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Streamer discharge has been widely used in fields of sterilization, disinfection, ozone generation, etc. The secondary discharge process significantly affects the effective ozone production duration and efficiency. However, the mechanism of oxygen concentration affecting secondary discharge characteristics and the yield of target products is still unclear. To address this issue, a fluid-based analysis model of the secondary positive streamer discharge process between needle-plate electrodes under varying oxygen concentrations is developed in this work. This model considers the radial electric field and resolves potential non-physical branching issues that may arise in discharge simulations at high oxygen concentrations. In this work, the effect of oxygen concentration on the optical emission characteristics of secondary positive streamers is examined. The optical emission intensity, cathode charge transfer, and the yields of excited-state oxygen atoms (O(3P)) under different oxygen concentrations are investigated and compared with experimental data. The results show that when the oxygen concentration increases from 20% to 90%, the light emission intensity of the secondary discharge decreases by about 0.2%. At the same time, the average electron density in the discharge channel decreases by 90%, the change of electric field intensity is less than 10%, and the duration of single discharge duration is shortened by 77%. Under these conditions, the proportion of O(3P) yield originating from the primary discharge increases from 20% to 38%, and the unit energy yield of excited-state oxygen atoms O(3P) rises by 64%. Although the reduction in discharge duration results in a 50% decrease in absolute O(3P) yield, the increase in unit energy yield far compensates for the decrease in single-discharge yield. The single-discharge yield decreases with oxygen concentration increasing due to the enhanced two- and three-body adsorption effects of oxygen molecules, which reduce the electron density. Additionally, the increased collision probability between electrons and oxygen molecules further affects these characteristic changes.
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Keywords:
- streamer discharge /
- fluid simulation /
- numerical simulation /
- duration
[1] 李晗蔚, 孙安邦, 张幸, 姚聪伟, 常正实, 张冠军 2018 物理学报 67 045101
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Google Scholar
[2] Samaranayake W, Miyahara Y, Namihira T, Katsuki S, Sakugawa T, Hackam R, Akiyama H 2000 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 7 254
Google Scholar
[3] Fukawa F, Shimomura N, Yano T, Yamanaka S, Teranishi K, Akiyama H 2008 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 36 2592
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[5] Meher P, Deshmukh N, Mashalkar A, Kumar D 2023 AIP Conference Proceedings 2764 1
Google Scholar
[6] Wang D, Namihira T 2020 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 29 023001
Google Scholar
[7] Li X, Sun A, Zhang G, Teunissen J 2020 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 29 065004
Google Scholar
[8] Syssoev V, Naumova M, Kuznetsov Y, Orlov A, Sukharevsky D, Makalsky L, Kukhno A 2022 Inorg. Mater. Appl. Res. 13 1380
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[9] Sisoev V, Zavyalova A, Makalsky L, Kuchno A 2021 IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 723 042068
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[10] Wei Z, Komuro A, Ono R 2023 Plasma Processes Polym. 21 2300113
Google Scholar
[11] Abahazem A, Merbahi N, Ducasse O, Eichwald O, Yousfi M 2008 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 36 924
Google Scholar
[12] Ono R, Komuro A 2020 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 53 035202
Google Scholar
[13] Ono R, Oda T 2003 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 36 1952
Google Scholar
[14] Meek J 1940 Phys. Rev. 57 722
Google Scholar
[15] Raether H 1939 Zeitschrift für Physik 112 464
[16] Sigmond R 1984 J. Appl. Phys. 56 1355
Google Scholar
[17] Nijdam S, Teunissen J, Takahashi E, Ebert U 2016 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 25 044001
Google Scholar
[18] Eichwald O, Ducasse O, Dubois D, Abahazem A, Merbahi N, Benhenni M, Yousfi M 2008 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 41 234002
Google Scholar
[19] Babaeva N Y, Naidis G 1996 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 29 2423
Google Scholar
[20] Zhelezniak M, Mnatsakanian A K, Sizykh S V 1982 High Temperature Science 20 357
[21] Ono R, Takezawa K, Oda T 2009 J. Appl. Phys. 106 043302
Google Scholar
[22] Komuro A, Ono R, Oda T 2013 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 46 175206
Google Scholar
[23] Komuro A, Takahashi K, Ando A 2015 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 48 215203
Google Scholar
[24] Wei Z, Komuro A, Ono R 2023 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 32 115016
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[27] Bourdon A, Pasko V, Liu N Y, Célestin S, Ségur P, Marode E 2007 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 16 656
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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图 1 针电极施加的脉冲电压波形 (a) 0—800 ns的电压波形; (b) 放大x轴后0—100 ns的电压波形
Figure 1. Applied voltage $ V(t) $ at the anode (needle) in the simulation: (a) The voltage waveform of 0–800 ns; (b) enlarged voltage waveform of 0–100 ns.
