Corrosion behavior of aluminum reinforced austenitic steel in liquid lead bismuth at 550 ℃

Gan Shu-Yun; Xu Shuai; Li Bing-Sheng; Chai Lin-Jiang; Chen Li-Ming; He Xiao-Xun; Wang Li; Liu Si-Jie; Wen Chun-Mei; Li Jia-Qi; Wu Zhong-Zheng

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20231103

Abstract

The key material issue for the commercialization of advanced lead cooled fast reactors and accelerator driven subcritical systems is the compatibility between structural materials and lead based coolants. Structural steel materials require excellent corrosion resistance in high-temperature liquid lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) alloy. Aluminum forming austenitic steel (AFA steel) has excellent corrosion resistance in extreme environments due to its ability to form an Al₂O₃ film on its surface. However, excessively high Ni elements are more easily dissolved or oxidized in LBE than Fe and Cr elements. Therefore, this work investigates the effect of reducing Ni element composition (25-Ni steel and 18-Ni steel) on the corrosion resistance of steel in LBE. Surface treatment can protect the substrate from corrosion to some extent, so herein we explore whether it has a protective effect on AFA steel in LBE by generating Al₂O₃ through high-temperature pre oxidation. The morphology and structure of the oxide layer of AFA steel corroded for 600 h in LBE with saturated dissolved oxygen at 550 ℃ are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and other technologies. The results indicate that the oxide film formed after corrosion of 18-Ni steel is thinner than that after corrosion of 25-Ni steel. Performing high-temperature pre oxidation is beneficial to forming a protective Al₂O₃ oxide film on the surface of the sample, thereby reducing the thickness of the oxide layer and improving the material’s LBE corrosion resistance. The reduction in thickness of the oxide layer generated after pre oxidation of 18-Ni steel is greater than that of 25-Ni steel, so the anti-corrosion effect of 18-Ni steel after pre oxidation is better than that of 25-Ni steel.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
2.
State Key Laboratory for Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
3.
Department of Material Forming and Control, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China

Corresponding author: Xu Shuai, shuaixu2020@swust.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20zx7104).

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Cited By

图 1 锻造态钢的EBSD图和SEM图　(a) 18-Ni钢EBSD图; (b) 基于图(a)的18-Ni钢相分布图; (c) 18-Ni钢SEM图, 右上角图像放大了α相区域; (d) 25-Ni钢EBSD图; (e) 基于图(d)的25-Ni钢相分布图; (f) 25-Ni钢SEM图

Figure 1. EBSD and SEM images of steels: (a) EBSD images of 18-Ni steel; (b) phase distribution of 18-Ni steel; (c) SEM image of 18-Ni steel, the upper right corner picture magnifies the of α phase area; (d) 25-Ni steel EBSD image; (e) phase distribution of 25-Ni steel; (f) 25-Ni steel SEM image.

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图 2 不同成分钢相体积占比随温度变化相图　(a) 18-Ni钢; (b) 25-Ni钢

Figure 2. Phase volume-temperature phase diagrams of different steels: (a) 18-Ni steel; (b) 25-Ni steel.

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图 3 锻造态样品在550 ℃ LBE腐蚀600 h后宏观形貌图　(a) 18-Ni钢; (b) 25-Ni钢

Figure 3. Macro morphology of the forged steels after 600 h LBE corrosion at 550 ℃: (a) 18 Ni steel; (b) 25-Ni steel.

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图 4 锻造态18-Ni钢和25-Ni钢在550 ℃ LBE中腐蚀600 h后表面XRD图

Figure 4. XRD patterns of forged 18-Ni steel and 25-Ni steel after 600 h LBE corrosion at 550 ℃.

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图 5 样品在550 ℃ LBE腐蚀600 h后表面SEM图　(a), (b) 18-Ni钢; (c), (d) 25-Ni钢

Figure 5. The surface SEM image of the sample after LBE corrosion at 550 °C for 600 h: (a), (b) 18-Ni steel; (c), (d) 25-Ni steel.

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图 6 锻造态样品在550 ℃ LBE中腐蚀600 h的截面SEM图　(a) 18-Ni钢; (b) 25-Ni钢

Figure 6. SEM images show the cross-sectional oxide layer morphology of the forged steels after LBE corrosion at 550 °C: (a) 18-Ni steel; (b) 25-Ni steel.

