Accepted Papers
Recent catalogue
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Vol.74 No.7
2025-04-05
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Vol.74 No.6
2025-03-20
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Vol.74 No.5
2025-03-05
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Vol.74 No.4
2025-02-20
- All Archive
SPECIAL TOPIC—Technology of magnetic resonance
2025, 74 (7): 070101.
doi: 10.7498/aps.74.070101
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SPECIAL TOPIC—Quantum transport in topological materials and devices
2025, 74 (7): 070102.
doi: 10.7498/aps.74.070102
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GENERAL
2025, 74 (7): 070201.
doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20241727
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Solid-state lithium batteries possess numerous advantages, such as high energy density, excellent cycle stability, superior mechanical strength, non-flammability, enhanced safety, and extended service life. These characteristics make them highly suitable for applications in aerospace, new energy vehicles, and portable electronic devices. However, the growth of lithium dendrite at the electrode/electrolyte interface remains a critical challenge, limiting both performance and safety. The growth of lithium dendrites in the electrolyte not only reduces the Coulombic efficiency of the battery but also poses a risk of puncturing the electrolyte, leading to internal short circuits between the anode and cathode. This study is to solve the problem of lithium dendrite growth in solid-state lithium batteries by employing phase-field theory for numerical simulations. A phase-field model is developed by coupling the mechanical stress field, thermal field, and electrochemical field, to investigate the morphology and evolution of lithium dendrites under the condition of different ambient temperatures, external pressures, and their combined effects. The results indicate that higher temperature and greater external pressure significantly suppress lithium dendrite growth, leading to fewer side branches, smoother surfaces, and more uniform electrochemical deposition. Increased external pressure inhibits longitudinal dendrite growth, resulting in a compressed morphology with higher compactness, but at the cost of increased mechanical instability. Similarly, elevated ambient temperature enhances lithium-ion diffusion and reaction rate, which further suppress dendrite growth rate and size. The combined effect of temperature and pressure exhibits a pronounced inhibitory influence on dendrite growth, with stress concentrating at the dendrite roots. This stress distribution promotes lateral growth, facilitating the formation of flatter and denser lithium deposits.
SPECIAL TOPIC—Quantum information processing
2025, 74 (7): 070301.
doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20250029
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Studying the quantum resources of neutrino oscillations is a topic worth exploring. This review mainly introduces the use of quantum resource theory to characterize the quantum resource characteristics of three-flavor neutrino oscillations, and the specific evolutionary patterns of different entanglement measures in three-flavor neutrino oscillations. In addition, by comparing the cases of different entanglement evolutions, the optimal method of quantifying entanglement in three-flavor neutrino oscillations can be obtained. Moreover, this review also focuses on the quantifying the quantumness of neutrino oscillation observed experimentally by using the l1-norm of coherence. The maximal coherence is observed in the neutrino source from the KamLAND reactor. Furthermore, we examine the violation of the Mermin inequality and Svetlichny inequality to study the nonlocality in three-flavor neutrino oscillations. It is shown that even though the genuine tripartite nonlocal correlation is usually existent, it can disappear within specific time regions. In addition, this review also presents the trade-off relations in the quantum resource theory of three-flavor neutrino oscillations, mainly based on monogamy relations and complete complementarity relations. It is hoped that this review can bring inspiration to the development of this field.
INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
2025, 74 (7): 070302.
doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20241621
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High-precision gravity field mapping plays a critical role in geological survey, resource exploration, and geoid modeling. The traditional ground-based static absolute gravity measurements possess high accuracy, but they are fundamentally constrained by low operational efficiency and inability to survey complex terrains such as river networks, lakes, and mountainous regions. This study tries to address these limitations through the development of an airborne absolute gravity measurement system based on quantum gravimeters. At a flight altitude of 1022 m and a speed of 240 km/h of the airplane, after a filtering process of 3 km, the measured gravity value shows a standard deviation of approximately 8.86 mGal. Furthermore, a comparative analysis with the EGM2008 gravity model shows a residual standard deviation of 8.16 mGal, validating the consistency of the system with established geophysical references. The experimental results confirm the operational feasibility of quantum gravimeters in scenarios of airborne dynamic measurement, demonstrating the viability of this technological framework for high-resolution gravity field mapping.
