Experimental study on microwave plasma discharge and combustion of premixed methane and air at atmospheric pressure

Cao Shu-Li; Li Shou-Zhe; Niu Yu-Long; Li Rong-Yi; Zhu Hai-Long

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20230676

Abstract

In this work, we carry out the experiments on an atmospheric-pressure premixed methane and air microwave plasma discharge combustion with premixed methane and air to study the morphology, the spatial distribution of species, and the temperature characteristics for various microwave power values and methane-to-air equivalent ratios (Φ) at a series of measurement positions. The experimental results show that the equivalent ratio of 0.4 corresponds to the limit value for lean-combustion of premixed methane and air. And for Φ < 0.4, the discharge flame is mainly characterized by the combustion induced by premixed methane and air microwave plasma discharge, while, for Φ ≥ 0.4, the discharge flame is constricted into filaments radially, and the natural combustion occurs in the region of low reduced electric strength and the combustion induced by plasma discharge in the region of high reduced electric strength, which affect each other. The variations of emission intensity of OH (A-X) band, NH (A-X) band and CN (B-X) band with the measuring position and the equivalent ratio Φ are measured by using optical emission spectrometry (OES). It is found that the discharge combustion occurs in near afterglow and the combustion in far afterglow. And the vibrational temperature and the rotational temperature of the plasma discharge combustion are determined by analyzing the emission bands of CN(B-X) and the variations of both vibrational and rotational temperatures with equivalent ratio, exhibiting very different varying tendencies for cases of Φ < 0.4 and Φ ≥ 0.4, respectively. Finally, the reaction pathway and mechanism are discussed on the basis of the comparative analyses of the emission spectra of CH₄ diffusion combustion flame, premixed methane and nitrogen microwave plasma discharge, and premixed methane and air microwave plasma discharge combustion.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
2.
School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
3.
College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China

Corresponding author: Li Shou-Zhe, lisz@dlut.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11975003) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant No. DUT22LAB105).

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References

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[2]	Starikovskaia S M 2014 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 47 353001 Google Scholar
[3]	Denissenko P, Bulat M P, Esakov I I, Grachev L P, Volkov K N, Volobuev I A, Upyrev V, Bulat P V 2019 Combust. Flame 202 417 Google Scholar
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[29]	Wang Z, Huang J, Wang Q, Hou L Y, Zhang G X 2015 Combust. Flame 162 2561 Google Scholar
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Cited By

图 1 实验装置示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 预混甲烷和空气的微波放电燃烧形态(微波功率为1200 W)的(a) 侧视图和 (b) 俯视图, 以及(c)自然燃烧火焰形态(NC)俯视图

Figure 2. (a) Side view and (b) top view of premixed methane and air microwave plasma discharge and combustion at microwave power of 1200 W and (c) top view of natural combustion flame.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 不同当量比下预混甲烷和空气自然燃烧 (NC) 和在微波等离子体放电 (微波功率为1200 W) 增强燃烧的红外光谱图

Figure 3. Infrared spectra of natural combustion of premixed CH₄ and air and microwave plasma discharge enhanced combustion (microwave power of 1200 W) at a series of equivalence ratios.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 在总气流量为18 SLM、微波功率为1200 W时, 当量比分别为 (a) Φ = 0.3和 (b) Φ = 0.6下的沿x轴空间分辨发射光谱图

Figure 4. Spatial distribution of emission spectra at a series of positions along x axis at the equivalence ratio of (a) 0.3 and (b) 0.6, respectively, with the fixed total gas flow rate of 18 SLM and microwave power of 1200 W.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 在总气流量为18 SLM、微波功率为1200 W时, CN, NH和OH自由基发射强度随轴向距离的变化曲线

Figure 5. Plot of emission intensities of CN, NH and OH bands versus the axial distance at a total gas flow rate of 18 SLM and microwave power of 1200 W.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 在总气流量为18 SLM、微波功率为1400 W时, 不同当量比下预混甲烷和空气微波等离子体放电燃烧的发射光谱

Figure 6. Emission spectra of premixed CH₄ and air microwave plasma discharge and combustion at a series of equivalence ratios, a total gas flow rate of 18 SLM and microwave power of 1400 W.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 在微波功率为1400 W时, (a) OH(A-X)、NH(A-X)和CN(B-X)谱带的发射强度以及 (b) CN/NH和NH/OH自由基对的发射强度比值随当量比的变化