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图 7 锻造态样品在550 ℃ LBE中腐蚀600 h的截面EDS图　 (a) 18-Ni钢; (b) 25-Ni钢

Figure 7. Cross-section EDS diagram of forged steels after LBE corrosion at 550 °C: (a) 18-Ni steel; (b) 25-Ni steel.

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图 8 锻造态钢和850 ℃高温预氧化后钢的XRD图

Figure 8. XRD patterns of the forged steels and pre-oxidized steels at 850 ℃.

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图 9 850 ℃预氧化20 h后18-Ni钢和25-Ni钢的拉曼光谱图

Figure 9. Raman spectra of different samples obtained with 532 nm excitation wavelength: (a) 18-Ni steel; (b) 25-Ni steel.

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图 10 850 ℃预氧化20 h后18-Ni钢的表面SEM图

Figure 10. SEM images of the surface of 18-Ni steel after pr-oxidation at 850 ℃ for 20 h.

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图 11 850 ℃预氧化20 h后25-Ni钢的表面SEM图

Figure 11. SEM image of the surface of 25-Ni steel after pre-oxidation at 850 ℃ for 20 h.

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图 12 850 ℃预氧化20 h后18-Ni钢和25-Ni钢的截面EDS图　(a) 18-Ni钢; (b) 25-Ni钢

Figure 12. Cross-section EDS diagrams of 18-Ni steel and 25-Ni steel after pre-oxidation at 850 ℃ for 20 h: (a) 18-Ni steel; (b) 25-Ni steel.

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图 13 预氧化后的18-Ni钢和25-Ni钢在550 ℃ LBE腐蚀600 h后的XRD图

Figure 13. The XRD diagram of pre-oxidized 18-Ni steel and 25-Ni steel after LBE corrosion at 550 ℃.

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图 14 预氧化样品在550 ℃ LBE腐蚀600 h后的表面SEM图　(a), (b) 18-Ni钢; (c), (d) 25-Ni钢

Figure 14. Surface SEM images of pre oxidized samples after LBE corrosion at 550 ℃ for 600 h: (a) (b) 18-Ni steel; (c), (d) 25-Ni steel.

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图 15 预氧化样品在550 ℃ LBE腐蚀600 h后的截面EDS图　(a) 18-Ni钢; (b) 25-Ni钢

Figure 15. Cross section EDS diagram of pre-oxidized sample after 600 h of LBE corrosion at 550 ℃: (a) 18-Ni steel; (b) 25-Ni steel.

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图 16 锻造态样品钢腐蚀过程示意图　(a) 18-Ni钢; (b) 25-Ni钢

Figure 16. Schematic diagram shows the corrosion process of the forged steels: (a) 18-Ni steel; (b) 25-Ni steel.

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图 17 预氧化后样品钢腐蚀过程示意图　(a) 18-Ni钢; (b) 25-Ni钢

Figure 17. Schematic diagram shows the corrosion process of the pre-oxidized steels: (a) 18-Ni steel; (b) 25-Ni steel.

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表 1 18-Ni钢和25-Ni钢的实际化学成分(质量分数, %)

Table 1. The actual chemical composition of 18-Ni steel and 25-Ni steel (mass percentage, %).

Ni Cr Al Mo Nb Fe

18-Ni 19.25 14.21 2.66 3.62 1.8 Bal.

25-Ni 26.67 14.11 2.76 3.55 1.81 Bal.

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表 2 图7中氧化物点扫描成分组成(%)

Table 2. Composition of oxides after point scanning analysis in Fig.7(%).

区域 Cr Al Fe Nb O

点1 0.3 0 43.3 2.7 53.6
点2 2.2 13.6 10.6 12.4 47.0
点3 1.9 16.6 7.3 2.0 48.2
点4 1.3 0.5 58.9 0.7 35.5
点5 18.8 1.9 36.4 2.2 37.0
点6 8.6 8.6 34.0 17.5 7.9

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表 3 图10和图11中氧化物点扫描成分组成(%)

Table 3. Composition of oxides after point scanning analysis in Fig.10 and Fig.11(%).