GENERAL
2025, 74 (7): 070601.
doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20250024
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In industrial sites and outdoor long-distance measurements, the difficulty in accurately measuring and correcting the refractive index of air is a critical factor affecting precise distance measurement. In order to develop a simple, long-range, and high-precision absolute distance measurement technique, in this work an absolute distance measurement method is presented based on multi-pulse spectral interferometry by using an optical frequency comb. This method can dynamically correct the measurement errors introduced by group refractive index fluctuations. Firstly, a mathematical model for multi-pulse spectral interferometry is established. By performing a single Fourier transform on the multi-pulse spectral interference signal, the time delay measured in the pseudo-time domain can be used to simultaneously determine the group refractive index of the measurement path and the measured distance. Secondly, by fine-tuning the repetition frequency and using difference computation, the measurement range can be extended from the non-ambiguity range of traditional spectral interferometry to arbitrary lengths. Finally, extensive numerical simulations and analyses are conducted to validate the performance of the proposed method. The simulation results demonstrate that with a reference distance of 0.1 m, the maximum absolute error in group refractive index measurement is 0.12×10–6, and the maximum distance measurement error is 33 nm in a range of 0—200 m. In order to measure the group refractive index in real time under changing atmospheric conditions and compensate for ranging errors caused by changes in air refractive index, even under changing atmospheric conditions, the maximum distance measurement error is 38 nm, ensuring sub-micron-level measurement accuracy over long distances. The research results indicate that this method can be applied to large-scale and high-precision absolute distance measurement.
GENERAL
2025, 74 (7): 070701.
doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20241769
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In the paper, under 5.8 GPa and 1300 ℃, the Li3N doped diamond single crystals were synthesized in a cubic anvil high pressure and high temperature apparatus. Firstly, Fe59Ni25Co16 alloy was used as the catalyst, high-purity Li3N powder was used as the additive, industrial high-purity graphite powder was used as the carbon source, and the (100) crystal orientation of industrial grade diamond single crystal with good crystalline quality was used as the growth direction of diamond single crystal, the effect of Li3N addition ratio on the growth of diamond single crystals was systematically investigated with a growth time of 20 h. The research results indicate that with the increase of Li3N addition ratio, the color of diamond single crystals gradually transitions from yellow green, green, and dark green to dark green, and their morphology gradually transitions from hexahedron, hexahedron to octahedron. Moreover, the growth rate of single crystals decreases with the gradual increase of Li3N addition ratio, which can be attributed to the phenomenon of upward movement in the “V-shaped region” of diamond single crystal growth with the gradual increase of Li3N addition ratio in the P-T phase diagram of carbon. Secondly, using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, it was revealed that the nitrogen content of diamond single crystals increases with the increase of Li3N addition ratio, and increasing the diamond growth pressure can achieve the increase in the nitrogen content of diamond single crystals. Figure 5 shows FTIR spectra of diamond crystals synthesized under different Li3N addition ratios. When the weight percent of Li3N added to the catalyst is 0.55%, the nitrogen content of the grown diamond single crystal is 8.92×10–4. Thirdly, Raman spectroscopy testing revealed that the Raman characteristic peak of diamond single crystals gradually shifts towards the low-energy end with the increase of Li3N addition ratio, which is related to the increase of internal stress in diamond single crystals. Finally, the PL spectroscopy test results showed that this study achieved high temperature and high pressure preparation of diamond single crystals with NV– color centers, and the zero phonon line intensity of NV– color centers in the single crystals significantly decreased with the increase of crystal nitrogen content. Figure 7 shows PL spectra of diamond crystals synthesized under different Li3N addition ratios.