Figure 7. Variations of emission intensity of (a) OH(A-X), NH(A-X) and CN(B-X) bands and (b) intensity ratio of radical pairs of CN/NH and NH/OH versus the equivalence ratios at the microwave power of 1400 W.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 (a) 计算CN谱带的转动温度所选用的P支谱线; (b) 对CN谱带中所选转动谱线强度分布的玻尔兹曼拟合

Figure 8. (a) Measured spectrum of P-branch of CN band and candidate spectral lines for calculation of rotational temperature; (b) Boltzmann fitting of intensity of selected lines in CN band.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 9 在总气流量为18 SLM条件下, (a)微波功率分别为1200 W, 1400 W和1600 W时, 由CN谱带确定的转动温度随当量比的变化曲线; (b)当量比分别为0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7以及0.8时, 转动温度随微波功率的变化曲线

Figure 9. Plot of the rotational temperature determined from CN bands versus (a) the equivalent ratio at a series of microwave power and (b) microwave power at various equivalent ratios, respectively, at a fixed total gas flow rate of 18 SLM.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 10 (a) 计算CN振动温度所选用的带组带头; (b) 对CN谱带中所选带组的带头强度分布的玻尔兹曼拟合

Figure 10. (a) Measured spectrum of CN bands and candidate bandheads for calculation of vibrational temperature; (b) Boltzmann fitting of intensity of selected bandheads in CN band.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 11 在总气流量为18 SLM条件下, (a)微波功率分别为1200 W, 1400 W和1600 W时, 由CN谱带确定的振动温度随当量比的变化曲线; (b)当量比分别为0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7以及0.8时, 振动温度随微波功率的变化曲线

Figure 11. Plot of the vibrational temperature determined from CN bands versus (a) the equivalent ratio at a series of microwave power and (b) microwave power at various equivalent ratios, respectively, at a fixed total gas flow rate of 18 SLM.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 12 (a) CH₄在空气中扩散燃烧时的发射光谱图; (b) CH₄/N₂按照0.3∶17.8比例预混微波等离子体放电发射光谱图(微波功率1200 W); (c) CH₄/Air按照0.7∶17.3比例预混时微波等离子体放电燃烧的发射光谱图(微波功率1200 W)

Figure 12. Emission spectra of (a) CH₄ diffusion combustion in the ambient air without microwave plasma discharge; (b) microwave plasma discharge in CH₄/N₂ with mixing ratio of 0.3∶17.8 (microwave power of 1200 W); (c) microwave plasma discharge and combustion in CH₄/Air with mixing ratio of 0.7∶17.3, respectively (microwave power of 1200 W).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