区域 Cr Al Fe O

点7 3.28 1.51 50.12 38.59
点8 9.94 14.24 44.26 9.46
点9 7.56 2.18 51.11 36.15
点10 25.00 5.88 38.62 22.34
点11 15.42 0.69 75.67 5.20

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表 4 图15中氧化物点扫描成分组成(%)

Table 4. Composition of oxides after point scanning analysis in Fig.15 (%).

区域 Cr Al Fe Ni O

点12 9.2 4.4 49.5 4.2 30.9
点13 1.5 39.7 2.6 2.1 53.5
点14 1.1 1.1 85.7 0.0 10.9
点15 2.1 17.8 7.4 20.9 5.20

DownLoad: CSV

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[15]	Yamamoto Y, Takeyama M, Lu Z P, Liu C T, Evans N D, Maziasz P J, Brady M P 2008 Nature 30 191
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[20]	Shen L, Wu B J, Zhao K, Peng H B Wen Y H 2021 Corros. Sci. 191 109754 Google Scholar
[21]	Yamamoto Y, Brady M P, Ren Q Q, Poplawsky J D, Hoelzer D T, Lance M J 2022 JOM 74 1462
[22]	Yamamoto Y, Ren Q Q, Brady M P 2022 Metals 12 717-7 Google Scholar
[23]	Zhao W X, Jiang S H, Liu W H, Peng X Y, Wang H, Wu Y, Liu X J, Lu Z P 2022 Mater. Sci. Eng. A 857 143995 Google Scholar
[24]	经济合作与发展组织/核能署著 (戎利建, 张玉妥, 陆善平, 陈星秋, 王培, 熊超, 叶中飞, 李依依译) 2007 铅与铅铋共晶合金手册 (北京: 科学出版社)第72—73页 OECD/NEA (translated by Rong L J, Zhang Y T, Lu S P, Chen X Q, Wang P, Xiong C, Ye Z F, Li Y Y) 2007 Handbook on Lead–Bismuth Eutectic Alloy and Lead (Beijing: Science Press) pp72–73
[25]	Brady M P, Yamamoto Y, Santella M L, Maziasz P J, Pint B A, Liu C T, Lu Z P, Bei H 2008 JOM 60 12
[26]	Yamamoto Y, Takeyama M, Lu Z P, Liu C T, Evans N D, Maziasz P J, Brady M P 2008 Intermetallics 16 458
[27]	程晓农, 姚永泉, 李冬升, 罗锐, 郑琦, 唐桢丁 2017 金属热处理 42 75 Chen X N, Yao Y Q, Li D S, Luo R, Zheng Q, Tang Z D 2017 Heat Treat. Met. 42 75
[28]	Hosemann P, Bai S, Bickel J, Qiu J 2021 JOM 73 4014
[29]	Liu Y C, Chen S M, Ouyang F Y, Kai J J 2018 J. Nucl. Mater. 505 13
[30]	Chen L Z, Tsisar V, Wang M, Schroer C, Zhou Z J 2021 Corros. Sci. 189 109591 Google Scholar
[31]	陈灵芝 2021 博士学位论文 (北京: 北京科技大学) Chen L Z 2021 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: University of Science and Technology
[32]	Wang M, Sun Y D, Feng J K , Zhang R Q, Tang R, Zhou Z J 2016 Int. J. Min. Met. Mater. 23 316
[33]	周德强 2014 博士学位论文 (北京: 北京科技大学) Zhou D Q 2014 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: University of Science and Technology
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[38]	吴欣强, 戎利建, 谭季波, 陈胜虎, 胡小锋, 张洋鹏, 张兹瑜 2023 金属学报 59 504 Wu X Q, Rong L J, Tan J B, Chen S H, Hu X F, Zhang Y P, Zhang Z Y 2023 Acta Metall. Sin. 59 504
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[43]	Xu S, Long F, Persaud S Y, Guo N, Yao Z W, Daymond M R, Gao W H, Zhang L F, Zhou Z J 2020 Corros. Sci. 165 108380 Google Scholar
[44]	刘培生 2003 稀有金属材料与工程 32 684 Liu P S 2023 Rare Metal Mat. Eng. 32 684
[45]	Boggs W E 1971 J. Electrochem. Soc. 118 906 Google Scholar
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