NUCLEAR PHYSICS
2025, 74 (7): 072901.
doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20241660
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With the development of next-generation reactors, the demand for higher precision in nuclear data has increased significantly to ensure operational efficiency and safety. Especially, inelastic scattering cross-section is one of the key parameters in nuclear reactor physics calculations, which directly affects neutron economy, thermal-hydraulic design, and safety analysis. Stainless steel is widely used in the nuclear industry. Chromium (Cr) is one of the main alloying elements in stainless steel, and 52Cr is the most abundant isotope in nature. However, the measurement of the inelastic scattering cross-section of 52Cr has not been explored in China, so the study of the 52Cr(n, n′ γ) reaction cross-section is crucial for nuclear reactor calculations. In this study, the neutron beams with energies of 5.62, 6.24, and 7.95 MeV via the D(d, n) 3He reaction are generated from the HI-13 tandem accelerator at the Institute of Atomic Energy in China. These neutrons are used to bombard a 52Cr target. Four CLOVER detectors are located at 30°, 70°, 110° and 150° relative to the beam direction in the horizontal plane. The prompt γ-ray method is used to measure the inelastic scattering cross-section by using an HPGe detector array. This is the first time that the cross-sections of five inelastic γ-rays with energies of 647.47 keV, 935.54 keV, 1333.65 keV, 1434.07 keV and 1530.67 keV have been obtained experimentally in China. Additionally, theoretical model calculations are performed to determine the inelastic scattering cross-sections of neutrons with energies below 20 MeV interacting with 52Cr. In the analysis of the experimental data, γ-ray self-absorption correction, neutron flux attenuation and multiple scattering correction are considered. The total experimental uncertainty includes the measurement uncertainty, correction term uncertainty, and standard cross-section uncertainty. The results show that the γ-ray production cross-sections obtained at the three neutron energy points are in good agreement with the data measured by Mihailescu et al. [Mihailescu L C, Borcea C, Koning A J, Plompen A J M 2007 Nucl. Phys. A 786 1 ] within the error margins, and the uncertainties are smaller. However, significant discrepancies are observed between the theoretical model calculations and the experimental data, which may be attributed to the lack of experimental information about the high-excitation-energy levels in the 52Cr level scheme. This study not only fills a gap in the measurement of the 52Cr inelastic scattering cross-section but also provides important nuclear data for designing and optimizing the next-generation reactors.
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
2025, 74 (7): 073101.
doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20241737
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Graphene has attracted great attention due to its large specific surface area, high charge carrier mobility, and excellent electrical conductivity. However, the inherent structural integrity and zero bandgap characteristics of graphene limit its gas sensing properties. Consequently, researchers have embarked on exploring avenues such as doping graphene or using graphene oxide as a gas-sensitive material to design gas sensors that respond optimally to ammonia. This work, based on first-principle density functional theory, focuses on the field of ammonia gas sensors, investigating in detail the adsorption characteristics of ammonia molecules on graphene oxide (GO) and graphene oxide doped with Ag and Cu (AgGO, CuGO). By calculating parameters including charge distribution, density of states, band structures, and adsorption energy, this work delves into the influences of diverse oxygen-containing groups and metal doping on the gas sensing properties of graphene oxide. The research results show that there is a substantial charge density overlap between the density of states of hydroxyl groups in graphene oxide and NH3 molecules, indicating a clear tendency towards chemical adsorption. It is particularly noteworthy that after NH3 adsorption, the graphene oxide containing hydroxyl shows the highest charge transfer (0.078e) and adsorption energy (0.60 eV), which indicates that the adsorption efficacy of NH3 is higher, followed by carboxyl groups and epoxy groups, which mainly participate in physical adsorption. Furthermore, this work delves into the influence of metal doping on graphene oxide, demonstrating that the adsorption capability of doped graphene oxide hinges upon the synergistic influence of oxygen-containing groups and metal atoms, with Ag-doped graphene oxide showing a several-fold increase in adsorption energy. Through the analysis of density of states, it is found that Ag atoms resonate with s, p, and d orbitals of the N atom in NH3, proving the formation of a chemical bond between Ag atom and N atom. Moreover, a comparative analysis shows that Cu-doped graphene oxide (CuGO) has an increased charge transfer of about 0.020e and slightly higher adsorption energy than Ag-doped graphene oxide (AgGO) when adsorbing NH3. Intriguingly, under the same doping concentration, CuGO exhibits superior adsorption performance to NH3. It is worth noting that in graphene oxide doped with Ag or Cu, the adsorption mechanism of carboxyl and epoxy groups transforms from physical adsorption into chemical adsorption, while the hydroxyl groups maintain consistent chemical adsorption properties before and after doping. This indicates that doping with Ag or Cu atoms can significantly enhance the adsorption capability of graphene oxide to NH3.
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
2025, 74 (7): 073102.
doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20241797
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