图 2 用于计算径向电场的包含环绕针电极的三维模型示意图
Figure 2. Overview of the calculation region of the three-dimensional model for calculating the distribution of the electric field near the anode.
图 3 包含环绕针电极的五针模型与单针电极三维模型针尖z = 0处径向电场对比
Figure 3. Distribution of radial electric field along z = 0 calculated via the three-dimensional simulation.
图 4 进行电场抑制前后模拟出的流注对比 (a)未进行径向电场修正; (b)进行径向电场修正后的二次流注
Figure 4. Simulated secondary streamer with and without modification: (a) Radial electric field with modification; (b) radial electric field without modification.
图 5 模拟的大气压条件下0—60 ns时间段ICCD相机拍摄的图像的流注发展过程
Figure 5. Simulated emission ICCD figure of the secondary streamer under 20% $ \rm O_2 $ concentration from 0 to 60 ns.
图 6 实验获得的大气压条件下0—60 ns时间段ICCD相机图像的流注发展过程
Figure 6. Emission ICCD figure of the secondary streamer under 20% $ \rm O_2 $ concentration from 0 to 60 ns in the experiment
图 7 不同氧浓度下模拟与实验获得的阴极转移电荷量对比
Figure 7. Comparison between the transferred charge calculated in the simulation and measured in the experiment.
图 8 积分坐标系之间的关系 (a)轴对称坐标系与视线方向坐标系s; (b)圆柱对称Abel坐标系
Figure 8. Relationship between integral coordinate systems: (a) Axisymmetric coordinate system with line-of-sight direction coordinate system s; (b) cylindrically symmetric Abel coordinate system
图 9 使用Abel及时间积分(快门时间2 ns)前后, 计算的发光强度对比
Figure 9. Comparison of calculated luminous intensity before and after using Abel and time integration (gate time 2 ns).
图 10 不同氧浓度下计算得出的二级流注的发射强度示意图
Figure 10. Calculated 2D emission intensity of the secondary streamer under different oxygen concentrations.
图 11 不同氧浓度下计算与实验得出的二次流注的发射总强度对比
Figure 11. Comparison of calculated and experimentally derived total emission intensities for secondary streamer at different oxygen concentrations.
图 12 不同氧浓度下二次流注过程t = 100 ns时的$ \mathrm{O(^3 P)} $密度分布
Figure 12. Spatial distribution of $ \mathrm{O(^3 P)} $ at t = 100 ns during secondary streamer at different oxygen concentrations.
图 13 不同氧浓度下二次流注过程t = 100 ns时, 对称轴r = 0 mm上的$ \mathrm{O(^3 P)} $密度
Figure 13. Density of $ \mathrm{O(^3 P)} $ on the axis of symmetry r = 0 mm at t = 100 ns for secondary streamer process at different oxygen concentrations.
图 14 不同氧浓度下模型计算与实验得出的二次流注的产出$ \rm O(^3 P) $总量(a)与每单位能量产率对比(b)
Figure 14. Comparison between the simulation and measurement results for (a) total number of measured $ \rm O_3 $ and simulated $ \rm O(^3 P) $ molecules and (b) measured $ \rm O_3 $ and simulated $ \rm O(^3 P) $ yields.
图 16 (a) 不同氧浓度下产生的$ \rm O(^3 P) $总量随时间变化; (b) 不同氧浓度下一次流注产生的$ \rm O(^3 P) $产量与总产量比值
Figure 16. The dependence of the total amount of $ \rm O(^3 P) $ produced on the time at various oxygen concentrations; (b) fraction of $ \rm O(^3 P) $ produced by the primary streamer to the total amount of $ \rm O(^3 P) $ production at various oxygen concentrations.
