Scholar
[6]	Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666 Google Scholar
[7]	Geim A K, Novoselov K S 2007 Nat. Mater. 6 183 Google Scholar
[8]	Tang G P, Zhou J C, Zhang Z H, Deng X Q, Fan Z Q 2013 Carbon 60 94 Google Scholar
[9]	Hüser F, Solomon G C 2015 J. Chem. Phys. 143 214302 Google Scholar
[10]	Jia C C, Ma B J, Xin N, Guo X F 2015 Acc. Chem. Res. 48 2565 Google Scholar
[11]	Li Q, Duchemin I, Xiong S Y, Solomon G C, Donadio D 2015 J. Phys. Chem. C 119 24636 Google Scholar
[12]	Neto A H C, Guinea F, Peres N M R, Novoselov K S, Geim A K 2009 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 109 Google Scholar
[13]	Zhang Y, Tan Y W, Stormer H L, Kim P 2005 Nature 438 201 Google Scholar
[14]	Deng X Q, Zhang Z H, Tang G P, Fan Z Q, Yang C H 2014 Carbon 66 646 Google Scholar
[15]	Zeng J, Chen K Q, He J, Zhang X J, Sun C Q 2011 J. Phys. Chem. C 115 25072 Google Scholar
[16]	Goto H, Uesugi E, Eguchi R, Fujiwara A, Kubozono Y 2013 Nano Lett. 13 1126 Google Scholar
[17]	Owens F J 2008 J. Chem. Phys. 128 194701 Google Scholar
[18]	Ezawa M 2008 Physica E 40 1421 Google Scholar
[19]	Ezawa M 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 245415 Google Scholar
[20]	Berger C, Song Z, Li X, Wu X, Brown N, Naud C, Mayou D, Li T, Hass J, Marchenkov A N, Conrad E H, First P N, de Heer W A 2006 Science 312 1191 Google Scholar
[21]	Räder H J, Rouhanipour A, Talarico A M, Palermo V, Samorì P, Müllen K 2006 Nat. Mater. 5 276 Google Scholar
[22]	Saffarzadeh A, Farghadan R 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 023106 Google Scholar
[23]	Zou D Q, Cui B, Kong X R, Zhao W K, Zhao J F, Liu D S 2015 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17 11292 Google Scholar
[24]	Fan Z Q, Xie F, Jiang X W, Wei Z M, Li S S 2016 Carbon 110 200 Google Scholar
[25]	Sanvito S 2010 Nat. Phys. 6 562 Google Scholar
[26]	崔兴倩, 刘乾, 范志强, 张振华 2020 物理学报 69 248501 Google Scholar Cui X Q, Liu Q, Fan Z Q, Zhang Z H 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 248501 Google Scholar
[27]	Yao Y X, Wang C Z, Zhang G P, Ji M, Ho K M 2009 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 21 235501 Google Scholar
[28]	Zhang G P, Fang X W, Yao Y X, Wang C Z, Ding Z J, Ho K M 2010 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 23 025302 Google Scholar
[29]	Candini A, Klyatskaya S, Ruben M, Wernsdorfer W, Affronte M 2011 Nano Lett. 11 2634 Google Scholar
[30]	Son Y W, Cohen M L, Louie S G 2006 Nature 444 347 Google Scholar
[31]	Son Y W, Cohen M L, Louie S G 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 216803 Google Scholar
[32]	Kan E, Li Z, Yang J, Hou J G 2008 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 4224 Google Scholar
[33]	Zhang J J, Zhang Z H, Tang G P, Deng X Q, Fan Z Q 2014 Org. Electron. 15 1338 Google Scholar
[34]	Tang G P, Zhou J C, Zhang Z H, Deng X Q, Fan Z Q 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 023104 Google Scholar
[35]	Ling Y C, Ning F, Zhou Y H, Chen K Q 2015 Org. Electron. 19 92 Google Scholar
[36]	Sawada K, Ishii F, Saito M 2010 Phys. Rev. B 82 245426 Google Scholar
[37]	Inoue J, Fukui K, Kubo T, Nakazawa S, Sato K, Shiomi D, Morita Y, Yamamoto K, Takui T, Nakasuji K 2001 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123 12702 Google Scholar
[38]	Ci L, Xu Z, Wang L, Gao W, Feng D, Kelly K F, Yakobson B I, Ajayan P M 2008 Nano Res. 1 116 Google Scholar
[39]	Chuvilin A, Meyer J C, Algara-Siller G, Kaiser U 2009 New J. Phys. 11 083019 Google Scholar
[40]	Brandbyge M, Mozos J L, Ordejón P, Taylor J, Stokbro K 2002 Phys. Rev. B 65 165401 Google Scholar
[41]	José M S, Emilio A, Julian D G, Alberto G, Javier J, Pablo O, Daniel S P 2002 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 14 2745 Google Scholar
[42]	Smidstrup S, Markussen T, Vancraeyveld P, et al. 2020 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 32 015901 Google Scholar
[43]	Landauer R 1970 Philos. Mag. 21 863 Google Scholar
[44]	Xiong Z H, Wu D, Vardeny Z V, Shi J 2004 Nature 427 821 Google Scholar
[45]	He G M, Qiu S, Cui Y J, Yu C J, Miao Y Y, Zhang G P, Ren J F, Wang C K, Hu G C 2019 J. Mater. Sci. 54 5551 Google Scholar
[46]	Qiu S, Miao Y Y, Zhang G P, Ren J F, Wang C K, Hu G C 2019 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 479 247 Google Scholar
[47]	Solomon G C, Herrmann C, Hansen T, Mujica V, Ratner M A 2010 Nat. Chem. 2 223 Google Scholar
[48]	Szulczewski G 2012 Top. Curr. Chem. 312 275 Google Scholar
[49]	Liu Q, Li J J, Wu D, Deng X Q, Zhang Z H, Fan Z Q, Chen K Q 2021 Phys. Rev. B 104 045412 Google Scholar
[50]	Zeng Y J, Wu D, Cao X H, Zhou W X, Tang L M, Chen K Q 2020 Adv. Funct. Mater. 30 1903873 Google Scholar

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