[1]	Chu S, Majumdar A 2012 Nature 488 294 Google Scholar
[2]	Starikovskaia S M 2014 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 47 353001 Google Scholar
[3]	Denissenko P, Bulat M P, Esakov I I, Grachev L P, Volkov K N, Volobuev I A, Upyrev V, Bulat P V 2019 Combust. Flame 202 417 Google Scholar
[4]	Ju Y G, Sun W T 2015 Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 48 21 Google Scholar
[5]	Sun W T, Uddi M, Won S H, Ombrello T, Carter C, Ju Y G 2012 Combust. Flame 159 221 Google Scholar
[6]	Tang Y, Sun J G, Shi B L, Li S Q, Yao Q 2021 Combust. Flame 231 111483 Google Scholar
[7]	Kim W, Mungal M G, Cappelli M A 2010 Combust. Flame 157 374 Google Scholar
[8]	Sun W T, Uddi M, Ombrello T, Won S H, Carter C, Ju Y G 2011 Proc. Combust. Inst. 33 3211 Google Scholar
[9]	Starikovskiy A, Aleksandrov N 2013 Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 39 61 Google Scholar
[10]	Mu H B, Yu L, Li P, Tang C L, Wang J H, Zhang G J 2015 Plasma Sci. Technol. 17 1019 Google Scholar
[11]	Ono R, Ogura K, Mogi T 2017 J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 50 365201 Google Scholar
[12]	Redondo A B, Troussard E, van Bokhoven J A 2012 Fuel Process. Technol. 104 265 Google Scholar
[13]	Cruccolini V, Discepoli G, Cimarello A, Battistoni M, Mariani F, Grimaldi C N, Dal Re M 2020 Fuel 259 116290 Google Scholar
[14]	Chintala N, Bao A, Lou G F, Adamovich I V 2006 Combust. Flame 144 744 Google Scholar
[15]	Wolk B, DeFilippo A, Chen J Y, Dibble R, Nishiyama A, Ikeda Y 2013 Combust. Flame 160 1225 Google Scholar
[16]	Ehn A, Petersson P, Zhu J J, Li Z S, Aldén M, Nilsson E J K, Larfeldt J, Larsson A, Hurtig T, Zettervall N, Fureby C 2017 Proc. Combust. Inst. 36 4121 Google Scholar
[17]	Zhang X L, Niu Y L, Li S Z, Cao S L, Ji C J 2021 Phys. Plasmas 28 123511 Google Scholar
[18]	Li S Z, Niu Y L, Cao S L, Zhang J, Zhang J L, Li X C 2022 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 55 235203 Google Scholar
[19]	Mao X Q, Chen Q, Guo C H 2019 Energy Convers. Manage. 200 112018 Google Scholar
[20]	Kang H, Choi S, Jung C M, Kim K T, Song Y H, Lee D H 2020 Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 45 30009 Google Scholar
[21]	Feng R, Li J, Wu Y, Jia M, Jin D 2020 Aerosp. Sci. Technol. 99 105752 Google Scholar
[22]	Hong Y C, Uhm H S 2006 Phys. Plasmas 13 113501 Google Scholar
[23]	Wang C J, Wu W 2013 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 46 464008 Google Scholar
[24]	Wu W, Fuh C A, Wang C J 2015 Combust. Sci. Technol. 187 999 Google Scholar
[25]	Fuh C A, Wang C J 2020 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 48 2646 Google Scholar
[26]	Hemawan K W, Wichman I S, Lee T, Grotjohn T A, Asmussen J 2009 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80 053507 Google Scholar
[27]	Dedic C E, Michael J B 2021 Combust. Flame 227 322 Google Scholar
[28]	Wu W, Fuh C A, Wang C J 2015 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 43 3986 Google Scholar
[29]	Wang Z, Huang J, Wang Q, Hou L Y, Zhang G X 2015 Combust. Flame 162 2561 Google Scholar
[30]	Stockman E S, Zaidi S H, Miles R B, Carter C D, Ryan M D 2009 Combust. Flame 156 1453 Google Scholar
[31]	Hammack S, Lee T, Carter C 2012 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 40 3139 Google Scholar
[32]	Michael J B, Chng T L, Miles R B 2013 Combust. Flame 160 796 Google Scholar
[33]	Li Y H, Chen C T, Fang H K 2019 Energy 188 116007 Google Scholar
[34]	Hwang J, Bae C, Park J, Choe W, Cha J, Woo S 2016 Combust. Flame 167 86 Google Scholar
[35]	Ward M A V 1980 J. Microwave Power 15 193 Google Scholar
[36]	Chen B S, Garner A L, Bane S P M 2019 Combust. Flame 207 250 Google Scholar
[37]	Zhang X H, Wang Z W, Wu H M, Zhou D, Huang S, Cheng X B, Chen J Y 2020 Combust. Flame 222 111 Google Scholar
[38]	Kammermann T, Kreutner W, Trottmann M, Merotto L, Soltic P, Bleiner D 2018 Spectrochim. Acta Part B 148 152 Google Scholar
[39]	Kojima J, Ikeda Y, Nakajima T 2005 Combust. Flame 140 34 Google Scholar
[40]	Fuh C A, Clark S M, Wu W, Wang C J 2016 J. Appl. Phys. 120 163303 Google Scholar
[41]	陈泽煜, 彭玉彬, 王瑞, 贺永宁, 崔万照 2022 物理学报 71 240702 Google Scholar Chen Z Y, Peng Y B, Wang R, He Y N, Cui W Z 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 240702 Google Scholar
[42]	Zhu X R, Khateeb A A, Roberts W L, Guiberti T F 2021 Combust. Flame 231 111508 Google Scholar
[43]	Dilecce G, Ambrico P F, Scarduelli G, Tosi P, De Benedictis S 2009 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 18 015010 Google Scholar
[44]	Hu W, Tang J Y, Wu J D, Sun J, Shen Y Q, Xu X F, Xu N 2008 Phys. Plasmas 15 073502 Google Scholar

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