图 17 (a) 不同氧浓度下, E/N (实线)和电子密度(虚线)随时间的变化; (b)不同氧浓度下, 对称轴上z = 3 mm处的$ \rm O(^3 P) $密度随时间的变化
Figure 17. (a) Time dependencies of E/N (solid line) and the electron density (dashed line) under various O2 concentrations; (b) time dependencies of $ \rm O(^3 P) $ density at z = 3 mm on the symmetric axis under various O2 concentrations.
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[1] 李晗蔚, 孙安邦, 张幸, 姚聪伟, 常正实, 张冠军 2018 物理学报 67 045101
Google Scholar
Li H W, Sun A B, Zhang X, Yao C W, Chang Z S, Zhang G J 2018 Acta Phys. Sin 67 045101
Google Scholar
[2] Samaranayake W, Miyahara Y, Namihira T, Katsuki S, Sakugawa T, Hackam R, Akiyama H 2000 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 7 254
Google Scholar
[3] Fukawa F, Shimomura N, Yano T, Yamanaka S, Teranishi K, Akiyama H 2008 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 36 2592
Google Scholar
[4] Komuro A, Yoshino A, Wei Z, Ono R 2023 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 56 185201
Google Scholar
[5] Meher P, Deshmukh N, Mashalkar A, Kumar D 2023 AIP Conference Proceedings 2764 1
Google Scholar
[6] Wang D, Namihira T 2020 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 29 023001
Google Scholar
[7] Li X, Sun A, Zhang G, Teunissen J 2020 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 29 065004
Google Scholar
[8] Syssoev V, Naumova M, Kuznetsov Y, Orlov A, Sukharevsky D, Makalsky L, Kukhno A 2022 Inorg. Mater. Appl. Res. 13 1380
Google Scholar
[9] Sisoev V, Zavyalova A, Makalsky L, Kuchno A 2021 IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 723 042068
Google Scholar
[10] Wei Z, Komuro A, Ono R 2023 Plasma Processes Polym. 21 2300113
Google Scholar
[11] Abahazem A, Merbahi N, Ducasse O, Eichwald O, Yousfi M 2008 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 36 924
Google Scholar
[12] Ono R, Komuro A 2020 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 53 035202
Google Scholar
[13] Ono R, Oda T 2003 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 36 1952
Google Scholar
[14] Meek J 1940 Phys. Rev. 57 722
Google Scholar
[15] Raether H 1939 Zeitschrift für Physik 112 464
[16] Sigmond R 1984 J. Appl. Phys. 56 1355
Google Scholar
[17] Nijdam S, Teunissen J, Takahashi E, Ebert U 2016 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 25 044001
Google Scholar
[18] Eichwald O, Ducasse O, Dubois D, Abahazem A, Merbahi N, Benhenni M, Yousfi M 2008 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 41 234002
Google Scholar
[19] Babaeva N Y, Naidis G 1996 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 29 2423
Google Scholar
[20] Zhelezniak M, Mnatsakanian A K, Sizykh S V 1982 High Temperature Science 20 357
[21] Ono R, Takezawa K, Oda T 2009 J. Appl. Phys. 106 043302
Google Scholar
[22] Komuro A, Ono R, Oda T 2013 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 46 175206
Google Scholar
[23] Komuro A, Takahashi K, Ando A 2015 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 48 215203
Google Scholar
[24] Wei Z, Komuro A, Ono R 2023 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 32 115016
Google Scholar
[25] Phelps and Morgan Databases, Murphy T I https://us.lxcat.net/contributors/ [2024-11-04]
[26] Hagelaar G, Pitchford L C 2005 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 14 722
Google Scholar
[27] Bourdon A, Pasko V, Liu N Y, Célestin S, Ségur P, Marode E 2007 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 16 656
Google Scholar
[28] Yoshida K, Komuro A, Wada N, Naito T, Ando A 2022 J. Electrostat. 117 103716
Google Scholar
[29] DeMore W, Sander S, Golden D, Hampson R, Kurylo M, Howard C, Ravishankara A, Kolb C, Molina M 1997 JPL Publication 97 1
[30] Komuro A, Ono R, Oda T 2013 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 22 045002
Google Scholar
[31] Komuro A, Takahashi K, Ando A 2017 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 26 065003
Google Scholar
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